Islamiyat PAPER 1 Flashcards
1
Q
modes of revelation
A
- prophet would hear a ringing of a bell; and it was hardest on the prophet
- an angel appeared before the prophet in a form of an old man
- angel appeared before the prophet in its original form
2
Q
prophets condition at the time of revelation
A
prophet would become extremely quiet he would sweat a lot and become really heavy
ayesha narrated “ i saw revelation coming down upon him in the severest cold and when that condition was over, perspiration ran down his forehead”
leg would become very heavy almost to the point of breaking anything.
the animal he would be riding would have to lay down due to the weight of the prophet during the revelation
3
Q
what would the prophet do after he received the revelation
A
he would summon one of his literate companions as the prophet was illiterate and didn’t know how to read or write. The companion would then write down the revelation that the prophet dictated slowly and carefully ensuring no errors were made.
4
Q
reasons for gradual revealing the Quran
A
out of consideration for the prophet since receiving the revelations was hard for him
to make the understanding and memorisation of the Quran easier for the prophet and believers
to gradually implement laws of Islam
a great part of the Quran deals with answers to questions from the people from events of different times hence the revelations of those verses / questions
5
Q
preserving the Quran
A
during the prophets time followers would memorise and write down the revelations of the Quran
there were many dedicated scribes who also did this job like. Zaid Bin Thabit or Abu Bakr Umar Uthman Ali and more
the verses would be written on pieces of leather, wooden boards, flat rocks, shoulder blades of sheep of camels and even palm leaves
6
Q
compilation during the time of Abu Bakr
A
when the prophet had passed away, Abu Bakr was selected as the caliph of the muslim Ummah during his time as caliph he had to deal with a lot of false prophets that had arose thus leading to the battle of yamama where a lot of huffaz who had memorised the Quran had died. Hazrat Umar feared that these battle may end more Huffaz leading to the chain of narration to break altering the Quran and its authenticity.
Hazrat Umar then suggested to Hazrat Abu Bakr for the compilation of all the verses of the Quran into one book. initially Hazrat Abu Bakr was hesitant to make such a move since the Prophet never tried to make such a large move however later Hazrat Abu Bakr was convinced that the Quran would need to be compiled.
Hazrat Abu Bakr appointed hazrat Zaid Bin Thabit for this job at which he replied “You are a wise you man and we don not suspect you of telling lies or forgetfulness; and you used to write the divine inspiration for Allah’s Apostle. Therefore look for the verses of the Quran and collect it in one manuscript”
a committee of about 75 companions was formed to assist Hazrat Zaid Bin Thabit they began searching for the verses and collecting them for parchments, scapula date palm leaves as was people who had memorised the Quran.
firstly when he was compiling the Quran Zaid Bin Thabit would check the verse using his own memory of the Quran. if two or more people has the same or similar verse he would testify them and check if the prophet was there at that moment when the verse was announced.
first copy called mushaf given to hazrat Abu Bakr later given to Hazrat Umar after the death of Hazrat Abu Bakr.
7
Q
standardisation at the time of Hazrat Uthman.
A
when Hazrat Uthman became caliph Islam had already spread far from Makka those who embraced Islam would learn the Quran from muslim traders and soldiers this way the words of the Quran were available around different Countries.
however people started reciting the Quran in their own dialects that when they recited the Quran the meaning of the Quran was being changed.
Huzaifah Bin A-Yaman came to Uthman to report that while he participated in an Jihad mission in central Asia he saw the recital of the people of Syria was according to the way Ubayy bin Ka’ab and Iraq by Abdullah Bin Masood there was fumes on which way of reciting the Quran was correct.
therefore Uthamn sent a message to Hafsah telling him to be prepared that they were going to change the Quran to make it easier to recite and not make mistakes in he then ordered zaid bin Thabit, Abdullah Bin Zubair Sa’eed bin Al-Aas and Abdur Rahman Bin Harith Bin Hisham to rewrite the manuscript in perfect copies. the members could have just copied the old manuscript however they adopted another method that was employed during the time of hazrat Abu Bakr and created a new copy which was the Mushaf this copy had other delecates that / verbs that could only be read in a specific way thus it removed the problem of the method of reciting the Quran.
the New manuscript was sent to muslim provinces and replaced with the old one which were all burned. the compilers were given the title of Jami’Ul Quran
8
Q
Suhuf -e-Hadsah
A
was the name of the first authentic copy of the Quran compiled by Zaid Bin Thabith and his team during the time of Hazrat Abu Bakr it was first given to hazrat abu bakr passed down to hazrat Umar then to hafsah the daughter of the prophet it was also used to make several other copy of the Quran and for the authentication of haith
9
Q
Tafseer of the Quran
A
tafseer means to explain in Islamic terminology and is the explanation and clarification of the Quran’s verses.
10
Q
- interpretation of the Quran by the Quran
A
the Quran meaning the words of Allah
the Quran was revealed in a time span of 23 years
known as tafseer-ul-Quran bil Quran
highest rank in sources of tafseer
expatiation of the Quran by the Quran
11
Q
- interpretation of the Quran by the hadith and sunnah
A
the entire life and tradition of the holy prophet containing enough tafseer of the Quran.
has the explanation of the Quran verses inside the sunnah/hadith of the prophet.
called Tafseer ul Quran bil Hadith
12
Q
Interpretation of the Quran by companions
A
through ijma
tabi’een and taba tabieen followed this to fix and fit modern day questions and laws
most used tool of Asbab-an-nuzool
13
Q
interpretation of the Quran by muslims schoolers
A
a muslim scholar of Islam is also another reliable source of understanding the Quran.
14
Q
Qualities of a Mufassir
A
A Mufassir is a person who expounds the teaching of Quran. in order to interpret and explain the teachings and commandments of the Quran they must have specific quality’s
must believe in the Quran and that it is the actual Kalam of Allah
have a proper understanding of Aqidah
mufassir must intend to please Allah by his actions and guiding others with Allah words
he must have the correct Islamic beliefs Aqidah must be muslim and come from a muslim family.
he must be free from practising or believing in innovations.
he must practice repentance and have a pious heart thus he must fear Allah and repent for sins he makes.
15
Q
Makki surahs
A
Surahs that were revield in Makkah are called makki surrahs
they teach about the oneness of Allah his power and attribute and the day of judgement as well as heaven and hell
16
Q
madni surahs
A
they contain detailed teachings in all aspects of life and present social economic and spiritual laws
contain permissions and regulations of jihad and teach the believers as how to behave in case of defeat and victory
long verses
verses may address people
17
Q
sources of Islamic law
A
Islamic law is an Arabic term for “shariah”
also meaning rules and regulation which Allah has set for all muslims conveyed by the Quran through the prophet.
two main sources of Islamic Quran and sunnah the primary sources are ijma and Qiyas.
18
Q
the Quran as a source of Islamic law
A
the Quran is the first and most authentic source of Islamic law
it is the basics of legal thinking in Islam and guides humans beings at each and every step of there life.
teaches them how to live life on the right path and the teachings of peace forgiveness and respect.
teaches us
religious teachings
moral
spiritual
legal
political
and social teachings
19
Q
hadith/sunnah
A
hadith is defined as the prophets words actions silent or tacit where sunnah consists of all his regular practices.
hadith extends and explains the teaches of the Quran.
examples
Quran asked for regular prayers and zakat
prophet teached how to pray and how much zakat to give.
20
Q
ijma
A
ijma means to be unified or agreed. thus on terms of Islamic law it means that agreement of a group of scholars in Islam of one era on a single Islamic ruling
ijma is the third source of Islamic law.
types of ijma
ijma or consensus of companions of the prophet
ijma of jurist
ijma of the general body of the muslim community.
21
Q
Qiyas
A
Qiyas is the fourth source of Islamic law
Qiyas is done on the principle of Quran and hadith/sunnah by a scholar who is well versed in Islamic sciences.
conditions
Qiyas should be employed when there is no clear statement in the Quran and sunnah for the arising Question
scholar must be an expert in Islamic sciences
Illa should sound authentic and knowledgeable
22
Q
why is Qiyas questioned by some Scholars
A
Qiyas is done by one single scholar
it relays on the concept of illa or being honest and because it is the personal law by the view or opinion of one scholar with out giving reasoning to others to see if the laws reasoning is authentic or believable to be the law.
23
Q
The Jahiliya period
A
Jahiliya also means the years of ignorance
referred to the period when all political social and economic affairs were governed by the age of ignorance before Islam existed
this period lasted 2 centuries before the rise of Islam
per Islamic Arabia was not governed by a set of law or a governor instead by many small tribes with there own belief laws an religions.
girls were also killed by there fathers on birth and was a common practice
idolatry was followed by almost every tribe in Arabia
24
Q
positive aspects of Jahiliya
A
positive aspects of Jahiliya
out of twelve months of the year pre Islamic Arabs decided no war during the 4 of these religious months
Arabs known for there hospitality and generosity the Arabs saw this as a symbol of pride
Arabs had good skill so of archery and horsemanship
25
negative aspects of Jahiliya
idol worships
unlimited wife
female infanticide
drunkenness
usury
sexual immortality
26
the year of the elephants
570 C.R
1. Prophet PBUH Birth
2. Abraha's attack and Allah's miracle
Abraha christian ruler of yamen decided to march with his elephants to mecca in the hopes of demolishing the Kaaba.
three tribes joined the ruler Banu kinanah, banu Khuza and Banu Hudhail
The elephants Abraha's army brought refused to enter the city of Mecca
Abraha sent a message to Abdul muttalib (care taker of the Kaaba at that time) responded by telling him that the owner of the sacred house would defend it.
when Abraha's army began the attack they were pelted by a cloud of birds with rocks causing many injuries as well as deaths and panic in the army causing an retreat
27
upbringing and early years of birth
the prophet was born on 12th rabi-al-awwal 570 A.D
his father Abdullah had died 6 months before his birth
his grand father Abdul Mutallib was most pleased to hear about his birth and prayed to Allah for the blessing he had gained.
due to the customs of the Arabs children were sent tot the Bedouin nurses in the desert in there early years. the prophet was set to live with Bibi Halima who belonged to banu saad.
28
reasons why young Arab children were sent to the Bedouins
to ensue they grew with a robust and healthy body and the lack of physical strength that were common in a urban upbringing and environment would no longer remain in these children
29
Prophets upbringing by Hazrat Halima and relatives.
Hazrat Halima was a Bedouin woman who belonged to the tribe of banu saad who were well known for their purity of the Arabic language. prophet Muhammad was entrusted in her care.
Bedouin women visited mecca to take the children the prophet was refused on the grounds that he was an orphan and the Bedouin would not revive any fortunes for their services.
hazrat halima took the prophet as she did not want to go home empty handed because she was ashamed thus took the prophet.
when hazrat halima took the prophet home her family households fortune increased
Bedouins kept the children for 2 years then were returned however hazrat halima wished to keep him for longer and took permission from hazrat Aamina (prophets mother)
One event under Bibi Halima's care was recorded. Once when the prophet PBUH went out with his foster siblings for grazing goats, a strange event was recorded by Abdullah Bin Harith who rushed to inform Bibi Haleema. Upon inquiry, and finding the prophet PBUH in shock, prophet Muhammad PBUH told her that two men dressed in white visited him. One asked the other, ''Is he the one?'' and the other confirmed a yes, after which he was grabbed and placed on the ground. His chest was cut and after searching for something which they threw away, these two men washed his heart in a gold basin full of Zamzam water and then returned the heart to his chest
later given back to Hazrat Aamina and lived with her for tree to four years
when the prophet came back his mother Aaminah took him to yathrib to meet a few relatives and visit the grave of the prophets father on the way back Hazrat Aaminah got ill and died
30
encounter with Bahira
since the age of eight the prophet lived and accompanied his uncle abu talib on trade journeys at the age of 12 the prophet went with abu talib to Syria.
once there caravan reached Basra they met Bahira who was a christian monk who never interacted with the passer-by caravans whoever he invited the prophet and abu talib inside his house after noticing the signs of prophet hood from the boy who was the prophet as trees were bending towards him and a cloud was following only the boy. Bahira then asked the prophet a few question ranging from the idol laat and Uzza the prophet replied with "do not ask me anything in the name of Laat and Uzza, i swear to Allah! i hate them the most".
Bahira informed the Quraysh that the boy was a messenger of Allah and told Abu Talib that his nephew was a special child and that if the Jews found out they would attempt to murder him thus abu talib should return back to mecca
31
reasons for the Prophets titles Al-sadiq and Al-Amin
given these titles due to his truthful and trustworthy conduct which he displayed during his forty years in mecca he neither lied and never engaged in activities that could hurt others.
he was thoughtful and virtuous in his conduct in mecca he never participated in questionable conduct in mecca and was always extremely honest and truthful in his dealings as a trading merchant another reason why hazrat khadija employed and married him
32
harb-Ul-Fijar
when the prophet was 15 years old a sacrilegious war broke out between the quraysh and hawazin tribes the war was called sacrilegious as it took place in the sacred months were fighting was forbidden. war fought due to a dispute on debt.
the prophet accompanied his uncles in the war however did not take an active part as all he did was collect arrows thrown by the enemy and hand them over to his uncles.
impotent as it helped the prophet grow a distaste for war as it lead to tragic results of bloodshed and the unnecessary human suffering helped the prophet gain military experience and also how to be a leader
33
Hilf-Ul-Fadhul
it was an agreement formed after Harb-Ul-Fijar.
due to the carnage and live lost as a result of the actions of the cruel, some kind-hearted men came together and decided to make efforts to maintain peace by forming a peace committee
agreement was to protect the rights of the weak oppressed and orphans some chiefs tired to oppose it and have it removed
first draft of an agreement on pre Islamic Arabia that stood for maintaining justice attended by the prophet and this shaped his belief in justice and morality.
34
main events leading to the revelation
when the prophet was around the age of 40, he started to distance himself from the corrupt practices of mecca he would isolate himself and meditate in the nearby cave of hira in the mount-Al-Noor.
one day within the cave and during the odd nights of ramdan, angel Jibreal appeared before him in human form and asked him to 'read' the prophet replied "i can not read " which was true as he was illiterate again the angel caught him forcefully and pressed him hard then realised him and asked him to 'read' the prophet replied the same thing that he could not and then the angel caught him again and pressed him harder that the prophet thought that he would suffocate and die on the 3rd time the angel asked the prophet to read the prophet said "what shall i read" then the angel hugged him again and said the following verses of Surah-Al-Alaq.
this marked the begaining of the first revelation. in fear the prophet rushed out of the cave and soon heard a voice from the sky when he looked up he saw the same angel who visited him siting on a throne between the sky and earth and spoke "O Muhammad! you are the messenger of Allah and i am Jibreal".
the prophet rushed to his house in fear and asked hazrat khadija to cover him up in a blanket he narrated the entire experience to her from which she replied that Allah would never disgrace him as he is a good soul who is kind to his kin and all those around him she also took the prophet to her cousin who was a christian scholar, Warqah-bin-Naufal. she wished to ask his advice and interpretation what the prophet witnessed.
35
significance of Revelation
impotence of this event included that this revelation signified the start of the prophets journey towards prophet hood and the rise of Islam and the way the prophet received the first few verses of the Quran began the start of the prophet career full of hardships and miracles and how the prophet will witness his own people turn on him.
36
stages of preaching
when the prophet received his new career of prophet hood he decided to preach the message of Allah to the masses however it was decided into two major stages
37
Early Preaching
The prophet decided to invite his closest kin and friends to Islam who believed him and initially give him a favourable reply. his wife hazrat khadija and adopted son Zaid Bin Harith were amongst the early converts within his household to accept Islam with the former being the first female adult to embrace Islam.
initially the quraysh did not pay full attention to the prophet's messages since there was a low number of people who were following Islam which is why Allah decided to encourage the prophet to preach the message of Islam openly the prophet thought that they would give him a favourable reply whoever it was mixed.
38
Open or Later stage of preaching
after three years of preaching amongst close kin the prophet received the divine order to preach openly and announce his mission publicly.
incident at Mount Safa:
prophet gathered the Quraish on the mount safa there he confirmed the trust of the quraysh by asking a question about an army was likely to attack them from behind a mount would they belive him the Quraysh showed complete trust in the prophet. then the prophet shared the message of the unity of Allah with the and invited the message of the one god by leaving idol worship. however listening to this the Quraish called him a liar and a madman, his uncle abu lahab disgraced him but few believed in him and converted.
disappointed by the reaction and rude manner of his uncle but yet determined the prophet continued to invite the different clans to Islam and even reach the pilgrims of Kaaba and soon many people started to convert leading the Quraysh to become concerned in the number of people converting to Islam
39
persecution faced by Prophet PBUH
noticed the growth and fame of Islam, the Quraysh held a meeting at their assembly hall where twenty-five men including abu jahal and they agreed that those who converted had not only betrayed the religion of their forefathers but that the prophet was the main cause of it. thus the prophet should be tortured
Initially the Quraysh turned to the prophets uncle so that he could convince him to stop preaching and abandon his faith abu talib did try to convince the prophet however he did not listen to him soon abu talib turned on the Quraish by announcing that he was going to not support the call to Islam however he was going to protect the prophet
the Quraysh turned to physically, mentally, verbally and morally torturing the prophet since the Quraysh could not kill the prophet as he was awarded tribal protection from his uncle
40
examples of persecution faced by the prophet
labelled him a magician, poet and lair demoting his social status
tortured the prophet physically by throwing rubbish on him an old woman would throw trash on the prophet while he walked on the street abu jahl also threw camel intestines on the back of the prophet while he was prostrating.
attempted to strangle him once the prophet was busy worshipping a member of the Quraysh attempted to strangle and choke him
called the prophet Abtar to emotionally torture him when both the prophets infant sons died in infancy the Quraish labelled him as "Abtar" (a man with no male descendants)
bribe the prophet when all the physical and emotional cruelties did not work on the prophet the Quraysh were determined to bribe him with offers of wealth prestige and a woman whoever the prophet rejected
41
opposition and persecution of early converts
in order to force the early converts to abandon their faith they were persecuted the Quraysh persecuted those who lacked power an security such as the poor and salves.
master were given the charge of torturing their salves to stop them from believing in Islam and practising it like how hazrat Bilal was persecuted by placing a heavy stone on his chest while he laid on hoot sand and let there to die whoever Hazrat Bilal responded by repeating "Ahad, ahad" [Allah is one]
42
boycott of Banu Hashim
realising that the early converts faith and the prophets message were resistant on their attempts of persecution and force they decided to convene a meeting where they boycotted both banu hashim and banu Al Mutalib.
seeing how the muslims were warmly welcomed in Abyssinia and the success of the migrations, they decided to adopt extreme measures in order to discourage the remaining converts from practising Islam, the Quraish also feared that Negus would help the muslims attack the Quraysh and thus wanted to stop it from happening . Quraysh could not harm the prophet due to his tribal support from his uncle thus boycotted support from other tribes.
events:
the Quraysh and other tribes engaged in a social and economic boycott against the muslims according to it none of the clans of mecca were allowed to intermarry or have social relations with banu hashim whether muslims or non muslims they were not allowed to conduct business relations with each other this was signed by all of the meccas leaders and hung on the wall of the Kaaba
due to this social and economic boycott banu hashim members were forced to retire and seek refuge in the valley that was on the outskirts of mecca and owned by abu talib called 'Shib Abi Talib' everyone from the tribe was included in the boycott did not matter if they were muslim or non muslims.
continued for three years where on different occasions they were forced to eat leaves and leather to survive as their food supplies were also boycotted. the valley would echo the weeping of children who cried out of hunger. Saad Bin Abi Waqqa mentioned that they once found leather that they would wash and boil to satiate their hunger and even securely buy from going caravans however abu lahab would intervene and buy the food double the price only exception was the holy months when some generous people would being food to the members.
eventually some meccas were touched by the suffering and tried to persuade the Quraysh to lift up the boycott whoever the Quraysh denied after this the mecca's told the Quraysh to look at the boycott on the wall of the Kaaba and it had complacently been eaten by termites
significance:
a mirical happened in front of the Quraysh's eyes as before the termites had destoried the treaty the prophet already knew it was going to happen and while the Quraysh saw the treaty it was slowly eaten in front of them.
Islam did not flourish but is showed how the muslims were still united even though the three year misery they faced.
43
year of grief [Aam-Ul-Huzn]
after the banu hashim boycott was lifted two of the prophets most closest people passed away which marked the prophets year of grief
the first death of his uncle abu talib who raised him when the prophet was young and taught him how to be a sales man trader and a leader and lost the tribal support and protection that he had
the second death was of his beloved wife hazrat Khadija who provided financial and moral support to the prophet at his worst times and her death meant the loss of the first female convert of Islam prophet lost his trusting confidant who supported him
44
marriage to hazrat Sawdah and Hazrat Ayesha
Hazrat Sawdah
after the prophets year of grief the prophet marred a widowed lady named Hazrat sawdah
reason for the marriage was to provide shelter to a widowed lady she was 50 years old and had lost her husband on the return journey to mecca after emigrating to Abyssinia.
another reason for the marriage was that the prophet was faced with the task of raising his daughters who had lost their mothers recently and to ensure they would properly be taken care of.
hazrat Ayesha
soon after marriage to Hazrat Sawdah he married hazrat Ayesha daughter of hazrat Abu Bakr
one reason for the marriage was that Allah sent a divine command in the dream of the prophet were he was proceeding with this marriage.
build better ties with his close companion hazrat abu bakr by marring his daughter
45
pledges of Aqaba
yathrib was an oasis town consisting of idol worshipping Arabs and the Jews during the 11 year of prophet hood the prophet along with hazrat Ali and hazrat abu bakr focused upon spreading Islam to the pilgrims who would come visit during hajj season 6 pilgrims were impressed with the message of the prophet and embraced Islam
46
1st pledge of Aqaba
6 converts returned to yathrib and spread the new of Islam and informed others about the arrival of the prophet as mentioned in the Jewish scriptures enthusiastic reaction.
