History Of IT Flashcards
What was one of the first ever stored programs that became operational in 1948?
Manchester Mark I
What company sold 450 of its first mass produced computer in one year in 1954?
IBM
In 1956, what was introduced to replace punched cards and paper tape input?
Direct keyboard input
In 1958 what large scale communication network connected 23 computer sites in the US and Canada to detect and destroy Soviet bombers?
SAGE
In 1960 what computer system that inspired first computer video game Space War I retailed for around 120,000?
DEC-PDP 1
In 1968, Data General introduced what microcomputer chip and how much memory did it have?
Nova, 32 kb memory
In 1971 Intel introduced what that could address 64 JB?
The 8080 microprocessor
In 1976, Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs ordered 50 assembled systems of what?
Apple-1
In 1977 what was sold with keyboard, case, manual game paddles and cassette tape containing the game Breakout?
Apple II
In 1978, who launches Model 400 and Model 800 computers using the marketing slogan “computers for People”
Atari
In 1981 what Microsoft operating system became the most licensed operating system?
MS-DOS
In 1981, what did Sony introduce?
The 3 1/2 inch floppy drive and diskettes
In 1981, what company launches a PC with Intel 8088 microprocessor and MS-DOS operating system?
IBM
In 1982-1983 what was developed by Philips that was able to hold 550 mb of prerecorded data?
CD Roms
In 1984 what did Apple launch with the first successful mouse-driven computer with a GUI and a 6800 microprocessor?
MacIntosh
In 1984. who released a portable computer that could run the same software as the IBM PC?
Compaq
In 1986, Compaq introduced the first computer to use what 32 bit microprocessor?
Intel 80386 chip
In 1990-1991, who invented the World Wide Web at CERN in Switzerland?
Tim Berners-Lee
In 1990-1991, Microsoft delivers what that provided the ability to run multiple programs simultaneously on the Intel 80386 chip?
Windows 3.0
In 1992, what created a set of standards for digital images?
JPEG( Joint Photographic Expert Group)
In 1993, what first popular browser was created?
Mosaic
In 1994 Compact Flash memory is introduced by who?
ScanDisk
In 1994, Sony released what?
Playstation
In 1997, what did IBMs computer do?
Defeat a world champion chess player
What became the norm in the late 90s aided by mobile devices like Blackberry and Nokia 6110?
Text messaging
In 2000, what two things were first introduced?
Camera phone and Flash Drive
In 2000, what did Honda introduce?
The first humanoid robot ASIMO
In 2006, what rental cloud based service was launched?
AWS
In 2007, what two things were released by Amazon and Apple?
Amazon Kindle and IPhone
In 2010, what two things did Apple release?
IPAD and Apple Retina display
In 2011 what two subscriptions services were announced?
Adobe Creative Cloud and Microsoft Office 365
In 2012 what smalll, single board computer was released as a tool to promote science ed?
Raspberry PC
In 2014 what did Apple introduce into their ecosystem?
Apple Pay mobile payment
In 2015, what was released that incorporated Apple IOS with sensors for environmental and health monitoring?
Apple Watch
In 2019 Oculus released what with a 2560 x 1440 LCD and one more camera facing upward?
Oculus Rift S
What was one of the earliest computing devices that was probably first used in China which consisted of strings on rods and was used to carry out calculations?
Abacus
What computing system emerged between the Middle Ages and the modern era that used gears For input and output of data?
The Leibniz Machine
What was never constructed but was designed to read instructions in the form of holes on paper cards which would be programmable?
Babbage’s Analytical Engine
Who is considered the world’s first programmer?
Ada Lovelace
What machine developed at Penn State was a fully electronic machine?
The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC)
Processing power blanks every two years.
Doubles
Wozniak and Jobs built the first viable what in 1976
Home computer
First-generation computers used what for circuitry and what for memory?
Vacuum tubes
Magnetic drums
The first generation of computers relied on what to run one program at a time
Machine languages
What did the first generation of computers use for input and outputs?
Punch cards
Print outs
What replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation of computers?
Transistors
What did the second generation of computers use for input and output?
Punch cards
Printouts
What were used for storage in the second generation of computers?
Tapes and disks
Over 100 what were developed to work with second generation computers?
Computer programming languages
What replaced machine language in the second generation of computers that specified instructions using words?
Assembly languages
Name two high-level programming languages developed for the second generation of computers
FORTRAN (formula translation)
COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)
The invention of what enabled the development of the third generation of computers that were cheaper m, faster, and smaller than their predecessors
Integrated circuits
Integrated circuits miniaturized transistors and placed them on silicon chips called what?
Semiconductors
Blank made it possible for computers to run multiple applications at the same time and to share memory and other resources?
Operating Systems
In the third generation of computers, computational time was reduced from milliseconds to what?
Nanoseconds
Fourth generation computers included what that were thousands of integrated circuits on a single silicon chip?
Microprocessors
In 1971 what chip included all the components of the computer on a single chip?
Intel 4004
The fourth generation of computers saw the development of what three things?
Graphical Users Interfaces (GUIs)
The mouse
Handheld devices
The fifth generation of computers started in the 1980s when microprocessors were able to accommodate tens of millions of electronic components using what?
Ultra-Large-Scale Integration (ULSI)
Fifth generation computers use what two things to support new technological developments?
Parallel Processing
Artificial Intelligence software
Fifth generation computers will be able to respond natural language and will be capable of what?
Learning
What is the study of non-classical model of computation, said to be more efficient than modern computing through the use of quantum tunneling?
Quantum computing
What involves the use of nanoscale tools and nonbiological processes to build structures, devices and systems at the molecular level?
Nanotechnology