IT1 Section A: Uses of ICT Flashcards
(111 cards)
1
Q
what is CAM?
A
computer aided manufacturing
2
Q
what are the features of CAD/CAM?
A
- zoom
- 3D and 2D
- rotation
- shading
- layering
- walk through
- costing
- hatching/rendering
3
Q
explain the technique hatching/hindering in CAD/CAM
A
allows the architect to try out different finishes on the building and then choose the best one
4
Q
explain the technique wire drawing in CAD/CAM
A
wire drawings allows rapid previewing. They are just an outline design that requires less processing to display
5
Q
explain the technique walk through in CAD/CAM
A
allows the architect to see what the inside of the building will look like
6
Q
explain the technique rotate in CAD/CAM
A
allows the architect to see the design from all angles
7
Q
explain the technique zoom in CAD/CAM
A
allows the architect to see the design in fine detail
8
Q
explain the technique stress/ strain in CAD/CAM
A
allows the architect to see if the design of the building is safe before it is built
9
Q
explain the technique costings in CAD/CAM
A
allows a database of prices of materials to be createdthen the designer can use the software to work out the cost of the different options
10
Q
what are the examples of CAD?
A
- producing kitchen or bathroom designs
- producing designs for a component
- architects designing buildings
- gardeners designing gardens
11
Q
what are the examples of CAM?
A
- manufactures Components used in car engines/ gear boxes (Vauxhalls)
- manufactures double glazed Windows and conservatories
12
Q
what is the advantage of CAD/CAM?
A
- can be more accurate than hand drawing, reducing human errors
- you can edit ideas which makes it cheaper and easier to modify your design as you go along
- designs can be sent else where in an instant
- a section of design can be copied and pasted many times
- can be zoomed in for more detailed sections
13
Q
what is the disadvantage of CAD/CAM?
A
- software can be expensive, so initial cost is high
- staff need to be trained on how to use the software which will add to the cost
- requires a powerful pc and a large monitor
14
Q
explain the relationship between CAD and CAM
A
CAD designs an object using a computer and CAM makes the object using a computer guided machine
15
Q
what are the different types of payment method?
A
- EFT
- using online banking
16
Q
what are the main parts of e-commerce?
A
- catalogue of products which you can search linked to the stock control
- shopping cart/basket
- checkout
- payment
17
Q
What are the advantages of E-commerce?
A
Customer
- always accessible, 24/7
- you can search the facilities
Company
- the company creates a global marketplace
- it gives the company a competitive edge
- can help to gather customer information
- it is easy to update
- low start-up and running cost
18
Q
what are the disadvantages of e-commerce?
A
customer;
- lack of interaction with people
- security problems
- lack of exercise
company
- unemployment
- lack of customer trust
- problems with international legislation
- goods bought abroad so the profits stay abroad
- security problems
19
Q
what does EFT stand for and what does it mean?
A
- stands for Electronic Funds Transfer
- it means moving money electronically from one account to another
20
Q
what does EPOS stand for and what does it mean?
A
- stands for Electronic at Point of Sale
- this is the hardware and software needed to automate the checkout process
21
Q
what happens at EPOS? (describe the process)
A
- the barcode is scanned
- the product code is matched with the store database
- the price of the item is returned to the POS and dispatched on the screen
- one product item is deducted from the stock database
- the number of stock is compared to the reorder level
- an automatic re-order is placed
- the EPOS will produce a printed, itemised bill
22
Q
what are the benefits of using EPOS/EFTPOS?
A
company
- less need for physical security as the company does not have to carry around much cash
- enables better management statistics
- The money is taken straight out of the customer’s account so the company is guaranteed it
customer
- provides a variety of different payment methods
- gives the customer other services i.e cash back, top up phone
23
Q
what are barcodes?
A
a barcode is a series of light and dark bars of differing widths, with a number printed underneath
24
Q
what are the advantages of using barcodes?
A
- makes it faster to enter data because the reader can use any angle
- it makes data input more accurate as there are no typing errors
- low printing cost as there is no need to print price tags for all products
- staff are free to carry out other tasks as they are needed to manually price goods
25
what are the disadvantages of using barcodes?
- barcodes can only be used for the input of numbers, nothing else
- the actual equipment needed to read and store the barcodes can be expensive
- if the barcode is corrupted this could cause queues and delays
26
what are the other methods of data entry?
- Hand held input devices
- magnetic strip readers
- chip and PIN readers
27
why is automatic stock control used?
Manages stock, to minimise the amount of stock which is held
28
what are the features of automatic stock control?
- maintains adequate stock to meet demand
- reorders goods automatically
- monitors and adjusts stock levels
- produces stock valuations
- provides management information
29
describe the procedure of just in time stock control
- the barcode is scanned and matched with the one stored on the stock database
- one item is deducted from the stock database
- the new stock level is checked against ten reorder level
- if it is below the reorder level, an automatic request is sent to the supplier
- the new stock is delivered
- finally the stock database is now updated
30
what are the advantages of Just-In-Time stock control?
