IT Business Flashcards
Blank is a system of processes that ensures the effective and efficient use of IT to enable an organization to achieve its business goals
IT governance
Due to their reliance on technology and data, many companies are known as what?
Digital enterprises
Supporting any technology used to assist solving business problems is what?
Organizational function of IT
What are the five different domains IT covers?
1) Communication
2) data collection and management
3) Information security management
4) consumer relationship management
5) process improvement
What tracks an d organizes every interaction a company has with current and potential customers?
Customer relationship management system (CRM)
What IT job sets up, maintains and monitors the hardware and software that support the networking components of a computer system?
Network administrators
What IT role sets up, maintains and monitors devices that support business operations
System administrator
What OT role controls the customer facing content of an org’s website and intranet?
Web administrators
Who configures and troubleshoots an organization’s data repository
Database Administrator
Who monitors the behaviors of the system components for anomalies and malicious attacks and to put measures to mitigate internal and external threats?
Cybersecurity analyst
Who provides end user training and helps users resolve issues with accessing resources and systems?
Technical support
Blank is outsourcing outside county lines
Offshoring
Blank uses the resources and skills of a developed workforce from an external organization
Outsourcing
Blank is the term for outsourcing project management
Project outsourcing
Blank is the term for offshoring to countries in a closer time zone
Nearshoring
Blank is the term for assigning protects to employees within the organization and is an expensive option
Insourcing
A what is a purpose-driven event that has a definite start and finish
Project
What ensure that the projects are well defined, with clear l, attainable goals and that resources are in place for successful completion
Project management framework
Projects usually include these four phases
Initiation
Planning
Executing
Closure
What broadly defines the phase in a project that begins with a business case, followed by a feasibility study
Project initiation
What is the name for the project document that outlines the business need, the stakeholders and the business case
Project charter
What phase of a project includes developing a roadmap for everyone to follow?
Project planning
What does SMART stand for?
Specific
Measureable
Attainable
Realistic
Timely
What does CLEAR stand for?
Collaborative
Limited
Emotional
Appreciable
Definable
By the end of the planning phase what documents have been created?
Scope
Work breakdown structure
Milestones
Communication plan
Risk management plan
What statement outlines the objectives, deliverables, and milestones?
Scope
What document breaks the work down into manageable segments for the team?
Work breakdown Structure (WBS)
What term defines high-level goals to meet throughout the project’s duration?
Milestones
What document outlines the frequency and methods of communicating with stakeholders?
Communication plan
What document identifies foreseeable risks including costs and delays?
Risk management plan
During what phase of a project are deliverables developed and completed. A kickoff call starts this phase ?
Project execution
What are used to monitor the project’s progress?
Key performance indicators (KPI) or metrics
During what part of the project is the project declared complete and a meeting is held to discuss strengths and opportunities for improvement?
Project closure
What are the three broad categories of risk a project may encounter?
1) risks in execution
2) risks in integration
3) risks of the unknown
What are the steps to considering risk during the planning phase?
1) identify the risks
2) analyze the impact on the project outcome
3) prioritize the risks by severity and likelihood
4) outline a mitigation strategy to minimize potential risks
5) install monitoring systems for unanticipated risks
Blank typically revolve around cost overrun, insufficient staff, inadequate tools and lack of support
Risk in execution
Blank can be mitigated by assessing potential disruptions, ensuring adequate support from stakeholders and having a shared understanding of the projects complexity
Risks of integration
What are the two key strategies to successfully identify risks?
1) frequent monitoring of project parameters
2) sound communication between project participants
What is the term for uncontrolled change of a project’s scope?
Scope creep
What is the term for budget control issues, such as underestimated or improper allocations of cost?
Budget risk
What describes departments and individuals resisting organizational change resulting from a project?
Resistance to a change
What describes an inability to secure sufficient resources for the project?
Resource risk
What describes a vendor failing to deliver on contractual obligations?
Contract risk
What is a risk that occurs when completion of a task is dependent on the completion of other tasks?
Project dependencies
What describes when assumptions about the project are invalidated during project development?
Project assumption risks
What describes when a project meets requirements, but delivers fewer benefits than outlined in the business case?
Benefit shortfall
What is the term for requirements that have not been properly validated or documented?
Requirements quality risk
What is the risk of a major negative event beyond human control?
Force majeure risk
What are the four stages of a system life cycle?
Requirements analysis
Design
Implementation
Testing
What are the three stages of a system dev life cycle?
Development
Use
Maintenance
Developing software that can collect and analyze every aspect of the software development life cycle (SDLC), led to what domain of software development?
Computer-Aided software engineering (CASE)
What environments combine tools, such as editing, compiling and debugging tools into a single package?
Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)
What phase’s goal is to determine what service the system will provide, identify any condition (such as time constraints) and define how users interact with the system?
Requirements analysis
What does ISO stand for?
International organization for Standardization
What does ACM stand for?
Association for Computing Machinery
What does IEEE stand for?
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
What does COTS mean?
Commercial off-the-shelf
The what is a written agreement between all parties that records the system requirements and guides system development?
System Requirement Specification (SRS)
Which software development phase creates a plan for constructing the system?
Design
What phase of software development is the system built?
Implementation and integration
During what phase of the life cycle, is the system evaluated, and modified as needed?
System maintenance
What are the four categories of software maintenance?