12 year of prophet hood group of 12 people from yathrib connected the prophet to meet him at Al Aqaba (NEW INFO the prophet called the new converts to mount al aqaba because the prophet knew that with this large number the quraysh would find out about the ppl of yathrib converting )
they took a pledge at the hands of the prophet and swore to belive in the oneness of Allah, not to steal, kill, slander others or commit adultery.
the prophet sent Musab Bin Omair to preach Islam in yathrib accompanied by the 12 new converts. MBO later returned to Mecca informing the prophet that the people of yathrib are willing to offer their services to him and safeguard him from the Quraysh.
47
second pledge of Aqaba
soon in the 13 year of prophet hood a group of 73 men and 2 woman from yathrib took an oath at the hand of the prophet at Al-Aqaba and swore to follow Islam as well as invited the prophet to yathrib on the condition that they would protect him prophet warned the people of yathrib about the difficulties that they would have to face for inviting and protecting him but the were determined.
48
Significance of the Pledges of Aqaba
prophet attempted to gain support from other places like Taif had failed but latter the pledges that lead to the offer of the yatheribs to protect the prophet showed hope to the muslim and would allow another chapter of spreading Islam to be started. help muslims escape Quraysh persecution.
49
Reasons for the migration to Yethrib/Medina
after the success of the pledges of Aqaba the prophet decided to take the people of yathribs offer and start the hijrat from mecca to yathrib
the hijrat marks the start of the islamic lunar calendar and muslims record their events dating back this year.
the success of the pledges caused the prophet to belive in the people of yathrib as well as the yathrib peoples protection.
opposition of the quraish.
death of the prophets closest supporters
50
construction of the masjid 1st Hijrat
when the prophet migrated from mecca to medina he rode a she camel during the journey when he arrived in madina the prophet waited and followed the camel to the place were it rested or sat down these location was were the 2nd masjid of islam was going to be created it was owned by two orphan boys sohail and sahal this land was purchased by hazrat abu bakr.
importance of the masjid:
it would be a center were all muslims concerts to congregate and offer daly prayers
it would be the headquarter of state affairs where matters would be discussed
mosque would be a hub of education called 'suffah branch' to enhance islamic learning
51
how was the physical appearance of the mosque masjid-e-Nabwi
mosque was a simple square building made of unbaked bricks the roof was made of mud and date palm leaves and stones the pillars were made up of date palm trunks and a platform for poor muslim known as 'suffa'
52
call for prayer [Adhan]
after the creation of the masjid-e-Nabwi people started gathering for prayer without being called so the necessity of calling people for prayer at the appointed time difference methods were suggested like the blowing of a trumpet clapping or ringing of a bell however the prophet rejected these as these were used by the Quraysh or the jews.
the next day Abdullah Bin Zaid an ansari and Umae came to the prophet reporting a dream they had where an old man was teaching them the verses of the Adhan the prophet saw it as a true vision from Allah and told them to teach hazrat Bilal the verses.
thus the words of adhan were formed and taught to hazrat Bilal who became Islams first muezzin.
53
islamic brotherhood (mawakhat)
the prophet was focused on building the ties of brotherhood between the ansar (locals medina) muhagareen (migrating from mecca) . the muhajireen left there homes jobs houses and money in mecca and had nothing which is were brotherhood helped the muhajireen.
the ansar were ready to let the muhajireen inside there homes to feed them give them a home provide them with money and even pass their wives or daughters to them for marriage.
54
charter of madinah
when the prophet was establishing the bond of brotherhood among the believers the prophet was also keen on establishing a good relationship with the non muslims tribes in madina and so did the jews leading to the creation of the charter of madina
clauses:
prophet be the head of medina on all the affairs related to it.
ever clan shall redeem its prisoners with kindness and justice
no killing of people
every religion allowed to practice their beliefs openly
help during military war
55
the Continued Hostility of Quraish against muslims
3nd Year of hijrah the people of the Quraish were jealous of the muslims growing power of Islam in madina therefore kept a strict watch over muslims who had stayed behind in makkah and persecuted them, also had a secret contact with Abdullah Bin Ubai Bin Salul who was chief of the polytheists in madina he had converted to Islam but actually was working against them
56
Change of Qiblah
the holy prophet had a deep desire that the kaabah should be made to the Qibla for muslims
Allah listened and gave the prophet an order that the Qiblah be changed from masjid al aqsa to masjid al haram
57
fasting/saum and zakat
2 hijrat
made obligatory
58
Jihad
2nd year of hijrat made obligatory to the muslims
initially the muslims were allowed to fight the quraish and the pagan tribes which oppressed them later they were allowed to fight the jews and Christians as well however if they surrendered then they had to play jizya and forbid muslims from fighting them no matter what.
59
Bait-ul-Maal (The Public Treasury)
a public treasury known as Bait-Ul-Maal was set up in madinah for the first time in history people contributed their quote of zakat and other taxes towards a common fund to be used for welfare and relief.
60
battle of Badr reasons
Quraish were not happy with the peaceful settlement of the muslims and the prophet knew that the quraish were going to become evil at the same time the Quraish would occasionally attack the muslims grazing field burning their cattle and farms in the darkness of the night.
to counter this the prophet set up party patrols of 3 or less people to patrol the outskirts of madina one day the patrol spotted a caravan coming from syria to makka and reported to the prophet the muslims had blocked this trading root.
61
battle of badr events
Abu sufyan who had gone on a business trip to syria was returning and it belonged to the Qurish and had sold goods and swords thus had a lot of money on the caravan.
the prophet at first wanted to intercept it however later changed his mind the spy told abu sufyan and abu sufyan demanded an army from the quraysh to protect the
rest deleted sorry... not doing it again
62
significance of the battle of badr
the day of the battle of badr is known as the day of criterion
the victory inspired the muslims with a new hope and confidence of success.
strengthen the muslims and prophets position in madina
showed how the quraish large army was easily defeated
large number of people converted seeing the mirical of the war
the disbelievers were showed the true power of the muslim
63
Expulsion of Banu Qaynuqa
despite the amazing victory for the muslims in the battle of badr the jew of Banu Qaynuqa kept humiliating and harassing the muslims thus when an ansari woman went to a jewish market a Banu Qaynuqa man molested that ansari woman upon hearing her cries a muslims took her side in the fight and killed the jewish man from Banu Qaynuqa after this the muslims man was followed by men from the Banu Qaynuqa and killed when the prophet got to know about this he told them.
