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IT Flashcards

1
Q

It is a process of transforming the data into useful and meaningful information

A

DATA PROCESSING

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2
Q

unorganized facts or raw material of information

A

DATA

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3
Q

data has been organized and processed so that it is meaningful. the result of the is transformation process.

A

INFORMATION

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4
Q

In data processing cycle, it refers the initial capture of data on some form or documents which referred to–as source documents

A

ORGANIZATION

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5
Q

refers to the accurate recording of data and makes them ready for processing in a covenant form.

A

INPUT

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6
Q

the process of selecting significant data and eliminating those, which do not need to be recorded for processing to ensure that only relevant data are available for processing.

A

EDITING

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7
Q

the process of reducing the amount of data to be processed by using codes to minimize the processing

A

CODING

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8
Q

the process of checking the accuracy of data gathered to ensure correctness of a data to processed.

A

VERIFYING

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9
Q

refers to actual conversation of data into useful and meaningful information by performing operation on input data.

A

PROCESSING

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10
Q

the process of grouping data into classes according to their common characteristics.

A

CLASSIFYING

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11
Q

the process of rearranging these classified data into a pre determined sequence, numerically , alphabetically, or chronologically.

A

SORTING

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12
Q

the process of performing mathematical and logical operations.

A

CALCULATING

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13
Q

the process of decreasing the levels of details of data into tables, list, total, or other summarized forms.

A

SUMMARIZING

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14
Q

refers to the process of generating the information by collecting the results of the previous processing steps and providing steps and proving it to the user.

A

OUTPUT

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15
Q

the process of copying or duplicating the process of copying or duplicating the processed data as many copies as necessary for distribution to more than one user.

A

REPRODUCTIVE

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16
Q

the processed data may be communicated orally or in writing

A

COMMUNICATING

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17
Q

WHAT ARE THE AREAS OF DATA PROCESSING

A

BUSINESS DATA PROCESSING, SCIENTIFIC DATA PROCESSING

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18
Q

WHAT ARE THE CATEGORIES OF DATA PROCESSING

A

MANUAL DATA PROCESSING, MECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING, ELECTROMECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING, ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING

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19
Q

implies the extended use of human labor characterized by the use of tools and materials such as pencil, pens, carbon paper and the like to perform the necessary operations

A

MANUAL DATA PROCESSING

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20
Q

requires a constant manual intervention with the assistance of some office and bookkeeping machine like type writer, electronic adding machine, and calculator.

A

MECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING

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21
Q

requires the use of mechanical devices powered by an electronic motor like electronic adding machine, type setting and the like.

A

ELECTROMECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING

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22
Q

involves the use of electronic computer convent data into a machinereadable form to produce the necessary information

A

ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING

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23
Q

METHODS OF DATA PROCESSING

A

BATCH DATA PROCESSING, ONLINE DATA PROCESSING, REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING, DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING

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24
Q

transaction are grouped or batched and entered consecutively one after the other.

A

BATCH DATA PROCESSING

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25
Q

transactions are recorded and entered to the system as they occur.

A

ONLINE DATA PROCESSING

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26
Q

requires a fast response and cannot tolerate any delays in performing the operations.

A

REAL-TIME DATA PROCESSING

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27
Q

considered as the most complies level of the computer processing, which generally consists of the remote centrally linked to main computer.

A

DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING

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28
Q

an electronic device designed to accept data and instructions, use these instructions to perform logical and mathematical operations on the data and report the results of its processing as information.

A

COMPUTER

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29
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER

A

IT IS MACHINE
IT IS ELECTRONIC
IT IS AUTOMATIC
IT CAN MANIPULATE DATA
IT HAS MEMORY
IT HAS LOGICAL FUNCTION

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30
Q

CAPABILITIES OF COMPUTER

A

SPEED
ACCURACY
REPETITIVENESS
STORAGE
PROGRAMMABLE

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31
Q

LIMITATION OF COMPUTER

A
  1. Computers cannot operate without being given a set of instructions
  2. Computers cannot able to derive meaning from the objects
  3. Computers cannot detect errors but cannot correct them
  4. Computers are subject to occasional breakdowns
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32
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

A

GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS
SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTER

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33
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER ACCORDING TO DATA HANDLED

A

ANALOG COMPUTER
DIGITAL COMPUTER
HYBRID COMPUTER

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34
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER ACCORDING TO CAPACITY

A

MICROCOMPUTER
MINICOMPUTERS
MAINFRAMES

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35
Q

capable of dealing with variety of different problems.

A

GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS

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36
Q

designed to perform a specific task, with limited capabilities and the program of instructions is built into the machine.

A

SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTER

37
Q

deal with continuously changing physical data such as pressure temperature (or data that can be measured). They are used for scientific, engineering and process-control purposes operation which results to approximated values.

A

ANALOG COMPUTER

38
Q

work with values that are discrete form or data that can be counted) they are used for business applications and also scientific operations, and are ideal when 100% accuracy is desired, thus resulting to data that are exact in values.

A

DIGITAL COMPUTER

39
Q

incorporate in a single machine the capabilities of the analog and digital computers. They are used in space vehicle simulations and training of astronauts.

A

HYBRID COMPUTER

40
Q

small computer that are portable. Use microprocessor (the CPU on a chip), Read only Memory (ROM) and Random – Access Memory (RAM). It is sometimes known as single chip processor or a system on a chip. Example: Desktop Computers,
Video Games Console, Laptops

A

MICROCOMPUTER

41
Q

Machines, which are in the middle of microcomputers and mainframes in terms of cost and capability. Example: IBM midrange computers, Prime computers

A

MINICOMPUTERS

42
Q

the biggest, most expensive and the oldest category, these are mostly used by banks, airline and insurance companies that handles millions of transactions. Example: IBM System 3, AS-400

A

MAINFRAMES

43
Q

is an organized group of related and interdependent elements, parts or components interacting with one another in performing the individual and specific task for the purpose of meeting one or more goals and objectives.

A

SYSTEM

44
Q

refers to the internal and external physical compositions of the computer.

A

HARDWARE

45
Q

refers to a set of instructions that is t be executed by the computer called program.

A

SOFTWARE

46
Q

refers to the personnel involved within the computer installation or could be anybody who wants their job to be done using computer.

A

PEOPLEWARE

47
Q

refers to the steps specifying the manner certain activities are to be accomplished.

A

DATAWARE

48
Q

EXAMPLE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

A

HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
PEOPLEWARE
DATAWARE

49
Q

the brain of the computer who does the actual work of executing the instructions in the program.

A

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (THE PROCESSOR)

50
Q

Parts of the CPU:

A

CONTROL UNIT (CU)
ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT (ALU)

51
Q

this is the part of the CPU where it interprets the program instructions and directs the other parts of the CPU and communicates with the external input/output devices and secondary storage media.

A

CONTROL UNIT

52
Q

it is the part of the CPU where it does all the calculations, comparison or logical operations, as directed by the Control Unit.

A

ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT (ALU)

53
Q

where the computer program or data are stored during processing.

A

MEMORY UNIT

54
Q

Types of memory

A

INTERNAL MEMORY
EXTERNAL MEMORY

55
Q

TYPES OF INTERNAL MEMORY

A

RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM)

56
Q

TYPES OF EXTERNAL MEMORY

A

SECONDARY MEMORY

57
Q

refers to as Main Memory or Primary Memory. It is a volatile type of memory which stores data and instructions that have been input and are waiting to be processed, stores the result of processing until they are released to the output devices.

A

RANDOM-ACCESS MEMORY

58
Q

it contains permanent stored instructions that cannot be changed.

A

READ-ONLY MEMORY

59
Q

a non-volatile type of memory that is responsible for keeping files permanently.

A

SECONDARY MEMORY

60
Q

TWO TYPES OF SECONDARY MEMORY

A
  • Sequential storage devices such as tapes.
  • Direct access storage devices as diskettes.
61
Q

It refer to the external devices attached to the computer. That is, they cannot function without the computer.

A

PERIPHERAL

62
Q

Categories of External Hardware

A

INPUT HARDWARE
PROCESSING HARDWARE
STORAGE HARDWARE
OUTPUT HARDWARE
COMMUNICATION HARDWARE

63
Q

accept or collect data and convert it into a form suitable for processing.

A

INPUT HARDWARE

64
Q

retrieve and execute the instructions (in form of computer programs) provided to the computer.

A

PROCESSING HARDWARE

65
Q

Temporarily or permanently store data used for processing and the output of such processing.

A

STORAGE HARDWARE

66
Q

Is the non-physical components of the computer that are intangible in nature.

A

SOFTWARE

67
Q

This consists of a set of instructions that instruct the hardware what to do is called

A

PROGRAM

68
Q

it serve as an interface between the hardware and peopleware for the computer system operation.

A

PROGRAMS

69
Q

CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE

A

system software
application software

70
Q

Refers to the programs that assist in the computer operations in general, thereby facilitating the execution of application program.

A

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

71
Q

The user programs designed to solve problems such as those used in business, engineering and scientific software

A

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

72
Q

Package programs commonly called

A

APPLICATION PACKAGE

73
Q

TYPES OF SYSTEM SOFTWARE

A

OPERATING SYSTEMS
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
UTILITIES
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
LANGUAGE PROCESSOR

74
Q

– Refers to a group of related programs that supervise the execution of application program. It is considered as the master control program, executive processor and controller system.

A

OPERATING SYSTEMS

75
Q

Refers to program that sit on top of OS

A

OPERATING ENVIRONMENT

76
Q

A single term for all type of programming aids.

A

UTILITIES

77
Q

These are by themselves programs but used to write other programs.

A

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

78
Q

Other termed as translators used to convert source program into a form suitable for execution.

A

LANGUAGE PROCESSOR

79
Q

TYPES OF PACKAGES PROGRAM

A

WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE
DESKTOP PUBLISH SOFTWARE
SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
GRAPHICS SOFTWARE
COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE
INTEGRATED SOFTWARE
GROUPWARE
SOFTWARE SUITES
DESKTOP ACCESSORIES
PERSONAL MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE
CAD SOFTWARE
MULTIMEDIA SOFTWARE
CUSTOM PROGRAMS

80
Q

LEVELS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

A

MACHINE LANGUAGE
SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE
HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
BEING

81
Q

This is the language that the computer could directly understand. It uses binary symbols (string of 1s and 0s) to present data and instructions. Translation of data is not necessary and therefore it requires no processing speed.

A

MACHINE LANGUAGE

82
Q

This is the language that used abbreviated instructions called mnemonics. It uses hexadecimal representing for numbers.

A

SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE

83
Q

This is the language that is directly understandable to the human

A

HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE

84
Q

This is the language that is directly understandable to the human

A

BEING

85
Q

The translator used to convert high-level instructions to machine language is called

A

COMPILER

86
Q

The computer does not automatically understand these instructions and therefore, need to be converted into machine language for processing. This translator is called

A

ASSEMBLER

87
Q

refers to rules and policies that govern the operations of the whole computer system.

A

DATAWARE

88
Q

FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF PEOPLEWARE

A

SYSTEM PROGRAMMING
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
APPLICATION PROGRAMMING
COMPUTER OPERATIONS

89
Q
A

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