- less storage space is required as not as much stock is held
- the store is able to respond quickly to changing customer demands as orders are placed automatically
- the store will find it easier to deal with lots of small deliveries rather than one big ones and it will require less staff
- the store should not run out of fast selling items
- the store should not have too many out of date stock, which will reduce waste
31
what are the disadvantages of Just in Time Stock Control?
- this type od stock control system is expensive to initially set up -the store may require more admin staff to deal with the ordering an paperwork produced by this system
- true stock level may differ slightly due to shop lifting, wastage etc.
- if there is a disruption to transport, this will affect the store's stock
- although they can respond to different customer demands, they will struggle to respond to unusual demands
32
describe what loyalty cards are
identify the card holder as a member in a shop's loyalty program
33
what are the advantages of loyalty cards to the supermarket?
- allows the supermarket to gather shopping habits of their customers and then target them with offers
- keeps customers going back to the store
- gives the shop much better statistics in trends
- can sell data on
34
What does CAL stand for, describe it and list what features are involved
Computer Assisted Learning
-a range of packages that allow student to study using a computer system, either at home or in the classroom
contains;
- tutuorials
- animations, colour, sound
- quizzes with instant feedback
- games
35
what are the advantages of CAL?
- pupils can work at their own pace
- good for people with learning difficulties (customisation)
- pupils can gauge their own progress; get instant feedback; get work automatically marked
- there are engaging screens (colour, animation, sound, video)
- available at any time
- can revisit when you need to
- Have flexibility as to where and when you work (e,g car, home, out walking, work)
- can access material using different hardware (e.g mobile phone, tablet, computer, MP3 player)
36
-what are the disadvantages of CAL?
- lack of personal support (close at hand); no peer interaction
- cost of software/specialist hardware
- no collaborative learning
37
what is CAD?
computer aided design
37
What does CBT stand for? Describe what it is and what it is used for
- stands for Computer Bases Training
- using a computer interactively for training usually on a person's occupation
Used for;
- health and safety training
- how to perform a particular job
- induction courses
- flight simulation courses
- how to use a particular software
38
What are of the advantages of CBT?
- less dangerous
| - cost effective
39
What are the disadvantages of CBT?
-can be expensive as cost of installation and maintenance can be high
40
What is distance learning and what are the features?
Where the provide is located away from the learner
- allows student to take courses which are not viable to run in their school/college
- often uses video conferencing (for classes and lectures), email (to send and receive work), chat rooms (to interact with the teacher)
- the learning takes place in another location or the teaching
41
What are the advantages of distance learning?
-You don't have to be in the same location as the teacher so pupils who are ill can keep up
-students don't have to travel so they can work at home. This will empower the disabled
-can access more courses/ access courses which are not available to your school
-flexibility of time
-classes can run with a small amount of pupils
Potentially cost saving to the school
42
What are the disadvantages of distance learning?
- cost implication of installation
- lack of personal support; no peer interaction
- pupils must be self motivated to achieve their goals
- need the equipment at home
- diminishes literacy (texting)
43
What is video conferencing? And what is it used for?
```
Allows two or more people in different locations to see and talk with each other
It is used for;
Distance learning
Conferences for school
Virtual trips
Collaborative work
```
44
What is online learning/ e-learning
```
Online multimedia products used to teach a particular subject
E.g
GCSE and a level
Degree courses
Language courses
Professional qualification
Jon based courses
```
45
What are the advantages of online learning?
- work at own pace
- no teacher judgement
- immediate feedback
- no set lesson times
- can fit around other commitments
- wide range of subjects
46
What are the disadvantages of online learning/ E-learning?
- no social side
- expensive
- isolation
- need to be motivated and have self control
47
What does VLE stand for, describe it and state the features
```
Virtual Learning Environment
-software that allows students and teacher to interact online. It does not replace the contact in the class room
```
Features in the class room:
- access to course material and learning resources
- teachers can track student progress
- teachers can provide feedback on student process
- can communicate with other students
48
What is OMR?
Teachers are given an OMR form with class lists each week
They put a black marks whether present or absent
Form is read by a computer and absent list is produced
Teacher marks the reason for absence in the correct space on the OMR form
49
What are radio tags?
As pupils enter a classroom the PC detects their presence from the tag and adds the information to the central register
50
What are smart cards?
Each pupil has their own smart/swipe card
Which the swipe through a computer at the beginning of registration and every lesson
This data I sent to the office either by wireless or file transfer
51
What is biometrics?
Each pupil as they enter the classroom they place their thumb on the finger print reader
This data is sent electronically to the office
52
What is admin software on PC/laptop/tablet/phone
Teachers take the register on their machines and the information is transferred electronically to the server
53
What are the advantages of school registration using ict?