"fear Allah lest, Allah's curse should fall on you as in badr"
however the people of Banu Qaynuqa were not ashamed of there actions instead told the prophet that they would teach the muslims a lesson and declared war when the muslims came to fight the war the jews locked themselves in there fortress and the muslims took sige on it lasted a few fortnights until the jews gave up and the prophet told them to leave madina as a punishment thus 700 jews left to syria on 2 A.H.
64
Battle of Uhud reasons
3rd year of hijrat
the defeat of Quraish in the battle of badr was an insult to the Quraish thus they could not live without avenging it thus they created plans to attack the muslims again thus the Quraish sent messenger to other tribe members asking them if they wanted to join hands in attacking the muslims. abu sufyan and the Quraish decided that the money from the caravan of battle of badr was going to be accounted which was 1000 camels and 50,000 dinars
65
battle of Uhud events
the Quraish hired poets to entice the tribes into fighting the muslims. the Quraish also decided to bring along their women to cheer them to fight gallantly thus 2000 men left for the war and marched towards madina.
Abbas the prophet Uncle was closely watching the Quraish's armies preparation in makkah and sent an urgent message to the prophet telling him about the Quraish's plans. the whole madina was put on high alert meanwhile the meccan army stopped near uhad in a place called ainain.
the prophet consulted his companions on the situation a number of those muslim suggested fortifying madina the prophet was in favor of this however a majority of muslims wanted to fight in an open field the prophet approved.
on the 6th shawwal, 3 A.H after friday prayer was offered they marched onwards with an army number of 1000 to uhad the hypocrites leader Abdullah Bin Ubai left the army with 300 of him men saying
"we do not know why we shall kill ourselves"
this left the muslims with 700 men brecking the high moral of the muslims the prophet and his army reached uhad on the 15th of shawwal early morning.
they took positions within the rocks of uhud as there was danger of an attack from the rear therefor the prophet set 50 archers on mount Ainain under the command of Abdullah Bin Jubair, with institutions to not leave no matter what.
in the starting Quraish tradition ali and Hamza killed a number of eminent leaders from the Quraish army drawing anger from them. the muslims fought hard and killed several non believers that the non believers began to retreat.
however hamza who was fight bravely was killed by washi the slave of Jubair Bin Mutim who told the slave that if he killed hamza the slave would be free this death caused a deep loss for the muslims. however the muslims were still wining and the non muslims were running away when the archers the prophet set on the mountain Anain made a huge mistake.
the archers left there post in greed to collect booty of the war to become rich even after Abdullah Bin jubair warned them about what the prophet said.
at this time to caverly of khalid bin walid attacked the muslims from the rear and there weren't enough archers to prevent this the rear attack got the muslim army stuck from the front and the back leading to confusion and even more confusion went a rumor spread the the prophet had been killed however the prophet was not killed but was mistaken for someone else instead the prophet had fallen in a ditch however recovered by this time the muslims had started to retreat while the prophet was protected by his closest companions.
hamazas liver was also chewed raw by hinda who was abu sufyan's wife and wanted revenge on hamza who killed her father utba in the battle of badr
big defeat for muslims 70 muslims killed prophet spent the night fearing that the non muslims would attack madina next and end islam never happened tho.
66
significance of battle of Uhad
taught muslims a lesson to always obey the prophet order and remain united and disciplined
the believers and non believers were shown when the non believers abandoned the muslims
martyrdom is the highest rank of the true friends of allah and many companions were honored after there martyr.
Quraish realized they alone could not defeat the muslims thus needed back up
67
expulsion of banu Nadir
4th year of Hijrah
jews were happy with the defeat of the muslims in the battle of uhud thus banu Nadir tried to make an attempt to kill the Prophet and when he went to them and asked for help to pay blood money for some people who were killed by a muslim, by a mistake. however the banu Nadir leader tried to kill the prophet while he left with a bolder whoever it had missed the prophet. banu Nadir had officially voided the charter of madina the muslims then laid siege on there fortress and 15 days later the jews of banu Nadir surrendered and were told to leave madinah.
68
Battle of Ahzab reasons
soon due to the expulsion of two jewish tribes from madina the jews began to plot against the muslims again to avenge the expulsion of the two jewish tribes. the jews of madina were able to get the Quraish on there side and other tribes to help the jews in there plan.
69
battle of Ahzaab events
the Quraish, kinanah and other allies from tihama rallied and recruited an army under the leadership of Abu Sufyan and a number of small tribes all headed for madina with an army of 10,000 men so large that it outnumbered the number of muslims in madina including men women and children.
when the prophet got to know about the waged war he as usual consulted his companions where he liked the idea put forward by salman farsi an irani who suggested the muslim dig a trench around madinah to prevent the enemy from entering the city thus the muslims started digging the trench the prophet took an active role in the digging of the trench.
the northern part of madina was the most valerable as it was open land when the other sides covered by many large mountains thus the trench was only built on the northern side and the prophet was confident that the non muslims would march and enter from only the north.
when the non muslims arrvied they were supprised to see such a large trench stopping them thus as they had large ammount of food and water they laid siege on madina preventing anyone or goods from coming in or out of madina hoping the muslims would surrender due to starvation muslims were about 3000 in numbers and stood along the trench stopping the non muslims from passing the trench while the non muslims searched for a vulnerability in the trench however as they got closer the muslims pelted them with arrows.
Banu Quraizah had signed a peace treaty with the muslims and did not take a part with the non muslims for now but later the leader of the exiled banu nadir convicenced Banu Quraizah to join the non muslims and void the treaty.
the siege prolonged and lasted a month with the muslim archers preventing the non muslims entry during the seige to help the muslims Allah sent severe storms of wind and rain as well as cold air which struck so hard that there tents blew away along with there vessals and other equipments were thrown on there animals that ran in fear far from madina thus the non muslims were forced to leave due as they had nothing left to support the army like food water or cooking itunes
battle proved to be a battle of nerves rather than loss of human lives as no bitter fighting was recorded and were no force was used
70
Significance of battle of Ahzaab
great loss for the non believers
mccanns were not aware of this irani technique of building a trench thus didn't know what was going to happen if the went inside the trench
muslims had to face the causes of a siege it was worth it
71
End of banu Quraiza
during the battle of Ahzaab the jewish tribe banu Qurayza had voided there peace treaty with the muslims and joined the non muslims which is why the muslims laid siege on there fortrice after the war for 25 days untill they surrendered and the prophet ruled that all the men from banu Quraiza would be killed and there women and children would be taken as slaves.
no more jewish tribes left in madina
72
treaty of Hudaibiya
6th year of hijrah
the prophet had a dream where he had entered the Kaabah with his followers and was performing Umrah. he informed his followers of the dream and believe it was a vision from allah telling the prophet to take his companions for Umrah.
thus the prophet and his followers which were about 14,000 followers. the prophets wife, Umm-e-Salmah and a blind companion were appointed to deal with the affair of madina while the prophet was gone.
the muslims carried no weapons other than a sheathed sword for protection with no intention of war.
the prophet ordered everyone to wear there ihram upon approaching hudaibiya before they reached mecca there was another problem the quraish army had lined up on the entrance of mecca thinking the muslims were waging war due to the large muslim number.
