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I.T AS > IT1 Section A: Uses of ICT > Flashcards

IT1 Section A: Uses of ICT Flashcards

1
Q

what is CAM?

A

computer aided manufacturing

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2
Q

what are the features of CAD/CAM?

A
  • zoom
  • 3D and 2D
  • rotation
  • shading
  • layering
  • walk through
  • costing
  • hatching/rendering
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3
Q

explain the technique hatching/hindering in CAD/CAM

A

allows the architect to try out different finishes on the building and then choose the best one

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4
Q

explain the technique wire drawing in CAD/CAM

A

wire drawings allows rapid previewing. They are just an outline design that requires less processing to display

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5
Q

explain the technique walk through in CAD/CAM

A

allows the architect to see what the inside of the building will look like

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6
Q

explain the technique rotate in CAD/CAM

A

allows the architect to see the design from all angles

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7
Q

explain the technique zoom in CAD/CAM

A

allows the architect to see the design in fine detail

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8
Q

explain the technique stress/ strain in CAD/CAM

A

allows the architect to see if the design of the building is safe before it is built

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9
Q

explain the technique costings in CAD/CAM

A

allows a database of prices of materials to be createdthen the designer can use the software to work out the cost of the different options

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10
Q

what are the examples of CAD?

A
  • producing kitchen or bathroom designs
  • producing designs for a component
  • architects designing buildings
  • gardeners designing gardens
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11
Q

what are the examples of CAM?

A
  • manufactures Components used in car engines/ gear boxes (Vauxhalls)
  • manufactures double glazed Windows and conservatories
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12
Q

what is the advantage of CAD/CAM?

A
  • can be more accurate than hand drawing, reducing human errors
  • you can edit ideas which makes it cheaper and easier to modify your design as you go along
  • designs can be sent else where in an instant
  • a section of design can be copied and pasted many times
  • can be zoomed in for more detailed sections
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13
Q

what is the disadvantage of CAD/CAM?

A
  • software can be expensive, so initial cost is high
  • staff need to be trained on how to use the software which will add to the cost
  • requires a powerful pc and a large monitor
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14
Q

explain the relationship between CAD and CAM

A

CAD designs an object using a computer and CAM makes the object using a computer guided machine

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15
Q

what are the different types of payment method?

A
  • EFT

- using online banking

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16
Q

what are the main parts of e-commerce?

A
  • catalogue of products which you can search linked to the stock control
  • shopping cart/basket
  • checkout
  • payment
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17
Q

What are the advantages of E-commerce?

A

Customer

  • always accessible, 24/7
  • you can search the facilities

Company

  • the company creates a global marketplace
  • it gives the company a competitive edge
  • can help to gather customer information
  • it is easy to update
  • low start-up and running cost
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18
Q

what are the disadvantages of e-commerce?

A

customer;

  • lack of interaction with people
  • security problems
  • lack of exercise

company

  • unemployment
  • lack of customer trust
  • problems with international legislation
  • goods bought abroad so the profits stay abroad
  • security problems
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19
Q

what does EFT stand for and what does it mean?

A
  • stands for Electronic Funds Transfer

- it means moving money electronically from one account to another

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20
Q

what does EPOS stand for and what does it mean?

A
  • stands for Electronic at Point of Sale

- this is the hardware and software needed to automate the checkout process

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21
Q

what happens at EPOS? (describe the process)

A
  • the barcode is scanned
  • the product code is matched with the store database
  • the price of the item is returned to the POS and dispatched on the screen
  • one product item is deducted from the stock database
  • the number of stock is compared to the reorder level
  • an automatic re-order is placed
  • the EPOS will produce a printed, itemised bill
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22
Q

what are the benefits of using EPOS/EFTPOS?

A

company

  • less need for physical security as the company does not have to carry around much cash
  • enables better management statistics
  • The money is taken straight out of the customer’s account so the company is guaranteed it

customer

  • provides a variety of different payment methods
  • gives the customer other services i.e cash back, top up phone
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23
Q

what are barcodes?

A

a barcode is a series of light and dark bars of differing widths, with a number printed underneath

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24
Q

what are the advantages of using barcodes?

