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Theology and Philosophy > Islamic Practices > Flashcards

Islamic Practices Flashcards

1
Q

When does Ashura take place

A

The 10th day of Muharram

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2
Q

Why do Sunni Muslims celebrate Ashura?

A

Celebrate the day the Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt and the day Noah left the arc after the flood

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3
Q

Why do Shia Muslims ‘celebrate’ Ashura

A

Remember death of Hussein (Muhammad’s grandson) in the battle of Karbala

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4
Q

What is Salah?

A

Prayer with, and in worship of God, performed under conditions set by the prophet Muhammad

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5
Q

(Salah) Why do Muslims pray facing Makkah?

A

Makkah is the most holy place and by facing it they symbolise being closer to God.

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6
Q

(Salah) What is the Jummah prayer?

A

The Friday prayer .. most important day of the week and the most important Muslim prayers are at midday on Friday
There is a sermon and time for personal prayers, and Muslims make a special effort to pray at the mosque

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7
Q

Quote about Salah

A

Establish regular prayers- at the suns decline till the darkness of the night, and the morning prayer… and pray in the small watches of the morning (Quran)

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8
Q

(Salah) What is Wudu?

A

Washing Muslims do before prayer Muslims also pray on a prayer mat to keep themselves clean during prayer

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9
Q

(Salah) What is the difference in prayer between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

A

Sunnis pray 5 times a day but shias combine some of the prayers and pray three times.
Some movements of words are also different
When praying, Sunnis lie down and touch their forehead to the prayer mat but Shias may place their head to a clay block to touch their head to something more natural

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10
Q

(Salah) how is prayer conducted in the mosque?

A

Muslims particularly men will often pray in the mosque especially on a Friday
Women praying in the mosque pray separately from men

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11
Q

(Salah) How is prayer conducted outside of the mosque?

A

Women are likely to pray at home and not at the Mosque, men can pray at home too
Muslims can pray anywhere that is clean one function of the prayer mat is to make sure that the prayer place is clean

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12
Q

(Salah) Two reasons why Muslims pray

A

To thank God for what they have and it is one of the five pillars

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13
Q

(Salah) Significance of prayer

A

Muslims believe that Allah is there when they pray so prayer allows them to have a relationship with him
Muslims praying at the same time with others in the same place and all over the world helps to strengthen the Muslim community called the Ummah
Muhammad encouraged Muslims to pray Muslims believe that praying helps them to do good and act well in their lives

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14
Q

(Salah) Names and times of the five daily prayers for Sunnis

A 
Fajr- Just before sunrise 
Zuhr- just after midday 
Asr- late afternoon 
Maghnb- just after Sunset 
Isha- between sunset and 12 am
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15
Q

What is Sawm?

A

Fasting during Ramadan

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16
Q

Five roles and benefits of sawm

A
  1. Reminds Muslims of the hungry and the poor, encouraging them to help more
  2. reminds Muslims that food is not the most important thing
  3. Muslims submit to Allah (Islam and Muslim are both relate the Arabic word for submission)
  4. helps to become pure after sins
  5. teaches self-control also patience and discipline
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17
Q

Quote from the Quran about Sawm

A
  1. Ramadan is the month when the Quran was sent down, so everyone of you who was present during the month should spend it in fasting
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18
Q

(Sawm) Who is exempt from fasting during Ramadan?

A 
Pregnant women, 
breastfeeding women, menstruating women, 
young children, 
if you are travelling, 
If you are ill
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19
Q

(Sawm) What happens if you cannot fast during Ramadan?

A

If you are able to make up the fast you’re expected to do you so, e.g. someone who was ill and is no longer ill

If someone cannot make up a fast they may choose to feed a poor person for a day instead

If a Muslim has to break therefore it’s important that they had the intention (niyyah) initially to fast

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20
Q

(Sawm) Are things such as smoking and sex also included in Sawm?

A

They are luxuries in the same way that food is and should be sacrificed to give more time to Allah

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21
Q

(Sawm) What is the significance of fasting during Ramadan?

A

Ramadan was the month in which the Quran was first revealed to Muhammad

Allah is believed to chain up devils so that they cannot tempt Muslims

Ramadan is special and any good action such as fasting is believed to earn more favour with Allah in this time

As Muslims are fasting at the same, time this strengthens the Muslim community

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22
Q

(Sawm) What are a Muslims’ duties during Ramadan

A

When fasting Muslims do not eat or drink between dawn and sunset Muslims must also not have sex smoke or take medicines during this time and should concentrate on prayer and doing good

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23
Q

(Sawm) What is the night of power and a quote about it

A
  • The first night on which Muhammad received a revelation of the Quran from the angel Jibril is known as the night of power (Muslims disagree on whether he received the first part or all of the Quran at this time)
  • Muslims believe that praying on the night of power is very powerful and Allah’s likely to forgive sins of those who ask
  • “The night of power is better than 1000 months” (Quran)
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24
Q

What is Hajj?

