Bowel Sounds Flashcards
Epigastric?
Upper middle region of abdomen
Peristalsis?
wave of contractions forcing contents through DS
Suprapubic?
above symphysis pubis
umbilical?
navel
Tenesmus?
feeling you need to pass stool although already empty
Borborygmi?
bowel rumbling
Flatulence?
gas
Hemorrhoids?
ssswollen, inflammed veins around rectum/ anus
Meconium?
dark green first stool bb passes
Occult blood?
blood in feces that is not visible
Paralytic ileus?
Late stage bowel obstruction causes constipation/bloating
Valsalva maneuver?
attempt to exhale with windpipe closed
Cathartics?
substance that accelerates defecation
enema?hypertonic - fluid out of interstitial space
isotonic
cleansing
hypotonic
hypo- evacuates bowels before lots of fluid absorbed
Fecal impaction
solid and immobile bulk
Laxative?
Oral to facilitate or increase bowel movements
Suppository?
inserted into rectum that melts at body temp
What to inspect on abdominal assessment?
xiphoid process-> pubic symphysis sym distension skin umbilicus color
How to osculate abdomen?
Warm, privacy warmth, quiet, clockwise, Sound in all quadrants
sounds audible/absent
What to do if can’t hear sound in quadrant of abdomen?
wait 1 more min and if still can’t here come back to it last and do it for five mins
What is order of assessment in abdomen?
inspection
ascultation
Palpation
Percussion
How to palpate abdomen, what are you looking for?
1-2xm depress with relaxed stom
masses/tenderness
what is percussion used for in abdomen?
fluid, gases, lesions detection
What are infants bowels like?
passage of meconium, short rectum, no control if full
Toddlers bowels?
short rectum, no control over full bowel
School age/adolescent and bowels?
Regular patterns
Pregnancy and bowels?
hormones cause slow bowels, constipation, bb puts pressure on rectum, at risk for hemmorrhoids make them not want to go, decreased sensation
Older Adult and bowels?
long rectal length peristalsis slows down leading to constipation, more fluid extracted from feces loss of sphincter control weakened muscles decrease nerve impulses decreased absorption of intestines
Factors that determine Bowel functions?
Diet Fluid intake personal habits activity/exercise pain analgesics/surgery - sleeping bopwels emotions - stress increases perstatlsis illness
What does it mean if pt passes gas?
Bowels are working
What to assess about bowel elimination?
usual frequency, amount, consistency changes gas Last BM Diet Lifestyle=stress/exercise general health past/recent bowel problems past and recent ise of meds/bowel meds
What is constipation?
Symptom
infrequent BM
hard/difficult to pass
straining can be a hazard for passing out - valsalva manoeuvre
–> exhale through mouth during strainin to avoid VM
Causees of constipation?
ireg bowel pattern/ignoring urge chronic illness diet situational stress heavy laxative use meds ^age
1rst things to do to manage constipation?
increase fluid intake
increase fiber and activity
2nd thing to do for constipation management?
laxatives/ bowel protocol
What is the bowel protocol?
phys orders, decision making tool
What are tyoes of Oral Laxatives?
stool softener
stimulant laxative
osmotic
saline
What is a type of stool softener?
What does it do?
docusate
water from outside o intstine into colon
gentle
What is a stimulant laxative?
What does it do?
Sennoides
bring h20 into bowel, stimulates peristalsis
cramping?
What is an osmotic lacative?
What does it do?
Lactulose
bring liquid into colon to help evacuate
What is a type of saline?
What does it do?
Magnesium Hydroxide
softening stool and stims peristalsis
What are types of suppositories?
Glycerin - mostly babies - longer and skinner
stimulant - bisacodyl
Types of enemas?
Microlax - 5ml
phosphate enema - 1 cup liquid
cleansing - bowel prep before procedure
Medicated
What is fecal impation?
unrelieved constipation
Hardened feces unable to be expelled
oozing liquid stool may be indication
Symptoms: aneroxia, vomit, distension, cramping, rectal pain
resolved with digital disimpaction
What is diarrhea?
^ number of stools
liquid, unformed
results in liquid/electrolyte imbalance causing skin breakdown
What are causes of diarrhea?
antibiotics, food allergies, diseases, dx testing, contaminated foods
What are treatments for diarrhea?
diet supplements/meds
Documentation of Bowels?
sign for meds and doc BM on protocol MAR
Kardex/ shift report
team bowel board
focus/progress notes prn
