Isomerism Flashcards
Define a molecular formula
The formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in the molecule
Define displayed formula
A displayed formula shows every bond in the molecule
Define structural formula
Structural formula shows the unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule in simplified form, without showing all the bonds
What is the suffix for alcohols?
-ol
What is the suffix for aldehydes?
-anal
What is the suffix for ketones?
-one
What is the suffix for carboxilic acids?
-oic acid
What is a homologous series?
Family of organic compounds with the same functional group, but different carbon chain lengths
Why does branching decrease melting point?
Molecules pack together less well
What does length of carbon chain affect and why?
Physical properties like melting and boiling points (increase by small amount) due to intermolecular forces increasing
Define positional isomerism
The functional group is attached to the main chain at different points
Define functional group isomerism
The molecular formula is the same but atoms arranged so that functional group is different
Define chain isomerism
The molecular formula is the same but the hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently
Define stereoisomerism
Two or more compounds have the same structural formula. The differ in the arrangement of the bonds in space (two types E-Z and optical)
Define E-Z isomerism
E-Z isomerism tells us the position of substituents around a C=C bond. Z is the same side E is the opposite side