the prophet appointed Uthman Bin Affan as a meessenger to go to abu sufyan and the other leaders to state the intention of the muslims whoever a long time had pased and Uthman did not return this was because the leaders got angery on seeing the muslims numbers and threw uthman in jail.
the muslims thought the quraish had killed uthman (killing of messenger was a way to declare war) thus the muslims swore to avenge the death of uthman and signed a pledge to do so "Bait ar-rizwan"
seeing this the quriash did not want to start another war thus returned Hazrat Uthman with a scribe to create a treaty with the muslims.
the muslim shall return this year back to madina with out performing umrah however they could return next year but for only 3 days
muslim must not come armed
no war for 10 years
if anyone goes from qurish to muslim they would be returned to qurish, muslims come to qurish they WILL NOT be returned
sadly after the treaty was signed by the prophet Suhail Bin Amr had escaped jail tourcher and came to the prophet to convert to islam however abu jandal saw him and told the prophet
"Muhammad, the agreement between us was concluded before this man came to you" he was retuned sadly but the prophet told him to be patient
73
result of the treaty of Hudaibiya
before the treaty non belivers of macca had no contact with muslims of madina. the treaty brought them closer to each other
74
battle of khyber reason
the jews of madina who had all been expelled from madina which included banu qaynuqa banu nadir and one more settled in khyber outside of madina. when they heard about the treaty of hudaibiya they did not like the unity between the Quraish and the muslims thus started planning to attack madina.
it had hardly been a month since the prophet and his followers return from mecca before they got to know what the jews were planning thus the prophet told the muslims to prepare to attack khyber.
75
battle of Khyber events
the prophet chose siba bin ar-fath al ghifani to run madina while the prophet was gone and set out with 1600 men to khyer in the month Muharram they reached on the 7 A.H and camped there for the night without the jews realizing. in the morning after fajr the muslims moved towards the jews fortrice the muslims caught the jews by surprise when the jews were gazing their fields.
they began yelling "Muhammad has come along with his force".
the jews rushed to their fortrice and shut it there were several fortices that the jews had thus the prophet didnt wanna siege it but attack it as the jews also wanted to fight .
first battle took place near the fort Naim in which Mahmood Bin Muslima was martyred but the fort was conquered as well as the rest of the fort however the famous fort of Qamus was a challenge as conquering it took more than 21 days one night the prophet got a revelation that allah would award someone from the army something special and in the morning they all gathered around the prophet. the prophet went to ali who had developed an eye sore, the prophet supplemented his saliva to his eye and his infection was cured ali went to then kill Marhab and conquer the fort of Qamus
after losing the fort Qamus the jews realized the end has come and requested the prophet to grant them peace on the condition that the jews pay half of the produce of their lands to the muslims the prophet accepted and left the jews alone
16 or 18 muslims died
when 93 jews were killed
76
significance of battle of khyber
muslims emerged the most powerful force in arabia
jews lost there power and prestige after the conquest of khyber
Allah casted fear in the hearts of the people of Fidak who lived near khyber who hasted to ask for peace from the prophet and be allowed safety from the muslims as they would pay jizya.
when returning from khyber to madinah the prophet married Safiyah Bint hai who was a widow of the jewish chief she accepted islam.
77
prophet performs umrah
according to the treaty of hudaibiya the muslims could return one year of the treaty to visit the kaaba to perform umrah for 3 days.
month of Zil Qa'dah the 7 A.H the prophet ordered his people to prepare for it 2000 emn and some women and 60 camels for sacrifice
qurish left the kaaba and went to the hills allowing the muslims to perform umrah.
78
battle of mutah reasons
most significant and fersist battle during the life of the holy prophet.
took place in Jamadi-ul-Ula in the 8th year of Hijrah.
Mutah is a village near syria.
the prophet sent Harith Bin umair Al-Azdi to go to the ruler of basra with a letter inviting him to Islam
on the way harith had been intercepted by Shurahbeel Bin Amr Al-Ghassani the governor of Al-Balaqa who killed Harith Bin Umair.
killing an messenger was a crime and a declaration of war thus the prophet was shocked on the news of hariths death and sent an army of 3000 men
79
Battle of Mutah events
most significant and fersist battle during the life of the holy prophet.
took place in Jamadi-ul-Ula in the 8th year of Hijrah.
Mutah is a village near syria.
the prophet sent Harith Bin umair Al-Azdi to go to the ruler of basra with a letter inviting him to Islam
on the way harith had been intercepted by Shurahbeel Bin Amr Al-Ghassani the governor of Al-Balaqa who killed Harith Bin Umair.
killing an messenger was a crime and a declaration of war thus the prophet was shocked on the news of hariths death and sent an army of 3000 men
Zaid bin harith (prophets son)was appointed to lead the army, jafar bin Abi Talib to replace him as well as Abdullah bin Rawaha.
Zaid left with a white banner, prophet suggested they reach the place of Hariths murder and first invite the people to islam then fight if they don't convert
muslims army marched northword to Maan a town on the border of syria. there news came that Heraclius mobilized 100,000 + 100,000 men from arabian tribes troops to fight the muslims however the muslims still wanted to fight the war thus it was started when all three of the leaders of the muslims were killed in the arabian war starting tradition the muslim army then elected Hazrat Abu Bakr as the next leader.
Hazrat Abu bakr rearranged the muslims in away that it made the non muslims think that more muslims had arrived to fight them and the muslims were in a larger number and the war began however stopped in the evening for the next day this rearrangement again by khalid bin walid and the tactics to bring the non muslims to the desert caused the non muslims to fear a lot and leave the battlefield in peace it was a somewhat victory for the muslims.
80
significance of the battle of Mutah
prophet and companions were in great sorrow for the deaths of the battle and the loss of brave lives
battle did not satisfy the muslims objective of avenging the death of Harith Bin Umair was achieved
battle proved the muslims were strong and determined people who would fight oppressors and
81
treaty of Hudaibiya stands dissolved
according to the terms of hudaibiya, arab tribes were given the option to going the treaty.
the Banu bakr joined the Quraysh and Banu Khuza joined the muslims
they lived in peace for some time until the qurish incested that banu bakr tribe attacks the Banu Khuza tribe.
on 8th hijrat without caring about the treaty of hudaibiya at the darkness of the night Banu Abu Bakr attacked Banu Khuza and the quraish helped them with arms and men.
the people of Khuza took shelter in Masjid-e-Haram and the people of Banu Bakr followed and killed them inside haram which was not allowed .
the prophet sent an ultimatum to the Quraish
pay blood money
terminate there alliance with Banu Bakr
void the treaty
the qurish voided the treaty the prophet saw this as a threat and the quraish would soon be in a bad position.
82
prep for the conquest of Makkah
for 20 years the qurish had been a constant source of trouble for the muslims they had attacked madina 3 times with the hope of ending islam but still failed. and now it was time for them to be punished there fro the prophet and his followers prepared to take the qurish for war one last time this plan was kept done secretly from others. full prep done on the 10th of ramadan 8th AH with the prophet and 10,000 men marching to makkah.
The Quraish had no idea of the muslims attack but the prophet did not wish to take them by surprise which is why before reaching the outskirts of makkah he ordered every solder to like a seperate fire for themselves but this idea just impressed the Quraish on the muslims might.
abu Sufyan went out to survey where he met Abbas the holy prophets uncle he informed abu sufyan about the muslims and advised him to accept islam thus abu sufyan went with Abbas to the prophet and embraced islam.
the prophet and his followers entered the kaaba and broke 360 idols one by one knocking them down with his bow.
when time of prayer came close prophet asked hazrat Bilal for Azaan from which he gave from the roof of the kaaba the prophet lead the prayer and stayed in makka for 19 days
83
Battle of Hunain compleat
reasons
conquest of makkah astonished the arabs and other tribes and the ruling tribe of Ta'if Banu Saqif who were enemies of islam still and disturbed on how makkah fell in the muslims arms as they thought they were next.
events
Malik Bin Awf the general leader decided to march towards the muslims and stopped in Hunain. muslims went for jihad with an army of 12,000 men marched to the valley of hunain as they advanced they were met with showers of arrows from all sides while the rest of Hawazins army attacked from the front. muslims fell back and fled however some strong companions stood with the prophet while the prophets uncle Abbas screamed out to the muslim
"O you Ansar! who sheltered and helped the muslims. O you Muhajireen! Who pledge under the tree Muhammad is alive and here he is on this side"
the muslims army returned shouting Labbaik! Labbaik! and began fighting fiercely allah aided the muslims with unseen forces of angel who fought beside the muslim
the prophet also threw sand at the opponents eyes saying "may your faces be shameful" as a result there eyes thinkend causing them to re treat in confusion leaving behind a large booty of 24,000 camels 40,000 sheeps 40,000 ounces of silver the muslims chased the fleeing enemy
84
siege of Ta'if
Muslims followed the feeling army from the battle of Hunain to taif and laid siege on taif it went on for a month the enemy did not come out but they hurdled stones and arrows to the muslim from there fortice caused deaths and wounds in the muslims army prophet left the army but still prayed for them.
"O Allah! Give guidance to the tribe of Saqif and send them to me"
ended when Banu Saqif embraced islam right after the prophet fred there prisoners.
85
Historical Speech of the prophet
While distributing the booty from the battle of Hunain the prophet gave a large amount to new converts of islam, ansar were jealous and confused saying
"The Holy Prophet has been partial to his own kinsmen. Our swords are red with blood but the Quraish as loaded with booty"
however the prophet reminded the ansar of how kind Allah was to the ansar and even though this on time they don't get booty instead prosperity.
the ansar were touched and cried tears all the way to there beards
86
The Tabuk Expedition
reasons:
due to the conquest of makkah islam had started to spread throughout arabia. because of this the Byzantine power which was considered the greatest military force at that time watched the conquest with great anxiety thus the wanted to put an end to the growth of islam which is why the teamed up with the romans and Hercules for a huge war
events:
when the prophet heard about the preparations of the Romans to attack the muslims. the prophet could not take the risk waiting for the enemy to strike first which is why he ordered the companions to prepare for jihad.
muslims preparation:
the weather was extremely hot and it was time for the crops to be harvested. the prophet encouraged the muslims to prepare for jihad as well as to pay charity in the name of Allah. Muslims began donating a lot for the war Uthman presented with 300 saddled camels, 50 horses and 1,000 dinars.
Abu Bakr gave all his property and Umar gave half his property, Abdur-Rahman Bin Awf gave 200 silver and others donated money and food like dates. women also gave away there Jewellery no one stopped from giving goods other than the Hypocrites. who desired to stay back in madina and made excuses about the heat they even tried to convince the prophet to not prepare for the war.
Muhammad Bin Maslamah Al-Ansari appointed by the prophet to become the general on the prophets apsents. Ali stayed back with his family for the purpose of safety.
on thursday on the month of Rajab the Prophet and his army marched towards tabuk with an army of 30,000 men. However despite all the high donations given by the muslims the army was still not fully equipped as there was a shortage of provisions and mounts (saddles) that caused 18 men to mount on one camel.
after about a fortnight of travel in the blazing sun the muslims camped at tabuk that laid between madinah and damascus. the romans had their spies all over the country the spires reported to the romans about the muslims army and the romans were so terrified that none of them dared to set out to fight.
CONCLUSION:
during the muslims stay in Tabuk, the head of the Ailah made a peace treaty with the prophet and agreed to pay Jizya and so did the christian tribes such as Jaraba and Azruh.
the Prophet gave them each a letter ensuring their peace and Safety.
the glorious return to madina:
after staying for about 20 days at Tabuk. the prophet and his army returned to Madinah Victorious without having to spread blood shed or violence. the hypocrites who stayed back gave lame excuses to the prophet the prophet still listened to them and invoked allah's forgiveness for them (side note idk this will give you 1 extra mark if your write that the hypocrites that stayed back in the battle of Tabuk were larger than 80 people)
significance:
confirmed the large influence and the growing influence of Muslims and Islam
muslims got great political benefits by getting the largest arab force on the muslims side
after the battle hypocrites gave up there attempts to ruin islam as they saw that Islam had now become unstoppable
87
Farewell sermon
On the 26th of Dhul Qada the Prophet proceeded with 10,000 followers left for Makkah and reached in eight days.
Stayed a night at Dhul Hulaifah then wore Ihram, made intention, recited Talbiyah, performed Tawaf and Sa'i.
Stayed at Mina and performed all 5 prayers (8th Dhul Hajj)
Reached Arafat and delivered the last sermon on a hill named Jabal-e-Rahmah and 100k people gathered around him. (9th Dhul Hajj)
"O people! Listen to what I say. I do
not know whether I will ever meet you at this place after this year."
"O people just as you regard this month this day, this city as sacred, so regard the life and property of every Muslim as a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners."
“Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed
meet your Lord, and that He will indeed reckon your deeds."
“Take my words to those who could not be present today."
"Allah has forbidden you to take usury (Interest) therefore all interest obligations shall henceforth be waived...."
"For the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will ever be able to lead you astray in big things, so beware of following him in small things." (Talking about Satan here)
"Worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramadan, and give your
wealth in Zakat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to."
"Your wives have certain rights over you and you have certain rights over them. Do treat them well and
be kind to them, for they are your partners and committed helpers."
"All mankind are from Adam and Eve; an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor has a non-Arab any
superiority over an Arab, also a white has no superiority over black, nor has a black any superiority over white, except by piety and good action.”
"As for your slaves, see that you feed them such food as you eat and cloth them with what you wear; and if they commit a fault you are not inclined to forgive, then part from them and do not treat them harshly."
"No prophet will come after me and no new faith will be born. I leave
behind me two things, the Quran and my Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray."
At the end he asked thrice to those gathered 'O people have I faithfully delivered my message to you?' and
the masses replied 'Yes!' Prophet (PBUH) then raised his forefinger to the heaven saying O Allah, bear
my witness.
A few days later, he received the last revelation, "This day I have perfected this religion for you completed my favor upon you and have chosen for you
Islam as your religion".