A
  • makes it faster to enter data because the reader can use any angle
  • it makes data input more accurate as there are no typing errors
  • low printing cost as there is no need to print price tags for all products
  • staff are free to carry out other tasks as they are needed to manually price goods
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25
Q

what are the disadvantages of using barcodes?

A
  • barcodes can only be used for the input of numbers, nothing else
  • the actual equipment needed to read and store the barcodes can be expensive
  • if the barcode is corrupted this could cause queues and delays
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26
Q

what are the other methods of data entry?

A
  • Hand held input devices
  • magnetic strip readers
  • chip and PIN readers
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27
Q

why is automatic stock control used?

A

Manages stock, to minimise the amount of stock which is held

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28
Q

what are the features of automatic stock control?

A
  • maintains adequate stock to meet demand
  • reorders goods automatically
  • monitors and adjusts stock levels
  • produces stock valuations
  • provides management information
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29
Q

describe the procedure of just in time stock control

A
  • the barcode is scanned and matched with the one stored on the stock database
  • one item is deducted from the stock database
  • the new stock level is checked against ten reorder level
  • if it is below the reorder level, an automatic request is sent to the supplier
  • the new stock is delivered
  • finally the stock database is now updated
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30
Q

what are the advantages of Just-In-Time stock control?

A
  • less storage space is required as not as much stock is held
  • the store is able to respond quickly to changing customer demands as orders are placed automatically
  • the store will find it easier to deal with lots of small deliveries rather than one big ones and it will require less staff
  • the store should not run out of fast selling items
  • the store should not have too many out of date stock, which will reduce waste
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31
Q

what are the disadvantages of Just in Time Stock Control?

A
  • this type od stock control system is expensive to initially set up -the store may require more admin staff to deal with the ordering an paperwork produced by this system
  • true stock level may differ slightly due to shop lifting, wastage etc.
  • if there is a disruption to transport, this will affect the store’s stock
  • although they can respond to different customer demands, they will struggle to respond to unusual demands
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32
Q

describe what loyalty cards are

A

identify the card holder as a member in a shop’s loyalty program

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33
Q

what are the advantages of loyalty cards to the supermarket?

A
  • allows the supermarket to gather shopping habits of their customers and then target them with offers
  • keeps customers going back to the store
  • gives the shop much better statistics in trends
  • can sell data on
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34
Q

What does CAL stand for, describe it and list what features are involved

A

Computer Assisted Learning

-a range of packages that allow student to study using a computer system, either at home or in the classroom

contains;

  • tutuorials
  • animations, colour, sound
  • quizzes with instant feedback
  • games
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35
Q

what are the advantages of CAL?

A
  • pupils can work at their own pace
  • good for people with learning difficulties (customisation)
  • pupils can gauge their own progress; get instant feedback; get work automatically marked
  • there are engaging screens (colour, animation, sound, video)
  • available at any time
  • can revisit when you need to
  • Have flexibility as to where and when you work (e,g car, home, out walking, work)
  • can access material using different hardware (e.g mobile phone, tablet, computer, MP3 player)
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36
Q

-what are the disadvantages of CAL?

A
  • lack of personal support (close at hand); no peer interaction
  • cost of software/specialist hardware
  • no collaborative learning
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37
Q

what is CAD?

A

computer aided design

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37
Q

What does CBT stand for? Describe what it is and what it is used for

A
  • stands for Computer Bases Training
  • using a computer interactively for training usually on a person’s occupation

Used for;

  • health and safety training
  • how to perform a particular job
  • induction courses
  • flight simulation courses
  • how to use a particular software
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38
Q

What are of the advantages of CBT?

A
  • less dangerous

- cost effective

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39
Q

What are the disadvantages of CBT?

A

-can be expensive as cost of installation and maintenance can be high

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40
Q

What is distance learning and what are the features?

A

Where the provide is located away from the learner

  • allows student to take courses which are not viable to run in their school/college
  • often uses video conferencing (for classes and lectures), email (to send and receive work), chat rooms (to interact with the teacher)
  • the learning takes place in another location or the teaching
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41
Q

What are the advantages of distance learning?

A

-You don’t have to be in the same location as the teacher so pupils who are ill can keep up
-students don’t have to travel so they can work at home. This will empower the disabled
-can access more courses/ access courses which are not available to your school
-flexibility of time
-classes can run with a small amount of pupils
Potentially cost saving to the school

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42
Q

What are the disadvantages of distance learning?