- saves teachers/teaching time
- improved attendance
- easier to spot absence patterns
- tracking can cut down internal truancy
- automatic creation of statistics
- know which pupils are on or late
- multiple access points to the data
54
What are disadvantages of school registration using ict
Swipe cards- pupils might swipe their friends cards into a lesson, as the teacher has not checked since they've relied on the machine to do it
biometric- cost of maintenance and repair is high
OMR- cannot be done sensibly every lesson as too much labour if involved/ paper is easily damaged
Radio tags- communication failure can mean that no lists are available
55
What is student record keeping? What does it include?
```
Information on pupils kept in a large database
Includes:
Up to date information
Support decision making
Tackle truancy effectively
Plan time tables
```
56
What else can ict be used for in learning
- chatrooms
- revision programs
- authoring software (creating melted edit product)
- interactive whiteboards
- Internet
- intranet
- word
- spread sheet
57
What does EDI stand for?
Electronic data interchange
58
What does EAS stand for
Electronic application system
60
How is EDI use in schools for exams and uni applications
- schools enter pupils for exams using EDI
- files sent to exam board with candidate numbers and entrant name etc
- results are sent back (encrypted) where they are imported into school database, then printed out for students
60
What do sensors do?
```
They record data automatically
Can be analogue or digital
Newborn babies have fitted sensors
In ICU p, data measured by sensors include
-temp
-pulse
-blood sugar
-resp rate
-blood pressure
```
61
How is EAS used in schools for exams and uni applications
-UCAS application are made using EAS
-student completes, teacher reference completed
UCAS send to the universities.
62
What are the advantages scanning devices?
- scans allow accurate diagnosis without the need for surgery
- they can lead to faster recovery
- they can remove the danger of post operative infections
- prepare surgeons for surgery, they know what they are going to find before they cut open the body
63
What are the disadvantages of sensors?
They do need regular calibration to check their accuracy
66
What are the disadvantages of scanning devices?
- very expensive to purchase and run/maintain
- MRI scans can be claustrophobic
- scanners pose some health risks as there is an exposure to radiation so increased risk of cancer
- patients with pace makers or metallic limbs cannot do through scanners
- they can be post code lottery
67
What are limitations of scanning devices
- limited bandwidth
- life support malfunctions
- ethical problems
- very expensive equipment
68
What is EPR? Give the advantages
Electronic patient record keeping
- can view on any terminal
- consistency because one set of data
- improved security
- easy to back up
- no need to transfer records
- information available instantly
69
What are the future developments of health and ict
- performing scans at home
- computers to process as well as collect data
- managing drugs
- diabetics
70
What is blood barcoding and tracking?
Blood bar coding allows the tracking of blood from its donation to its use
A bracelet is with a barcode is some by a patient and this is matched with a barcode on a blood bag
71
What are the advantage of blood bar coding?
- a patient can be tracked if they are given bad blood (CJD, hepatitis etc)
- there is better stick control of the blood
- this procedure make sure the patient gets the right type of blood
72
What are the disadvantages of blood bar coding?
Damaged bar codes can cause delays
73
What are the advantages of sensors?
- using sensors allows 24/7 monitoring of patients
- if there is a problem an alarm will sound
- frees up staff to do other tasks as they do not have to deal with one patient constantly
- sensors will record accurate reading
- reading can show trends in symptoms
- newborn babies with wrist bands are prevented from being take from a ward
74
What are the different type of scanning devices?
MRI
used to check for tumours, examining the heart, joints and spine, liver or kidney function
Uses a combo of magnetism and radio waves and computer to show body structure
CAT
pinpoint cancer, head injuries, osteoporosis
Sends our several X-Ray beams at different angles producing 3D model of patients bones and organs
PET
Help to diagnose and stage cancer
-produced 3D image of functional processes in the body (how body tissues are working)
74
In medical what is the internet used for?
-send emails -communicate with patients through website -research -patient communicate with family -send info on lab tests or x-rays to doctor -intranet-only hospital staff are allowed access -extranet- suppliers, other agencies and GPs can access
75
what is the difference between intranet and extranet in medical?
intranet-only hospital staff are allowed access -extranet- suppliers, other agencies and GPs can access
76
what is the use of distribute medical databases?
-information is spread over two or more servers -security can be improved -speed of access is improved
77
what are the future developments of EPR?
-the NHS national database -The electronic prescription service -patient identification
78
what is an expert system?
an ICT system that emulates the decision making ability of a human expert
79
what are the three components that are needed for an expert system? UIK
- user interface: is the method by which the expert system interacts with a user
- inference engine: the main processing element of the expert system/applying rules to the system or situation.
