Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

I.T AS > IT1 Section A: Networks - Database systems > Flashcards

IT1 Section A: Networks - Database systems Flashcards

1
Q

what does a computer network consists of?

A
  • a computer network consists of two or more computers and peripherals that are linked together
  • peripherals= printers, scanners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a standalone computer?

A

-a standalone computer is not part of a network and can only access data files that are stored on that computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

can be data be shared or not shared on a network computer?

A

-data can be shared on a network computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of a network computer?

A

Advantages

  • hardware can be shared
  • software can be shared
  • data can be shared
  • there is improved communications between users
  • improved security
  • central backup

Disadvantages

  • purchasing the network cabling and file servers can be expensive
  • viruses can spread to other computer throughout a computer network
  • danger of hacking so procedures are needed to prevent it such as firewalls
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the advantages of standalone computers?

A
  • fewer hardware requirements (don’t need as much cables, routers, gateways)
  • reliability of performance
  • security (as it’s not as susceptible to virus)
  • less ict knowledge required
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the two types of networks?

A
  • LAN

- WAN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe and state what LAN stands for

A
  • LAN (local area network)

- restricted to one room or building; connected via dedicated cables (although can be wireless)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe and state what WAN stands for

A
  • WAN stands for Wide Area Network
  • spread over a wide geographical area; linked via public telecom systems such as telephone lines satellite link and microwave signals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

give examples of WANS

A
  • booking systems
  • home banking
  • bank ATMs
  • National Lottery
  • E-mail
  • Stock Control
  • the internet is a very large WAN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the internet?

A

-the internet (international network) is a very large number of computer networks that are linked together via telecom systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

A

-the WWW is a vast collection of pages in multimedia form held on the internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the uses of internet?

A
  • communicate quickly each other via VoIP (skype) and email
  • share data
  • use browser software to access web pages
  • search for information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the advantages and disadvantages of the internet?

A

Advantages

  • easy communication with other people
  • a vast amount of information can be accessed
  • publishing documents on the internet saves paper
  • enables more people to work from home using a computer networks (teleworking)

Disadvantages

  • much of the information isn’t checked and may be incorrect or irrelevant
  • too much time spent on the internet could result in a lack of face-to-face interaction with others and loss of social skills
  • you’re at risk of hackers or viruses damaging your computer when you go online
  • large telephone bills can easily be run up
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the developments of the internet?

A
  • email
  • videoconferencing
  • E-commerce
  • Web Publishing
  • Broadcasting
  • Downloading
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how can you access the internet?

A
  • a browser is needed to access the internet e.g Safari, Internet Explorer
  • you need an internet service provider (ISP) to connect to the internet, e.g Sky, BT, AOL
  • the ISP normally provides an email address and a limited amount of web space.
  • the ISP provides users with a software package that needs installing on their computer, sometimes have filters.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is e-mail

A

Electronic Mail

to enable the sending and receipt of electronic mail anywhere in the world for the same cost as accessing the internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the benefits of email?

A

-it is an accurate transcript of an exchange
-it is instant
-emails can be sent to on person or several people at once
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the disadvantages of email?

A
  • you can get spam- unsolicited email i.e junk mail
  • can be abrupt
  • overuse can lead to a lack of social interaction
  • the recipient needs access to the internet to receive email
  • viruses are easily spread via email attachments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is FTP and what is the purpose of it?

A

File Transfer Protocol

- a standard set of rules to enable exchange of files over the internet (e.g downloading)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a search engines

A
  • a program that searches for pages on the WWW that have a keyword the user has specified e.g Google
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is intranet? give an example and what are the benefits?

A

-a private internet/ closed network only accessible within the organisation

benefits:
(for a hospital) allows consultants to access privileged info from home
-allowers users to access med info that staff can not have
-reduces paper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is extranet? give an example

A
  • An intranet that is partially accessible to people outside of a company who must be authorised (e.g suppliers, customers) who still need a user name and password
    e. g suppliers, customers etc. who still need a user name and password so they cans see their items and tracking details of items.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a forum/newsgroup?