A
  • cost implication of installation
  • lack of personal support; no peer interaction
  • pupils must be self motivated to achieve their goals
  • need the equipment at home
  • diminishes literacy (texting)
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43
Q

What is video conferencing? And what is it used for?

A 
Allows two or more people in different locations to see and talk with each other 
It is used for; 
Distance learning 
Conferences for school 
Virtual trips 
Collaborative work
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44
Q

What is online learning/ e-learning

A 
Online multimedia products used to teach a particular subject 
E.g 
GCSE and a level 
Degree courses 
Language courses 
Professional qualification 
Jon based courses
45
Q

What are the advantages of online learning?

A
  • work at own pace
  • no teacher judgement
  • immediate feedback
  • no set lesson times
  • can fit around other commitments
  • wide range of subjects
46
Q

What are the disadvantages of online learning/ E-learning?

A
  • no social side
  • expensive
  • isolation
  • need to be motivated and have self control
47
Q

What does VLE stand for, describe it and state the features

A 
Virtual Learning Environment 
-software that allows students and teacher to interact online. It does not replace the contact in the class room

Features in the class room:

  • access to course material and learning resources
  • teachers can track student progress
  • teachers can provide feedback on student process
  • can communicate with other students
48
Q

What is OMR?

A

Teachers are given an OMR form with class lists each week
They put a black marks whether present or absent
Form is read by a computer and absent list is produced
Teacher marks the reason for absence in the correct space on the OMR form

49
Q

What are radio tags?

A

As pupils enter a classroom the PC detects their presence from the tag and adds the information to the central register

50
Q

What are smart cards?

A

Each pupil has their own smart/swipe card
Which the swipe through a computer at the beginning of registration and every lesson
This data I sent to the office either by wireless or file transfer

51
Q

What is biometrics?

A

Each pupil as they enter the classroom they place their thumb on the finger print reader
This data is sent electronically to the office

52
Q

What is admin software on PC/laptop/tablet/phone

A

Teachers take the register on their machines and the information is transferred electronically to the server

53
Q

What are the advantages of school registration using ict?

A
  • saves teachers/teaching time
  • improved attendance
  • easier to spot absence patterns
  • tracking can cut down internal truancy
  • automatic creation of statistics
  • know which pupils are on or late
  • multiple access points to the data
54
Q

What are disadvantages of school registration using ict

A

Swipe cards- pupils might swipe their friends cards into a lesson, as the teacher has not checked since they’ve relied on the machine to do it
biometric- cost of maintenance and repair is high
OMR- cannot be done sensibly every lesson as too much labour if involved/ paper is easily damaged
Radio tags- communication failure can mean that no lists are available

55
Q

What is student record keeping? What does it include?

A 
Information on pupils kept in a large database 
Includes: 
Up to date information 
Support decision making 
Tackle truancy effectively 
Plan time tables
56
Q

What else can ict be used for in learning

A
  • chatrooms
  • revision programs
  • authoring software (creating melted edit product)
  • interactive whiteboards
  • Internet
  • intranet
  • word
  • spread sheet
57
Q

What does EDI stand for?

A

Electronic data interchange

58
Q

What does EAS stand for

A

Electronic application system

60
Q

How is EDI use in schools for exams and uni applications

A
  • schools enter pupils for exams using EDI
  • files sent to exam board with candidate numbers and entrant name etc
  • results are sent back (encrypted) where they are imported into school database, then printed out for students
60
Q

What do sensors do?

A 
They record data automatically 
Can be analogue or digital 
Newborn babies have fitted sensors
In ICU p, data measured by sensors include
-temp 
-pulse 
-blood sugar 
-resp rate 
-blood pressure
61
Q

How is EAS used in schools for exams and uni applications

A

-UCAS application are made using EAS
-student completes, teacher reference completed
UCAS send to the universities.

62
Q

What are the advantages scanning devices?

A
  • scans allow accurate diagnosis without the need for surgery
  • they can lead to faster recovery
  • they can remove the danger of post operative infections
  • prepare surgeons for surgery, they know what they are going to find before they cut open the body
63
Q

What are the disadvantages of sensors?

A

They do need regular calibration to check their accuracy

66
Q

What are the disadvantages of scanning devices?

A
  • very expensive to purchase and run/maintain
  • MRI scans can be claustrophobic
  • scanners pose some health risks as there is an exposure to radiation so increased risk of cancer
  • patients with pace makers or metallic limbs cannot do through scanners
  • they can be post code lottery
67
Q

What are limitations of scanning devices

A
  • limited bandwidth
  • life support malfunctions
  • ethical problems
  • very expensive equipment
68
Q

What is EPR? Give the advantages

A

Electronic patient record keeping

  • can view on any terminal
  • consistency because one set of data
  • improved security
  • easy to back up
  • no need to transfer records
  • information available instantly
69
Q

What are the future developments of health and ict

A
  • performing scans at home
  • computers to process as well as collect data
  • managing drugs
  • diabetics
70
Q

What is blood barcoding and tracking?

A

Blood bar coding allows the tracking of blood from its donation to its use
A bracelet is with a barcode is some by a patient and this is matched with a barcode on a blood bag

71
Q

What are the advantage of blood bar coding?

A
  • a patient can be tracked if they are given bad blood (CJD, hepatitis etc)
  • there is better stick control of the blood
  • this procedure make sure the patient gets the right type of blood
72
Q

What are the disadvantages of blood bar coding?

A

Damaged bar codes can cause delays

73
Q

What are the advantages of sensors?

A
  • using sensors allows 24/7 monitoring of patients
  • if there is a problem an alarm will sound
  • frees up staff to do other tasks as they do not have to deal with one patient constantly
  • sensors will record accurate reading
  • reading can show trends in symptoms
  • newborn babies with wrist bands are prevented from being take from a ward
74
Q

What are the different type of scanning devices?

A

MRI
used to check for tumours, examining the heart, joints and spine, liver or kidney function

Uses a combo of magnetism and radio waves and computer to show body structure

CAT
pinpoint cancer, head injuries, osteoporosis

Sends our several X-Ray beams at different angles producing 3D model of patients bones and organs

PET
Help to diagnose and stage cancer
-produced 3D image of functional processes in the body (how body tissues are working)

74
Q

In medical what is the internet used for?

A

-send emails -communicate with patients through website -research -patient communicate with family -send info on lab tests or x-rays to doctor -intranet-only hospital staff are allowed access -extranet- suppliers, other agencies and GPs can access

75
Q

what is the difference between intranet and extranet in medical?

A

intranet-only hospital staff are allowed access -extranet- suppliers, other agencies and GPs can access

76
Q

what is the use of distribute medical databases?

A

-information is spread over two or more servers -security can be improved -speed of access is improved

77
Q

what are the future developments of EPR?

A

-the NHS national database -The electronic prescription service -patient identification

78
Q

what is an expert system?

A

an ICT system that emulates the decision making ability of a human expert

79
Q

what are the three components that are needed for an expert system? UIK

A
  • user interface: is the method by which the expert system interacts with a user
  • inference engine: the main processing element of the expert system/applying rules to the system or situation.
  • Knowledge base: a collection of rules or other information structures derived from the human expert
80
Q

how do expert systems work?

A

the user is asked a series of questions and on the basis of their answer, the expert system can arrive at an answer/diagnosis

81
Q

what are the software languages found in expert systems?

A

-PROLOG -ASPRIN

82
Q

what are the medical uses of expert systems?

A

MYCIN- uses patients blood tests and results which save having to grow cultures and waiting for results NEOMYCIN- trains doctors

83
Q

what are the advantages of expert systems?

A

-a computer can store far more information than a doctor’s brain -the computer will not forget or make mistakes and will remember obscure cases of for example heart disease,-the expert system is available 24/7 unlike a doctor -some people actually prefer ‘talking’ to a computer rather than get embarrassed talking to a GP -cheaper to keep updating computers rather than re-training doctors -gives more time for the doctor to deal with other patients with more serious cases -they provide patients with a second opinion

84
Q

what are the disadvantages of expert systems?

