Isomers Flashcards

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1
Q

Isomers

A

Same molecular formula only

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2
Q

Constitutional (structural) isomers

A

Same molecular formula
diff connectivity

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3
Q

Stereoisomers

A

Same molecular formula
Same connectivity

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4
Q

Conformational isomers

A

same molecular formula
same connectivity
does not require bond breaking to interconvert

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5
Q

Configurational isomers

A

same molecular formula
same connectivity
requires bond breaking to interconvert

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6
Q

Diastereomers

A

same molecular formula
same connectivity
requires bond breaking to interconvert
superimposable
cis-trans

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7
Q

Enantiomers

A

same molecular formula
same connectivity
requires bond breaking to interconvert
nonsuperimposable

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8
Q

Anti staggered

A

Biggest groups 180° away
Least potential energy, most stable

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9
Q

Gauche

A

Biggest groups 60° away
Second least potential energy
Second most stable

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10
Q

Eclipsed

A

Biggest groups 120° away
Second most potential energy
Second least stable

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11
Q

Totally eclipsed

A

Biggest groups back to back
Most potential energy
Least stable

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12
Q

Most stable position for the bulkiest groups in cyclohexane conformation

A

Equatorial

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13
Q

Chair flip

A

Equatorial becomes axial and axial become equatorial

But the groups that were up (wedge) remain up and the groups that were down (dashed) remain down

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14
Q

Chirality

A

Mirror image cannot be superimposed
Lack an internal place of symmetry
4 diff groups on shared carbon

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15
Q

Specific rotation

A

[α] = (α obs)/ (c x l)

α = degrees
c = g/mL
l = dm

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16
Q

racemic mixture

A

when both (+) and (-) enantiomers are present in equal concentrations

No optical activity observed

17
Q

How many possible stereoisomers

A

2^n
n = # of chiral centers

18
Q

Meso compound

A

a molecule w chiral centers that has an internal plane of symmetry

no optical activity

19
Q

Fischer projection

A
  • horizontal lines: bonds project out, wedges
  • vertical lines: bonds going into plane, dashes