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IT 510 > It 510 Ch 5 > Flashcards

It 510 Ch 5 Flashcards

1
Q

alias

A

A term used in various data dictionaries to indicate an alternate name, or a name other than the standard data element name, that is used to describe the same data element.

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2
Q

balancing

A

A process used to maintain consistency among an entire series of diagrams, including input and output data flows, data definition, and process descriptions.

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3
Q

black box

A

A metaphor for a process or action that produces results in a non-transparent or non-observable manner. In data flow diagrams, a process appears as a black box where the inputs, outputs, and general function of the process are known, but the underlying details are not shown.

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4
Q

black hole

A

A process that has no output.

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5
Q

business logic OR
business rules

A

Rules to determine how a system handles data and produces useful information, reflecting the operational requirements of the business.

Examples include adding the proper amount of sales tax to invoices, calculating customer balances and finance charges, and determining whether a customer is eligible for a volume-based discount. Also called business rules.

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6
Q

business rules

A

How a system handles data and produces useful information. Business rules, also called business logic, reflect the operational requirements of the business. Examples include adding the proper amount of sales tax to invoices, calculating customer balances and finance charges, and determining whether a customer is eligible for a volume-based discount.

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7
Q

Child diagram

A

The lower-level diagram in an exploded data flow diagram.

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8
Q

context diagram

A

A top-level view of an information system that shows the boundaries and scope.

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9
Q

control structure

A

Serve as building blocks for a process. Control structures have one entry and exit point. They may be completed in sequential order, as the result of a test or condition, or repeated until a specific condition changes. Also called logical structure.

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10
Q

Data dictionary

A

A central storehouse of information about a system’s data.

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11
Q

Data element

A

A single characteristic or fact about an entity. A data element, field, or attribute is the smallest piece of data that has meaning within an information system. For example, a Social Security number or company name could be examples of a data element. Also called data item.

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12
Q

Data flow

A

A path for data to move from one part of the information system to another.

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13
Q

Data item

A

See data element

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14
Q

Data repository

A

A symbol used in data flow diagrams to represent a situation in which a system must retain data because one or more processes need to use the stored data at a later time. Used interchangeably with the term data store.

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15
Q

Data store

A

See data repository

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16
Q

data structure

A

A meaningful combination of related data elements that is included in a data flow or retained in a data store. A framework for organizing and storing data.

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17
Q

Decision table

A

A table that shows a logical structure, with all possible combinations of conditions and resulting actions

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18
Q

Decision tree

A

A graphical representation of the conditions, actions, and rules found in a decision table

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19
Q

Decomposing

A

Another way of conveying a process or system that has been broken down from a general, top-level view to more detail. The term exploded and partitioned can also be used.

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20
Q

Diagram ()

A

A diagram depicting the first level of detail below the initial context diagram. Diagram 0 (zero) zooms in on the context diagram and shows major processes, data flows, and data stores, as well as repeating the external entities and data flows that appear in the context diagram.

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21
Q

Diverging data flow

A

A data flow in which the same data travels to two or more different locations.

22
Q

Domain

A

The set of values permitted for a data element

23
Q

Entity

A

A person, place, thing, or event for which data is collected and maintained. For example, an online sales system may include entities named CUSTOMER, ORDER, PRODUCT, and SUPPLIER.

24
Q

Exploding

A

A diagram said to be exploded if it “drills down” to a more detailed or expanded view.

25
Q

Field

A

A single characteristic or fact about an entity. A field, or attribute, is the smallest piece of data that has meaning within an information system. For example, a Social Security number or company name could be examples of a field. The terms data element, data item, and data field are used interchangeably.

26
Q

Four-model approach

A

A physical model of the current system, a logical model of the current system, a logical model of the new system, and a physical model of the new system are all developed.

27
Q

Functional primitive

A

A single function that is not exploded further. The logic for functional primitives is documented in a data dictionary process description

28
Q

Game and Samson

A

A popular symbol set used in data flow diagrams. Processes, data flows, data stores, and external entities all have a unique symbol.

29
Q

Gray hole

A

A process with an input obviously insufficient to generate the shown output

30
Q

Iteration

A

The completion of a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes

31
Q

Leveling

A

The process of drawing a series of increasingly detailed diagrams to reach the desired level of detail

32
Q

Logical model

A

Shows what a system must do, regardless of how it will be implemented physically.

33
Q

Logical structure

A

See control structure

34
Q

Looping

A

Refers to a process step that is repeated until a specific condition changes. For example, a process that continues to print paychecks until it reaches the end of the payroll file is looping. Also known as repetition.

35
Q

Modular design

A

A design that can be broken down into logical blocks. Also knows as partitioning or top-down design.

36
Q

Parent diagram

A

The higher or more top-level diagram in an exploded data flow diagram

37
Q

Partitioning

A

The breaking down of overall objectives into subsystems and modules.

38
Q

Physical model

A

A model that describes how a system will be constructed.

39
Q

Process 0

A

In a data flow diagram, process 0 (zero) represents the entire information system, but does not show the internal workings.

40
Q

Process description

A

A documentation of a functional primitive’s details, which represents a specific set of processing steps and business logic.

41
Q

Pseudo code

A

A technique for representing program logic

42
Q

Record

A

A set of related fields that describes one instance, or member of an entity, such as one customer, one order, or one product. A record might have one or dozens of fields, depending on what information is needed. Also called a tuple.

43
Q

Selection

A

A control structure in the modular design, it is the completion of two or more process steps based on the results of a test or condition.

44
Q

Sequence

A

The completion of steps in sequential order, one after another

45
Q

Sink

A

An external entity that receives data from an information system

46
Q

Source

A

An external entity that receives date from an information system

47
Q

Spontaneous generation

A

An unexplained generation of data or information. With respect to data flow diagrams, processes cannot spontaneously generate data flows - they must have an input to have an output.

48
Q

Structured English

A

A subset of standard English that describes logical processes clearly and accurately

49
Q

Terminator

A

A data flow diagram symbol that indicates a data origin or final destination. Also called an external entity.

50
Q

Validity rule

A

Check that is applied to data elements when data is entered to ensure that the value entered is valid. For example, a validity rule might require that an employee’s salary number be within the employer’s predefined range for that position.

51
Q

Your don

A

A type of symbol set that is used in data flow diagrams. Processes, data flows, data stores, and external entities each have a unique symbol in the Yourdon symbol set.

IT 510 (6 decks)

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