1) Corrective
2) adaptive
3) perfective
4) preventative
What category of software maintenance has a goal to remove errors to ensure the functionality of the system?
Corrective
Which category of system maintenance is performed when the organizational changes affect system requirements?
Adaptive
Which category of software maintenance is performed when new components are introduced, or existing ones improved?
Perfective
What phase of system maintenance occurs when changes made to increase the lifespan of systems?
Preventative
What goes beyond debugging to include improving procedures and developing training for employees?
System quality control
What series of standards address industrial activities such as design, production, installation and servicing?
ISO 9000 series
What series of standards was developed jointly by the ISO and IEC that is common for third-party system developers to meet specific standards?
ISO/IEC 15504
What must also maintain effective documentation practices for future reference?
Quality control
Many system engineers believe that what should be incorporated into other steps of the dev process line requirements analysis, design and validation and implementation and testing?
Testing
What principle is based on the theory that 80% of errors come from 20% of the system?
Pareto principle
What is another software testing methodology that develops a set of test data that ensure a each instruction in the software is executed at least once?
Basis Path testing
Techniques based on basis path testing and the Pareto principle rely on knowledge of a system’s internal components is known as what?
Glass-box testing or white-box testing
What type of testing does not rely I the tester’s knowledge of the system’s structure but is focused on the user experience (UX)?
Black box testing
Methodologies that fall in what are alpha, beta, and user acceptance testing?
Black box testing
What type of testing has developers and/or internal UX team test a preliminary version of the software?
Alpha testing
What is the second stage of testing where the next version of the system is given to a segment of end users ?
Beta testing or pilot testing
What type of testing is the final stage where users test the system in an operational setting?
User acceptance testing
What are the three types of QC documentation?
User
System
Technical
What documentation explains the system to users and may include how to access certain features, FAQs, and customer support contact info?
User documentation
What type of documentation describes the system’s internal configuration so the system can be maintained later in its life cycle?
System documentation
What is a major part of software dev cycle that has code being versioned and presented in a readable format allowing code developers to reverse any problematic changes?
Software development system documentation
Dev companies have created conventions for writing programs that include several common features. Name three.
1) indentation conventions for script readability
2) naming conventions for variables and constraints
3) documentation conventions for sufficient program documentation
What documentation describes how to install and maintain the system including information about installing updates and providing feedback to the dev team?
Technical documentation
What did early approaches to software engineering use that followed development processes sequentially?
Waterfall method
How is system engineering methodology approaching development now?
By constructing a system in increments
In the first increment of software dev what is built, which is a simplified sample of the proposed system?
Prototype
In what is a quickly constructed sample is built that may only contain a few screen images indicating how a system would work?
Rapid prototyping
What type of software development allows users to modify the software code?
Open source development
What system development methodology proposes incremental implementation, respond to rapidly changing requirements and reduces the emphasis on rigorous requirements?
Agile methodologies
What are two examples of agile methodology?
Scrum
Extreme programming
In what agile method does a system user create a wish list, a programmer selects an item toward the top of the list and plans implementation in a sprint, the team completes the list of objectives, the sprint ends when the system is ready to be released, and the steps start over again in a new sprint?
Scrum
In what agile method are systems developed by a team fewer than a dozen writing in a communal workspace
Extreme programming model (XP)
What is the term for disaster recovery and business continuity plans?
Contingency plan
What is the term for the amount time the client data and resources are available on the servers?
Uptime
What is usually measure in the number of nines?
Availability
What solutions provide replicas of critical systems that can be deployed when the original system is not available?
High availability solutions
What relies on solutions to ensure that a system can recover from catastrophic events in a reasonable amount of time with minimal data loss?
Disaster recovery plans (DRP)
When disruptions do occur, what plans help define how to resume services to customers and vital business operations while auxiliary services remain offline?
Business continuity plan
What are three strategies used for disaster recovery and business continuity?
Data mirroring
Data backups
Offsite storage
What is the term for setting up the operating system to simultaneously write copies of the data on several storage devices?
Data mirroring
What are stored on any storage device with tape being the cheapest and most common that can be transported to an off-site location?
Data backups
What are popular locations for physical storage because of the low humidity and the protection provided by the earth’s terrain?
Salt mines
Cave
What is the length of time necessary to retrieve data from storage?
Availability
What should you consider for selecting offsite storage? 5
Accessibility, cost, environment, geographic area,, security
What type of storage allows org the quickest access to restore critical data like AWS and Azure hot blobs?
Hot storage
What type of storage has less frequent access and is maintained on minimal equipment?
Cold storage
What is the term for embedded mechanical devices, objects provided with unique identifiers that are interconnected like home devices?
Internet of Things (IOT)
What are requirements set by governing bodies that can result in penalties, fines or even criminal charges?
Regulations
What type of ethics argue that good behavior is not the result of applying rules, but instead is a natural consequence of good behavior?
Character-based ethics
What are two types of ethical codes in IT?
Ten Commandments of computer ethics
Asimov’s three laws of robotics
Name three it organizations that have published rule based ethical standards
Institute of Electrical and electronic engineers (IEEE)
American statistical association (ASA)
Association of information technology professionals (AITP)
What policy should reflect the organization’s ethics and provide clear guidelines?
Acceptable user policy (AUP)
What refers to the right to control how your personal information is collected, used and exchanged?
Information privacy
What term describes a set of rules that limits access to data/information?
Confidentiality
What are the three elements of CIA
Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability
