isolation precautions Flashcards
What is a microorganism?
microscopic
bacteria parasites
What are the principles of isolation precautions?
protect all inculding pt
containment of pathogen
What is a pathogen and what is an example?
disease prpoducing
measles
What is an infection?
invasion of tissues by pathogen
nosoconomial?
hospital acquired
What does virulence mean?
ability of pathogen strength/ability to produce disease, high/med/low
What is colonization?
organism that is present but doesnt invade dissues
Example, flora of colon
What is epidemiology?
study of distrubution andf determinants of health related states or disease events
ARO?
antibiotic resistant organism
MDRO
multiple drug resistant organism
MRSA
methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
VRE
Vancomycin resistant enterococci
CDAD
Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea
HAI
Hospital aquired infection
CAUTI
catheter associated UTI
AGMP
Aerosol generating med procedure
What is the chain of infection?
infecticous agent Reservoir portal of exit mode of transmission portal of entry host
What is contact MOD?
direct contact/indirect
droplet
transfer by phy touch
Direct Contact?
ohysical skin to skin
Indirect contact?
contact with a contaminated intermeddiate object
Example of direct contact MOD?
MRSA VRE clostridium difficile
Examples of indirect contact pathogens?
MRSA VRE
Examples of MO droplet MOD?
influenza, SARS
What is droplet Transmission?
large particles from respiratory system, propelled up to one meter
What is Airborne Transmission?
small airborne particles 5> microbes that can be in air for 1m+
suseptible host inhales
Example of MO that is airborne?
Mycobacterium TB, varocella zoster, measles
Veichle Transmissions?
single contaminated source transmits to multiple host
results in outbreak
water,drugs,food
What is an example of MO that uses veichle transmission?
salmonella
What is vectorborne transmission?
insects flees
West Nile virus, Lyme disease
What does Standard Precautions include?
hand hygiene
PPE
Safe handling of sharps and biohazardous waste
When would you wear a N95 repirator?
Airborne precuations
Airborne Precautions?
TB, measles, versela, chicken pox
Single negative pressure doorclosed N95 respwhich is only to be removed in hallway/anterrom confined to room except for essential tx wear procedural mark if exits room
Droplet Precautions?
Mumps, diptheria, mersa, pertussis
door can be open
if room shared, 1 m apart
mask/glasses w/i one meter of pt
gloves and gowns as per routine practices
pt out only for essential practices, wearing mask
Contact Precautions?
Single Room preferred open door? gloves gown if clothing may have direct contact with contaminated objects remove gloves and gowns before exiting dedicated equippment or disinfected pt can leave room just preform hand hygiene first procedural mask eyewear yes gown? if within 1m
Droplet/contact?
contact precautions
and should wear mask/eyewear w/i one metter of coughing pt
Enhanced Precautions?
H1N1
single room unless same organism then 1m apart neg pressure if available For AGMP door closed and N95&eyewear Gloves and gown when in contact procedural mark/protective eyewear w/i 2 m dedicated equippment limit transport restrict visitors
Strict Precautions?
undiagnosed. SARS, foreign trip, H5N1(aveian)
staff selff monitoring single room neg air pressure n95 resp, googles, gloves, gown limit AGMP procedures which would require googles and full face shield restrict visitors
Cytotoxic Precautions?
High, med, low
follow hazzardous drug handing precautions
single/double nitrile gloves, eye and facial protection, gown
pt wastes and laundry may need cytotoxic container
hazardous drugs spills kits
can cause celllular harm to body