- Knowledge base: a collection of rules or other information structures derived from the human expert
80
how do expert systems work?
the user is asked a series of questions and on the basis of their answer, the expert system can arrive at an answer/diagnosis
81
what are the software languages found in expert systems?
-PROLOG -ASPRIN
82
what are the medical uses of expert systems?
MYCIN- uses patients blood tests and results which save having to grow cultures and waiting for results NEOMYCIN- trains doctors
83
what are the advantages of expert systems?
-a computer can store far more information than a doctor's brain -the computer will not forget or make mistakes and will remember obscure cases of for example heart disease,-the expert system is available 24/7 unlike a doctor -some people actually prefer 'talking' to a computer rather than get embarrassed talking to a GP -cheaper to keep updating computers rather than re-training doctors -gives more time for the doctor to deal with other patients with more serious cases -they provide patients with a second opinion
84
what are the disadvantages of expert systems?
-expert systems cost a lot of money to buy an actually set them up -some people don't like speaking to computer and would prefer to speak to a real life doctor -expert systems lack personal contact; no human touch -they are dependant on the correct data being input, if incorrect data is input or the rules are wrong, incorrect information will be produced (GIGO)-have no common sense and can make absurd errors e.g diagnosing incorrect dosage for someone whose weight and height have been accidentally been input the wrong way round
85
give a description of games in home entertainment
via disk or online gaming; needs fast processing speed
86
what are the advantages of games in home entertainment?
-play with people all over the world -enhance real life experiences -team building skills
87
what are the disadvantages of game in home entertainment?
-addiction -social isolation -school work affected -incitement to violence (anti-social behaviour)
88
give a description of photography in home entertainment
taking many pictures but keeping/printing out the ones you want
89
what are the advantages of photography in home entertainment?
-only pay/ print out the better ones -can digitally edit and enhance photos -variety of ways to display/distribute them e.g online, on a TV screen, e-books
90
what are the disadvantages of photography in home entertainment?
-cyber bullying issues (e.g changing a photo to make someone look silly, filming fights and uploading them)
91
give a description of music in home entertainment
MP3 -listen to 1000s of track on a portable device Music Downloads-allows you to select only the tracks that you want Music Composition -using instruments such as electron keyboard
92
what are the advantages of music in home entertainment?
MP3-you can listen to favourite music wherever Music Downloads -saves money on buying whole albums Music composition -allows experimentation
93
what is the disadvantages of music in home entertainment?
MP3 -lack of attention causes accidents and muggings Music Downloads -copyright issues/ illegal downloads -music shop closing down Music compositions -cost of purchasing equipment
94
give a description of Interactive TV in home entertainment
larger choice of channels and services such as; -teleshopping-email
95
what are the advantages of interactive TV in home entertainment?
-on demand/anytime -can set parental controls
96
what is the disadvantages of interactive TV in home entertainment?
-closure of DVD shops -addiction -increased costs (monthly subscription)-subscription -social isolation
97
give a description of social networking/blogging/tweeting in home entertainment
Generally free sites have to create accounts and email have to accept advertising
98
what is the advantages of social networking in home entertainment?
-keep in touch -make views know/join debates -cheap way to advertise own service -and company
99
what is the disadvantages of social networking in home entertainment?
-identify theft -grooming -empowered the rioters -potential employers seeing unsuitable photos -pop ups spreading viruses -pornographic material
100
give a description of mobile devices in home entertainment
services available include;-text messages -voicemail -alarm clock/time -reminders/ to do lists -change ring tone -display photos on screen -radio -tv -internet -GPS locator
101
what is the advantages of mobile devices in home entertainment?
- use anywhere there is signal -can find your location if lost
102
what is the disadvantages of mobile devices in home entertainment?
-no service -no battery/ run out of credit -fined if used when driving -run up large phone bills -risk of expensive equipment being stolen -potential radiation
103
what is RSI? how is caused and what are the consequences?
-repetitive strain injury
caused by;
- using joy stick repeatedly
- playing too many games
- texting
consequence
-damage to joints and muscles
104
how is eyestrain caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?
caused by;
many hours on social media
expansion;
especially on small mobile phone screens
105
how is backache caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?
caused by;
incorrect posture
expansion;
you can use adjustable chairs
106
how is obesity caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?
caused by;
sedentary nature
consequence
-the person does not get enough exercise which can lead to heart problems
107
how is physical injury caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?
caused by;
-grooming
consequence
- come in contact with paedophiles
- people pretend to be someone else and end up arranging a meeting
108
how is addiction caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?
caused by;
-gaming
consequence
- affects work
- social isolation
109
how is depression caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?
caused by;
-cyber bullying
consequence
- commit suicide
- become socially isolated
110
how is eyestrain caused in ict in the home and what are the consequences?
caused by;
-inappropriate material
consequence
-young children could come across material such as hard pornography or violent scenes and games
111
what is CAD?
computer aided design