A

an online discussion group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is a chat room?

A

a chat room is where a number of users communicate about a certain topic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what do HCIs allow users to do?

A

HCIs allow the user to tell the computer what to do and the computer to interact with the user by giving them a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what things have to be taken into account in the making of HCIs? expand on each factor

A

TASK- CAD (fast processing), Primary school (animations), Computer game (high def graphics)
USER EXPERIENCE- more experienced users what less key strokes, beginners need more
USER PREFERENCE- pull down menus; icons, commands
RESOURCES- more sophisticated HCIs require large processing power and memory
USER NEEDS- disabilities; poor eye sight etc.
ENVIRONMENT OF USE- where are they e.g on the go, in a factory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the types of HCIs?

A
  • Command Line interface
  • Graphical User Interface
  • Voice Interface
  • Graphic Devices
  • Game Playing Devices
  • Touch Sensitive Screens
  • Biometric Devices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

state the uses of Command Line interface

A
  • expert using it to find information on network/system configuration
  • writing small batch files (in DOS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

state the advantages of Command line interface

A
  • fast to execute (run)
  • don’t have to go through the menu system/ faster to enter commands
  • need very little overheads (memory/processor)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

state the disadvantages of command line interface

A
  • need to know the commands

- can run slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

state the uses of Graphical User Interface

A
  • for a primary school child using a maths program
  • setting up a profile on a games console
  • customising a desktop application
  • uses WIMP (windows, icons, menus and pointers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

state the advantages of graphical user interface

A
  • makes the operation of the computer as user friendly as possible by using a high resolution graphics and pointers
  • instead of typing in commands you enter them by pointing and clicking
  • fun to use
  • colourful and engaging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

state the disadvantages of graphical user interface

A
  • needs a powerful processor

- can run slowly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

state the uses of touch sensitive devices

A
  • in museums to allow children to gather information
  • in shops to enter info at POS mobile phones to dial or display information
  • buying tickets at railway stations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

state the advantages of touch sensitive devices

A
  • saves having to type, quicker to enter information as it may be in a fixed list of options
  • empowering for the disabled people who may have physical disability as there is no need for a mouse and keyboard
  • used in hostile environments because keyboards can get sticky
  • frees staff to do other jobs
36
Q

state the disadvantages of touch sensitive devices

A
  • might not have all the options
  • the screens could get dirty or damaged
  • screens require recalibration
37
Q

state the uses of Voice interface

A
  • student dictating an essay directly into word processing software
  • mobile phones e.g to dial the phone number of a contact
  • control systems e.g to control the lights in a room
  • security systems e.g to allow entry
  • in car navigation systems e.g to plan route
38
Q

state the advantages of voice interface

A
  • quicker than typing
  • allows people to enter text directly into a computer without using a keyboard
  • can perform complicated tasks by dictation
  • can empower the disabled
  • uniqueness of voice print cannot be used by others q
39
Q

state the disadvantages of voice interface

A
  • have to speak slowly
  • interference from background noise
  • colds, soar throats may affect voice
  • takes time to train the system
  • similar words (homonyms) may be confused e.g to, too, two
40
Q

state the uses of biometric devices

A
  • retina scan
  • Iris recognition to gain access to room, facial recognition at airports for identity
  • thumbprints used for school registration systems
41
Q

state the advantages of biometric devices

A
  • accuracy

- unlike smart cards you cant easily lose a finger, eye etc.

42
Q

state the disadvantages of biometric devices

A
  • equipment is very expensive to buy
  • ethical issues about schools storing biometric data
  • potential misuse for biometric data e.g a staff’s dna profile could also be used to screen for various genetic diseases or other ‘undesirable traits’.
43
Q

State the uses of Game playing devices

A
  • joysticks to control a plane in a flight stimulator
  • steering wheels to control a stimulation of a car
  • line of motion sensors (camera tracking motion) could be used in racing
  • virtual reality interface can be used in games
  • Omni directional treadmill
44
Q

state the advantages of game playing devices

A
  • saves having to type, quicker to enter information/fixed list of options
  • greater realism in the game playing/ more interactive
  • greater accuracy/ sensitivity/ complexity in the movement
  • aids fitness
45
Q

state the disadvantages of game playing devices

A
  • some people find the joysticks, controllers etc. more difficult to control than a traditional mouse
  • some devices are not particularly robust and can break easily if too much force is used on them
46
Q

State the Uses of Graphic devices

A
  • often used by graphics designers and illustrators
  • consists of a flat pad (the tablet) on which you ‘draw’ with a special pen
  • as you draw on the pad an image is created on the computer monitor from within the application that the tablet is connected to
47
Q

state the advantages of graphic devices

A
  • it is much more natural to draw diagram with a pencil type implement (the stylus) rather than with a mouse
  • a great level of accuracy can be achieved
48
Q

state the disadvantages of graphic devices

A
  • not really suitable for general selection work such as pointing and clicking on menu items
  • graphics tablets are much more expensive than a mouse
49
Q

what legal requirement was created that was required for employers to use?

A

the health and safety (display screen equipment) regulations of 1992 made it a legal requirement for employers to protect the health of workers using computers

50
Q

what is RSI? what are the causes and what are the remedies?

A

RSI is repetitive strain injury
Causes:
-Using a keyboard which means hands are positioned at an awkward angle
-sitting for long periods at poorly organised workstation
-squeezing a mouse over long periods

Remedies:

  • use ergonomic keyboards
  • wrist supports
  • regular breaks
51
Q

what are the causes and what are the remedies of eye strain?

A

Causes:

  • looking at the screen for a long time
  • poorly sited screen
  • wrong lighting in a room

Remedies:

  • non-flickering screens and screen filters
  • appropriate blinds
  • eye tests
  • eye line level with top of the screen
  • regular breaks
52
Q

what are the causes and what are the remedies of back problems?

A

Causes:

  • incorrect height of chair
  • sitting for long periods

Remedies:

  • ergonomic
  • height adjustable swivel chair
  • document holders
  • tilt and turn screens
  • regular breaks
53
Q

what are the causes and what are the remedies of stress?

A

Causes:

  • inappropriate HCI
  • hardware failure
  • slow response time

Remedies:

  • training
  • well designed software
  • appropriate hardware
54
Q

what is ELF radiation? what are the causes and remedies?

A

ELF radiation stands for extremely low frequency
Causes:
-but monitors emitting radiation causing abnormal pregnancies
-miscarriages

Remedies:

  • low emission monitors
  • screen filters
55
Q

what is the Code of practice?

A

a behaviour code for ICT users describing their responsibilities, rules for maintaining security and the penalty for misuse.

56
Q

give examples of the responsibilities found in the code of practice

A

-relating to use of hardware and software data

57
Q

give examples of the rules found in the code of practice

A
  • only use your own user ID

- how often passwords should be changed

58
Q

state the penalties found in the code of practice

A
  • Verbal Warning
  • Written Warning
  • Dismissal
  • Prosecution
59
Q

what is the Computer Misuse Act of 1990 and what sort of crimes were made under this act?

A

-Act that aims to protect computer users against malicious vandalism and information theft.

Crimes made under this act were:

  • Hacking
  • knowingly spreading viruses
60
Q

what are the three sections in the Computer Misuse Act of 1990? give examples and the penalties given for each

A

1.) Unauthorised access to computer material
-trying to access programs or data without permission and trying to guess password
e.g a student gains access to another student’s area
Penalty: max. six months prison and £5000 fine

2.) Unauthorised access with internet to commit or allow further offences
-accessing a computer system wanting to commit fraud or blackmail
e.g breaking into a computer system to find out secret information that could be used for fraud
Penalty: max. five years prison

3.) Unauthorised modification of computer material
-altering data or programs within a computer deliberately
e.g changing the balance of a bank account/ changing examination marks
Penalty: max. five years prison

61
Q

what does the Data Protection Act 1998 cover?

A
  • covers personal data that is collected by companies
  • organisations must declare to the information commissioner what data they are collecting, why they are collecting it and abide by the DPA ‘principles’
62
Q

who are Data subjects?

A

people whose data is being collected that have rights

63
Q

who are data controllers?

A

people who process personal data within a company that must follow good information handling practices

64
Q

what principles do the Data Protection Act include?

A
  • data must be lawfully processed
  • data must be processed for registered purposes
  • data must be adequate, relevant and not excessive
  • data must be accurate and up to date
  • data must not be kept longer than is necessary
  • data must be processed in line with the data’s subject’s rights
  • data must be kept secure
  • data must not be transferred to countries without adequate protection
65
Q

what exemptions does the Data Protection Act include?

A
  • national security
  • crime detection and prevention
  • tax collection
  • household affairs
66
Q

what does the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988 cover? what things does it say is illegal to do?

A

-Covers the rights of authors, musicians

It is illegal to

  • Copy Software (pirate)
  • sell or distribute copies of software
  • Adapt software
  • Transmit software
67
Q

what must you have to be exempted from the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act and what is the penalty of committing a crime under the act?

A

-You have to have a licence

Penalty: unlimited fine and two years imprisonment

68
Q

what is meant by a computer crime? give examples

A

this is an illegal act6 that has been committed using a computer

e. g
- theft of money/information/ goods using a computer
- using false identification to obtain a loan

69
Q

what is meant by the term Malpractice? give examples

A

this is negligent or improper professional behaviour, breaking the company rules.

e. g
- excessive personal use of a computer
- wasting time on the internet
- accessing inappropriate sites

70
Q

what is a virus?

A
  • program written with the sole purpose of infecting computer systems
  • they cause damage to a computer’s hard disk and is spread through email or removable storage devices. It is hidden and automatic
71
Q

what is a worm?

A

a type of program that copies itself e.g use up all the memory and close the pc

72
Q

what is a Trojan horse?

A

-looks like a innocent program (maybe to remove a virus) but when downloaded introduces another virus.

73
Q

what is a database?

A

a collection of data items with links between them

74
Q

what is a flat file database?

A

one table of data

75
Q

what is a relational database?

A

many tables of data which are linked together via primary and foreign keys

76
Q

what is the problem with flat files?

A
  • data is duplicated

- data is inconsistent

77
Q

what are the advantages of relational databases?

A
  • data independence
  • data consistency
  • no data redundancy (no duplicated data)
  • greater data integrity (greater data correctness)
78
Q

what are the disadvantages of relational databases?

A
  • more complex and costly to build
  • users will need training to use it
  • greater security issues can arise (because there are lots of different users)
79
Q

describe what a database is made up of?

A
  • a database is made up of records
  • each record has fields
  • each field has a data type
  • fields can be coded to reduce space and speed up data entry
  • a database allows validation checks
  • each record has a key field (unique identifier)
80
Q

what are the different types of access rights-hierarchy of passwords in database security?

A
  • Full access
  • read/write
  • read only
  • no access
81
Q

what is meant by the term access rights?

A

-restrictions to a user’s access to only those files needed in order to perform their job

82
Q

state the definition for password

A

-a series of characters which need to be typed in before access to certain ICT resources is allowed

83
Q

what is a query? (include benefit for a hospital)

A
  • when you interrogate (search) a database to find some information
  • a query could be used to look for patients who have appointments the following week so a letter of reminder can be sent to them
84
Q

what is report? (include benefit for a hospital)

A
  • the output from a database in which the results are presented in a way that is controlled by the user
  • a consultant can show treatment has bee effective by displaying the results in graphical form
85
Q

what is meant by import/export? (include benefit for a hospital)

A
  • transferring data from one piece of software to another

- merging names and addresses into a word processing program to produce appointment letters

86
Q

what is speech synthesis?

A

-computers that produce human like speech

I.T AS (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions