Issuing - Primary Markets 8% Flashcards
Who can offer a Free Writing Prospectus?
Well established company distributing shares through:
Add-on offering
subsequent primary offering
May contain information that is not in the registration statement.
Such companies are called: WKSI - well known seasoned issuers.
When is a final prospectus due?
25 days from effective date for securities that qualify for listing on the exchange
OTC securities not listed on Nasdaq;
- 90 days from effective date if corporation has not previously
issued
stock to the public.
- 40 days if stock has been previously issued.
WKSI
Well Known Seasoned issuer:
- has not missed a debt or dividend payment in the last three years. - has $700m outstanding cap trading in secondary market
Regulation M
Addresses:
Capital Markets
M&A
and investment banking
Requires a chinese wall between investment banker and underwriter
Places market restrictions on market participants associated with public offerings including:
APO’s, IPO’s and subsequent primary offerings
What % ownership makes an insider?
10% or more
Restricted Period (prior to effective date)
The time during which the offering participants may not influence the price of the underwritten security.
Tier 1 - no restriction period (ADTV - average daily trading volume exceeds $1 million and public float is $150 million or more)
Tier 2 - one day prior to effective date (ADTV - $100k up to tier 1 and public float of at least $25 million)
Tier 3 - 5 days prior to effective date (do not qualify for tier 1 or 2)
Under regulation m
Passive Market Making
an underwriter on an APO who is also a market maker during the offering period
May only change its inventory net purchase position by more that 30% of its average trading volume.
(net purchase position equals shares purchased - shares sold)
(positive number is a net purchase
( negative number is a net sale
Short Position
An investor borrows securities and sells those securities
Stabilization
A process during the primary offering that allows the syndicate to buy back shares if the price in the Secondary market falls below those in the Primary Market when there are still shares to be sold in the primary market. It must be disclosed in the prospectus
Penalty Bid
associated with the stabilization process. A penalty charged to the syndicate, or selling group, when it buys back shares from those who purchased at POP. the group loses its concessions. Must be disclosed in prospectus
Analysts and research reports
May not participate in roadshows
Restricted from publishing research during the offering period
exceptions:
if analyst follows issuer in conjunction with other companies of the same sector, may publish as long as security isn’t highlighted or its position changed.
if research is on the issuer’s bonds, it is allowed because it is a non-equivalent security.
however, if the bonds are convertible, restriction would apply
analyst cannot talk to the security department without legal or compliance personnel present.
Exempt Securities
Government
Municipal securities
nonprofit (church bonds)
commercial paper (maturity of no more than 270 days, usually used to finance inventory)
issues of banks and trust companies (not bank holding companies)
Issues of small business investment companies(SBIC does SBA Loans)
Exempt Offerings
allows issuer to offer nonexempt, yet unregistered securities
Intrastate Offerings Regulation A offerings Regulation D Private Placements
Intrastate Offerings
Under Rule 147 of 33 Act, securities are exempt if all the following conditions are met:
80% of the:
-corporation’s gross revenues are derived from operations,
-assets,
-offerings proceeds are used to expand operations
*within one state
100% of the purchasers are principal residents of that state
Purchasers of the stock hold if for 9 months before it can be sold
out of state
Regulation A Offerings
Small issue or Small Dollar Exemption from registration
New issue of less that $5 million during a 12 month period
File an offering statement (called A1) with SEC and distribute an
offering statement to prospective buyers
must be given 48 hours prior or at time of purchase with a 5-day
right of recision
Sales Must be reported to SEC every 6 months
Regulation D Private Placements
referred to as letter stock or restricted stock
Conditions to be met:
Sophisticated Buyer
Offering Memorandum - equivalent to a prospectus
must receive assurance - a letter from the buyer that the buyer
does not intend to make a quick sale of the offering
The securities canot be sold to more than 35 nonaccredited
investors.
can be sold to an unlimited number of accredited investors
Purchaser Representative - who the unaccredited investor must use
to purchase offering
Cannot be advertised through media to general public
Rule 144
- Allows Public resale of restricted and control securities under certain conditions
- Addresses resale in the secondary market of previously unreg shares
- shares sold by insider or control persons at an issuing corporation
Rule 144 - Holding Period
The time restricted securities must be held before sold in the marketplace
Subject to SEC reporting requirements - 6 months - if not - 1 year
Control persons must hold for 90 days
Rule 144 - Trading Volume Formula
volume limit is either 1% of outstanding shares or trading volume for the last 4 weeks (the question usually gives 5 weeks volume) whichever is greater
Rule 144 - Notice of Proposed Sale with the SEC
if the sale involves more than 5,000 shares or if the aggregate dollar amount is great than $50,000 in any 3 month period, must file no later than date of sale.
if not sold within 3 months of filing, must file amended notice
Rule 144a Portal System
Allows a qualified institutional buyer to purchase unregistered securities outside of the US and import them if they buy form broker/dealers.
Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB) has at least $100 million in assets under discretionary management
Regulation S
address off shore sales of restricted stock
requires a 1 year holding period
Secondary Offerings or Rule 144 trades
Security sale poceeds go to a party other than issuer
- a corporate office sells unregistered shares to the public
- a registration statement is filed
- can be combined with an APO
- an employees stock options that are used to purchase unreg shares
Tender Offer
- takeover through a formal offer to existing shareholders at a price above the market
- must remain open for 20 days once made
- if tender offer increases during this period it must pay the
difference to any who sold before the period and tender must
remain open 10 more days
- if tender offer increases during this period it must pay the