A

A pilgrimage to Makkah which Muslims are expected to make at least once in their lifetime (if they are able). It has to take place at a particular time during the month of Dhu al-Hijjah

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25
Q

4 roles of Hajj

A
  • To remember Ibrahim’s sacrifice
  • To visit where Muhammad lived and the Quran was revealed
  • To fulfil a duty to Allah
  • To grow closer to Allah and spend time concentrating on faith and reading the Quran
26
Q

4 things about the significance of Hajj

A
  • Muslims visit h to he holiest places in their religion
  • Allows Muslims to move further in their spiritual journey
  • Something the whole Muslim community takes part in
  • It is one of the five pillars and Ten obligatory acts and completes the duties of being a Muslim
27
Q

Which Muslim festival begins during Hajj?

A

Id- ul- Adha

28
Q

Why do Muslims wear special clothing for Hajj?

A

To show the equality of the ummah, everyone is the same regardless of their wealth

29
Q

Ten obligatory acts of Shia Islam

A
  • Nahi Anil Munkar- forbidding what is wrong
  • Tawalla- loving good
  • Tabarra- hating evil
  • Salah- prayer
  • Jihad- struggle for Islam
  • Zakah- payment to help others
  • Hajj- a pilgrimage to Makkah
  • Amr bil Maroof- doing and promoting what is right
  • Kums - a tax on different things to Zakah
  • Sawm- fasting
30
Q

Quote about the Kaaba

A

‘God has made the Kaaba the sacred house’ Quran

31
Q

2 significances of the Kaaba

A
  1. Muslims circle it 7 times anti clockwise to represent tawhid and the unity of the ummah
  2. Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam. Muslims pray facing the Kaaba in their daily prayers as it represents the house of God and oneness of in Islam
32
Q

How to Muslims celebrate/ commemorate Ashura?

A
  1. Beat themselves or donate blood

2. Perform re-enactments of Husayn’s death to remember the events at Karbala

33
Q

Hajji definition

A

Someone who has completed Hajj

34
Q

Holy war definition

A

Fighting for a religious cause or God

35
Q

What are the 5 pillars of sunni islam

A 
Shahada - the declaration of faith
Salah - prayer
Zakah - a payment to help others and the muslim community
Sawm - fasting
Hajj - pilgrimage to makkah
36
Q

What does shahada mean?

A

The muslim declaration of faith “There is no other God but Allah and Muhamad is his messenger”

37
Q

When is Shahada used in a muslim’s life

A

Wispered in the ears of a newborn baby
in call to prayer
last thing you hear before you die

38
Q

Greater Jihad defenition

A

Personal, internal struggle of all Muslims to live in line with the teachings of their faith

39
Q

What is it called if Muslims pilgrimage to Makkah at times other than Hajj

A

the Umrah

40
Q

Holy war definition

A

fighting for a religious cause or God

41
Q

What is Id-ul-Adha?

A

A Muslim festival that celebrates the prophet Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son for God

42
Q

What is Id-ul-Fitr

A

A Muslim festival that celebrates the end of Ramadan

43
Q

Jihad defenition

A

A struggle against evil

44
Q

What is the Ka’aba?

A

The cube shaped building in the centre of the grand mosque in Makkah, the holiest place in Islam

45
Q

What is Khums?

A

A 20% tax paid by Shia Muslims on their excess income (profit)

46
Q

Lesser Jihad definition

A

Outward struggle to defend one’s family, faith and country from threat

47
Q

What is the Mihrab?

A

A niche wall that indicates the direction of Makkah in a mosque

48
Q

Pilgrimage definition

A

A journey by a believer to a holy site for religious reasons; an act of worship and devotion

49
Q

What is prostration

A

Kneeling with the forehead, nose, hands, knees and toes touching the floor in submission to God

50
Q

What is the Qiblah wall?

A

The wall in the mosque which contains the Mihrab

51
Q

Rak’ah

A

A sequence of movements in ritual prayer

52
Q

What is Ramadan?

A

The ninth month of the Muslim calendar, during which Muslims have to fast from dusk to sunset

53
Q

Recitation defenition

A

Repeating a passage or text from memory

54
Q

Sadaqah defenition

A

Good actions or voluntary payments that are undertaken for charitable reasons

55
Q

What is the night of power?

A
  1. The night when the first revelation of the Quran was made to Muhammad
  2. The festival that marks this
56
Q

What is zakah?

A

Purification of wealth by giving 2.5% of savings each year to the poor

57
Q

Influence of lesser Jihad

A

In modern times, certain understandings of lesser Jihad have lead to terrorism, or groups such as Islamic state trying to forcibly install a caliphate

Most Muslims feel this is wrong and not Islamic

58
Q

Origins of Jihad

A
  • There is guidance about greater and lesser Jihad in the Quran
  • Muhammad lead wars against non Muslims to extend the domain of Islam
59
Q

Why do Muslims pray facing Makkah?

A

Because it is their holy place and by facing it, they symbolize facing Allah and being closer to him

60
Q

How is Zakah given?

A
  • In some countries, Zakah is compulsory and is collected by the government
  • In many countries, Muslims will pay their zakah money to charities such as Islamic relief or to their local mosque- these will then distribute the money appropriately
61
Q

Significance of Zakah

A
  • Paying Zakah is believed to help Muslims to achieve salvation (getting to heaven on the day of judgement)
  • Paying Zakah helps Muslims to have a strong relationship with Allah as they are putting him before their own desires
62
Q

What country has the shahada on its flag?

A

Saudi Arabia

Theology and Philosophy (5 decks)

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