isms

Question 1

Which philosophical idea does the following quote exemplify?

When, as by a miracle, the lovely butterfly bursts from the chrysalis full-winged and perfect… it has, for the most part, nothing to learn, because its little life flows from its organization like melody from a music box.”
—Douglas Alexander Spalding—

Answer 1

nativism

Question 2

Which philosophical idea does the following quote exemplify?

The [Bell Curve’s] main thesis is that an individual’s intelligence - no less than 40% and no more than 80% of which is inherited genetically from his or her parents - has more effect than socioeconomic background on future life experiences.

—(Manolakes, 1997)—

Answer 2

nativism

Question 3

Which philosophical idea does the following quote exemplify?

Reason is absolute. Only through clear, reasoned thinking, can we gain knowledge and understanding about reality.

—Jeff Landauer & Joseph Rowlands—

Answer 3

rationalism

Question 4

Which of the philosopical terms does this quote exemplify?

There are two influences ever present in the world. One is constructive and elevating and comes from our Heavenly Father; the other is destructive and debasing and comes from Lucifer. We have our agency and make our own choice in life subject to these unseen powers. There is a division line well defined that separates the Lord’s territory from Lucifer’s. If we live on the Lord’s side of the line Lucifer cannot come there to influence us, but if we cross the line into his territory we are in his power. By keeping the commandments of the Lord we are safe on His side of the line, but if we disobey His teachings we voluntarily cross into the zone of temptation and invite the destruction that is ever present there. Knowing this, how anxious we should always be to live on the Lord’s side of the line.
—George Albert Smith—

Answer 4

nondeterminism

Question 5

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

Thus extension in length, breadth and depth, constitutes the nature of corporeal substance; and thought constitutes the nature of thinking substance. For all else that may be attributed to body presupposes extension, and is but a mode of this extended thing; as everything that we find in mind is but so many diverse forms of thinking.
—Rene Descartes—

Answer 5

dualism

Question 6

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

This I choose to do. If there is a price, this I choose to pay. If it is my death, then I choose to die. Where this takes me, there I choose to go. I choose. This I choose to do.
—Terry Pratchett—

Answer 6

nondeterminism

Question 7

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

These principles have given me a way of explaining naturally the union or rather the mutual agreement [conformité] of the soul and the organic body. The soul follows its own laws, and the body likewise follows its own laws; and they agree with each other in virtue of the pre-established harmony between all substances, since they are all representations of one and the same universe.
—Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz—

Answer 7

dualism

Question 8

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

The will is never free – it is always attached to an object, a purpose. It is simply the engine in the car – it can’t steer.
—Joyce Cary—

Answer 8

determinism

Question 9

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

The great source of most of the ideas we have, depending wholly upon our senses, and derived by them to the understanding, I call sensation.
—John Locke—

Answer 9

empiricism

Question 10

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

Spirit is the “nature” of individuals, their immediate substance, and its movement and necessity; it is as much the personal consciousness in their existence as it is their pure consciousness, their life, their actuality.
—Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel—

Answer 10

idealism

Question 11

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

Nothing we can achieve by conscious act of will alters the will to life within us. There is no free will.
—Christopher Janaway—

Answer 11

determinism

Question 12

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

Nature reflects consciousness.
—Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling—

Answer 12

idealism

Question 13

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

Forasmuch as all knowledge beginneth from experience, therefore also new experience is the beginning of new knowledge, and the increase of experience the beginning of the increase of knowledge. Whatsoever, therefore, happeneth new to a man, giveth him matter of hope of knowing somewhat that he knew not before.
—Thomas Hobbes—

Answer 13

empiricism

Question 14

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

Descartes and all the Cartesians, among whom the followers of Malebranche have long been numbered, have made the same mistake. They have taken for granted two distinct substances in man, as if they had seen them, and positively counted them.
—-Julien Offray De La Mettrie—-

Answer 14

monism

Question 15

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

All our reasoning is nothing but the joining and substituting of characters, whether these characters be words or symbols or pictures, … if we could find characters or signs appropriate for expressing all our thoughts as definitely and as exactly as arithmetic expresses numbers or geometric analysis expresses lines, we could in all subjects in so far as they are amenable to reasoning accomplish what is done in Arithmetic and Geometry.
—Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz—

Answer 15

rationalism

Question 16

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

Descartes and all the Cartesians, among whom the followers of Malebranche have long been numbered, have made the same mistake. They have taken for granted two distinct substances in man, as if they had seen them, and positively counted them.
—-Julien Offray De La Mettrie—-

Answer 16

monism

Question 17

Which of the philosophical terms does this quote exemplify?

All our reasoning is nothing but the joining and substituting of characters, whether these characters be words or symbols or pictures, … if we could find characters or signs appropriate for expressing all our thoughts as definitely and as exactly as arithmetic expresses numbers or geometric analysis expresses lines, we could in all subjects in so far as they are amenable to reasoning accomplish what is done in Arithmetic and Geometry.
—Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz—

Answer 17

rationalism

Question 18

Which of the philosophical ideas does the following quote exemplify?

Nothing exists except atoms and empty space; the rest is all opinion.

—Democritus—

Answer 18

materialism

Question 19

Which of the philosophical ideas does the following quote exemplify?

How can a mind turn in upon itself and observe its own operations when it is forced by its very nature to observe in terms of its own categories? Is there any sense in turning up the light to see what the darkness looks like?
—Immanuel Kant—

Answer 19

indeterminism

Question 20

Which of the philosophical ideas does the following quote exemplify?

For the soul there is neither birth nor death at any time. He is unborn, eternal, ever-existing and primeval. He is not slain when the body is slain.
—Bhagavad Gita —

Answer 20

vitalism

Question 21

The contention that even though there are causes associated with certain effects attempting to measure those causes influences them, making it impossible to know them with certainty.

Answer 21

indeterminism

Question 22

The belief that ultimate reality consists of ideas or perceptions and is therefore not physical.

Answer 22

idealism

Question 23

The belief that there is only one reality that exists.

Answer 23

monism

Question 24

The belief that there are two aspects to humans, one physical and one mental.

Answer 24

dualism

Question 25

The belief that the behavior of organisms, including humans, can be explained entirely in terms of matter.

Answer 25

mechanism

Question 26

The belief that the basis of all knowledge is experience.

Answer 26

empiricism

Question 27

The belief that life cannot be explained in terms of inanimate processes.

Answer 27

vitalism

Question 28

The belief that knowledge can be attained only be engaging in some type of systematic mental activity.

Answer 28

rationalism

Question 29

The belief that important human attributes such as intelligence are large inherited.

Answer 29

nativism

Question 30

The belief that human thought or behavior is freely chosen by the individual and is therefore not caused by antecedent physical or mental event.

Answer 30

nondeterminism

Question 31

The belief that everything that occurs does so because of known or knowable causes and that if these causes were known in advance, an event could be predicted with complete accuracy.

Answer 31

determinism

Question 32

The belief that everything in the universe is physical including those things that others refer to as mental.

Answer 32

materialism