islamic practices Flashcards
what are the five pillars?
- shahadah
- salah
- zakat
- sawm
- hajj
what is the shahadah?
declaration of faith
what is salah?
5 daily prayers
- fajr: just before sunrise
- zahr: just after midday
- asr: late afternoon
- maghrib: just after sunset
- isha: between sunset and midnight
what is zakat?
charity / 2.5%
what is sawm?
fasting
what is hajj?
pilgrimage
what are the 10 obligatory acts?
- salah
- zakat
- sawm
- hajj
- jihad
- khums
- amr-bil maruf
- nahi anil munkar
- tawallah
- tabarra
what is jihad?
the struggle to keep belief in Allah and follow his rules
what is lesser jihad?
the struggle to defend islam against its enemies
what is greater jihad?
each muslims personal struggle to live a good life
what is khums?
20% annual tax with any profit earned by shi’a muslims - split between charities for islamic education and anyone decended from muhammad
what is amr-bil maruf?
encouraging people to do what is good
what is nahi anil munkar?
forbidding evil by discouraging people from doing what is wrong
what is tawallah?
showing love, for God and for those who follow him
what is tabarra?
disassociation, shi’a muslims are taught not to associate with God’s enemies
quote for this?
“Enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong.”
what do they have to do to prepare for prayer?
- wudu (washing hands, face, feet - with water or sand)
- face the city of Makkah
- niyyah, intention to pray
sunni practices?
- ONLY combine 5 daily prayers if needed
shi’a practices?
- more freedom to combine prayers - only pray 3x a day
- natural praying (clay etc)
what is jummah?
- communal prayers held on fridays just after noon at a mosque
- develops feeling of unity amongst muslims
do men or women have to go to Jummah?
men - obliged to go, unless too ill or old
women - dont have to go,, unless may choose to pray at home
when do muslims have to fast?
between sunrise and sunset during ramadan
who is not obliged to fast?
- children under 12
- old people
- people with medical conditions
- pregnant or menstrating women
- people who are travelling
what do muslims do if they miss a few days of fasting?
they make up for it after ramadn ends
what, other than eating or drinking, should muslims not do in ramadan?
- listen to music
- smoke
- alcohol
- sex
what is the night of power?
when angel jibril first appears to muhammad and began revealing the qur’an
what is the holiest night of the year?
night of power
what do muslims do on the night?
- stay awake
- study qur’an
- praying
- come together in mosque to celebrate
what is it said that happens to muslims on the night?
Allah will forgive sins
how much do muslims pay for zakah?
2.5% of wealth over time - they see wealth as a lone from allah, so they give back
literally, what does khums mean?
‘a fifth’
what is pilgrimage?
a compulsory event, unless unhealthy or poor, for muslims to do
only in the month of dhu’l-hijja (12th month)
origins of hajj?
- God told ibrahim to take his wife and son to arabia on a journey
- he then left them with food and water
- after they ran out of water, the wife ran between 2 hills
- she prayed to god and water came from the ground
- the source was called the ‘zamzam’ well
- then he built the ka’aba (box)
key events of hajj?
- dressing in pieces of white cloth
- circling ka’aba 7 times anticlocwise
- drinking from zamzam well
- walking between hills 7 times
- asking allah for forgiveness at mount arafat
- collecting pebbles
- throwing pebbles at jamarat
- sacrifice a sheep/goat for eid ul adha
- visit muhammad mosque/burial site
what is id-ul-adha?
commemoration of sacrifice and marks end of hajj - reminder of allahs blessings
origin for id-ul-adha?
- allah telling ibrahim to scrifice his son isma’il
- then being told to sacrifice a ram
- so now muslims sacrifice a sheep or goat
whats done on id-ul-adha?
- men and women attend morning prayers at mosque
- slaughter animal
- – 1/3 is kept
- – 1/3 is given to relative or neighbour
- – 1/3 is given to poor
- wear new clothes
- presents exchanged
what is id-ul-fitr?
- end of ramadan, day of thanksgiving
- celebrates finishing sawm
- zakah is held
- exchange gifts
what is ashura?
- special day for shi’a to commemorate death of hussein
- wear black
- reminder of suffering