A

-expert systems cost a lot of money to buy an actually set them up -some people don’t like speaking to computer and would prefer to speak to a real life doctor -expert systems lack personal contact; no human touch -they are dependant on the correct data being input, if incorrect data is input or the rules are wrong, incorrect information will be produced (GIGO)-have no common sense and can make absurd errors e.g diagnosing incorrect dosage for someone whose weight and height have been accidentally been input the wrong way round

85
Q

give a description of games in home entertainment

A

via disk or online gaming; needs fast processing speed

86
Q

what are the advantages of games in home entertainment?

A

-play with people all over the world -enhance real life experiences -team building skills

87
Q

what are the disadvantages of game in home entertainment?

A

-addiction -social isolation -school work affected -incitement to violence (anti-social behaviour)

88
Q

give a description of photography in home entertainment

A

taking many pictures but keeping/printing out the ones you want

89
Q

what are the advantages of photography in home entertainment?

A

-only pay/ print out the better ones -can digitally edit and enhance photos -variety of ways to display/distribute them e.g online, on a TV screen, e-books

90
Q

what are the disadvantages of photography in home entertainment?

A

-cyber bullying issues (e.g changing a photo to make someone look silly, filming fights and uploading them)

91
Q

give a description of music in home entertainment

A

MP3 -listen to 1000s of track on a portable device Music Downloads-allows you to select only the tracks that you want Music Composition -using instruments such as electron keyboard

92
Q

what are the advantages of music in home entertainment?

A

MP3-you can listen to favourite music wherever Music Downloads -saves money on buying whole albums Music composition -allows experimentation

93
Q

what is the disadvantages of music in home entertainment?

A

MP3 -lack of attention causes accidents and muggings Music Downloads -copyright issues/ illegal downloads -music shop closing down Music compositions -cost of purchasing equipment

94
Q

give a description of Interactive TV in home entertainment

A

larger choice of channels and services such as; -teleshopping-email

95
Q

what are the advantages of interactive TV in home entertainment?

A

-on demand/anytime -can set parental controls

96
Q

what is the disadvantages of interactive TV in home entertainment?

A

-closure of DVD shops -addiction -increased costs (monthly subscription)-subscription -social isolation

97
Q

give a description of social networking/blogging/tweeting in home entertainment

A

Generally free sites have to create accounts and email have to accept advertising

98
Q

what is the advantages of social networking in home entertainment?

A

-keep in touch -make views know/join debates -cheap way to advertise own service -and company

99
Q

what is the disadvantages of social networking in home entertainment?

A

-identify theft -grooming -empowered the rioters -potential employers seeing unsuitable photos -pop ups spreading viruses -pornographic material

100
Q

give a description of mobile devices in home entertainment

A

services available include;-text messages -voicemail -alarm clock/time -reminders/ to do lists -change ring tone -display photos on screen -radio -tv -internet -GPS locator

101
Q

what is the advantages of mobile devices in home entertainment?

A
  • use anywhere there is signal -can find your location if lost
102
Q

what is the disadvantages of mobile devices in home entertainment?

A

-no service -no battery/ run out of credit -fined if used when driving -run up large phone bills -risk of expensive equipment being stolen -potential radiation

103
Q

what is RSI? how is caused and what are the consequences?

A

-repetitive strain injury

caused by;

  • using joy stick repeatedly
  • playing too many games
  • texting

consequence
-damage to joints and muscles

104
Q

how is eyestrain caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?

A

caused by;
many hours on social media

expansion;
especially on small mobile phone screens

105
Q

how is backache caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?

A

caused by;
incorrect posture

expansion;
you can use adjustable chairs

106
Q

how is obesity caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?

A

caused by;
sedentary nature

consequence
-the person does not get enough exercise which can lead to heart problems

107
Q

how is physical injury caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?

A

caused by;
-grooming

consequence

  • come in contact with paedophiles
  • people pretend to be someone else and end up arranging a meeting
108
Q

how is addiction caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?

A

caused by;
-gaming

consequence

  • affects work
  • social isolation
109
Q

how is depression caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?

A

caused by;
-cyber bullying

consequence

  • commit suicide
  • become socially isolated
110
Q

how is eyestrain caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?

A

caused by;
-inappropriate material

consequence
-young children could come across material such as hard pornography or violent scenes and games

111
Q

what is CAD?

A

computer aided design

I.T AS (5 decks)

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