88
Farewell pilgrimage
It's the same answer as before BUT now we add the following :
Offered Dhuhr and Asr prayer together at Arafat and left for Muzdhalifa at Sunset where he offered Maghreb and Isha together, collected pebbles and stayed the night. (Still 9th Dhul Hajj)
After Fajr, went to Mina where he(S)
pelted seven pebbles at Jamarat-ul-Uqbah, sacrificed and offered Tawaf-e-Ziarat/Ifadah. (10th Dhil Hajj - Yawm-ul-Nahar)
He spent 11th, 12th and 13th Dhul Hajj (Days of Tashreeq) at Mina and stonned jamarat.
Offered Farewell Circumambulation (Tawaf-e-Wida) and ordered his companions to do the same. Upon
accomplishment of pilgrimage he (PBUH) headed to the city of Madinah. (13th Dhul Hajj)
89
The death of the Prophet
In 632 AD, the Prophet(S)' health started failing for about 20 days and his son Ibrahim, also passed away. He knew his end was near. the revelation of Surah-An-Nasr was a clear indication of the prophets end.
In Ramadan, he spent 20 days in seclusion rather than 10 during these 20 days the prophet also took the time to go over the Quran with Angel Jibreel 2 times.
Total number of his sick days were 13-14 days, in 11 of them he still led Muslims in prayer.
5 days before he said, "Do not make my grave a worshipped idol."
4 days before, tried to lead prayers in the mosque and fainted so made Abu Bakr(RA) do it.
1 day before, set his slaves free, gave 7 dinars as charity and all his weapons as free gifts for the Muslims
On his last day, told Fatima(RA) that she'd be the first one to follow him after his death, kissed both his grandsons.
Died in Aisha(RA)' apartment while He raised his hand up, looked upwards and said: "With those on whom you have bestowed Your Grace, with the Prophets and the Truthful ones, the martyrs and the good doers. O Allah, forgive me and have mercy upon me and join me to the most exalted Companionship on high". At the same time, his hand came down and he joined the most exalted Companionship on high.
Was 63 and died on the 12th of Rabi-Ul-Awwal 11 A.h.
The companions were extremely grieved and Hz.Umar(RA) threatened to kill whoever said that the Prophet(S) was dead
Abu Bakr(RA) said, "Men, whoever worships Muhammad. Let him know that Muhammad is dead. Whoever worships Allah, Allah is alive and immortal." Hz.Umar(RA) fainted out of grief and shock.
90
Qualities of the Holy Prophet
love of Allah:
prophet Muhammad was the chosen and the exalted one regarding this the quran says.
"indeed you stand on an exalted standard of character"
yet he was the most eager and earnest in paying namaz to Allah Al-Mughira bin Shu'ba reported that the prophet once woke up at night and stood up for prayer it had been such a long time that his feet became swollen on asking why the prophet continued his prayer he replied "should i not me a grateful servant"
the prophet was never at ease after praying Namaz and always seemed like he looked forward to the next time of reading namaz and remarked.
"the comfort of my eyes lies in prayer"
the companions also related that whenever the Prophet would have any trouble whatsoever he would pray to allah to fix it.
Honesty and Fair dealings:
unlike the other businessmen of the time, the prophet was extremely honest and fair with his dealings and was the most truth full merchant who never made a wrong statement ever. this gave him the two titles of Al-Ameen (the trust worthy) and Al-sadiq (the truthful).
Even his bitterest enemy Abu Jahl, didn't regard him as a liar.
Once he spent 3 days on the corner of a street waiting for a man who had promised to come back shortly and then said on the 4th day when he passed, "I have been waiting here for you for three days to keep my word."
Once he sold camels to a man only to realise one of them was lame and went looking for him to take the camel back and return the price.
One of the Prophet's(S) business partners Sa'ib reported that he always found him very honest in dealings.
Hospitality:
Even before his status of Prophethood, he was known to be extremely generous and would feed the poor and orphans.
His house was open to all regardless of their financial or social status including Non-Muslims.
Nobody ever left his house without receiving something.
He said, "Those who believe in Allah and the Last day should show hospitality to their guest."
Forgiveness:
He forgave even his most staunch enemies.
Ayesha(RA) reported that he never took revenge on personal grounds under any circumstances, rather dealt with kindness and good behaviour.
He freed people from the bondage of sin and made them great friends of Islam.
It is reported that once 80 men came down from Mount Taneem to assassinate the Prophet(S) at the time of Fajr, the men were captured but all were forgiven.
Even forgive the people who killed his daughter, Zainab(RA) and Hamza(RA).
The Quran says, "We sent you not, but as a mercy for the Alamin."
self reliance and Bravery:
in the battle of hunain when the enemy showered arrows the muslims scattered in confusion but the holy prophet remained
91
reason for the holy prophets marriages
1. to protect the widows and their children
many companions were martyred in various battle and hence the problem of taking care, protection and giving shelter to widows and their children arose
2. education for females
women should have an equal right to education as men on knowledge
3. political reasons
due to his marriages a number of his enemies daughters, their tribes became less hostile to the message of islam
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hazrat khadijah
she was the best of all women of her time. as before the advent of islam she was called tahirah (the pure one) she was the daughter Khuwaylid bin abd iluzza bin Qusayy bin Kilab.
she came from a wealthy family and she her self was a tradeswomen. she had hired the prophet to manage her trade to syria. noticing his good management, honesty and truthfulness she hers self proposed him in marriage and the prophets uncle abu talib and he agreed.
hazrat khadija was a widow at the time she was 40 and the prophet was 25 years old, she bore the prophets 6 children; 4 girls and 2 boys (died in there early childhood while all daughters expect fatima passed away during the prophets life in madinah)
khadijah was the first woman to belive in the message of muhammad and Jibraeel would ask the prophet to give salam to her oftain. she was one of the 4 woman mentioned as the best women of all time by the prophet.
"the best of women are four; mariyam bint imran, khadijah bint khuwaylid, fatima bint muhammad and Aasia the wife of pharoah"
during his life with Khadijah, the holy prophet did not marry an other women. Khadijah always genrous and kind to her kin she was the first person to confert the prophet after his first revelation
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hazrat Sawadah
working on it
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hazrat Ayesha
She was the third wife and daughter of Hz.Abu Bakr(RA).
She was known for her formidable memory (Narrated 2210 Ahadith) She was the means of spreading the Quran and the Hadith and imparted knowledge to famous scholars. Imam Zuhri said, “Ayesha was the greatest scholar among all the people and very eminent scholars used to enquire from her.” She also taught notable companions like Abu Hurairah.
She was born a Muslim and said, “When I got to the age of understanding my parents were already Muslims.” According to most traditions, she got married at the age of 9.
She was courageous and brave and would go to battlefields like in Uhud she carried leather bags on her back to demolish the soldiers thirst. She would go around inspecting the defense plan of the Muslims and she asked the Prophet(S) whether she herself could participate in battles but was refused.
She was fearful of Allah and kept herself busy in prayers and the Quranic verses Surah Nur 11-21 were revealed upon her defense when she was maliciously accused of adultery.
The Prophet(S) spent the last days at her apartment.
She was also politically active and spoke against wrongdoings, e.g. when Ammar e bin Yasir was brutally treated by the guards of Uthman she said publicly, “How soon have you forgotten the practice of your Prophet?” The battle of Camel was an evil plan devised by anti Islamic lobbies for which she left politics.
She died in 58AH on the 17th of Ramadan and was buried in Jannat ul Baqi at the age of sixty eight or sixty seven.
