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GCSE AQA RELIGIOUS EDUCATION P1 > ISLAM PRACTICES > Flashcards

ISLAM PRACTICES Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the 5 fillars of islam?

A

Shahada - the declaration of faith
Salah - prayer
Zakah - charitable giving
Sawm - fasting
Hajj - pilgrimage

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2
Q

What are the ten obligatory acts?

A

Salah
Sawm
Zakah
Khums - 20% tax (half goes to charity and half goes to religious leaders)
Hajj
Jihad - the struggle to maintain faith and defend Islam
Amr-bil-Maruf - encouraging people to do what is good
Nahi Anil Munkar - Enjoining (what is) right and forbidding (what is) evil.
Tawallah - showing love for God and people who follow him
Tabarra - not associating with the enemies of God.

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3
Q

What is the shahada?

A

Decleration of faith

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4
Q

What is the phrase of the shahada

A

‘There is no God but Allah and Muhammed is the Prophet of Allah’ ‘and Ali is the friend of God’ (this shows their belief that Ali , Muhammad’s cousin and son in law was the true successor to Muhammad’) (only shia muslim believes this)

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5
Q

What do muslims do to become muslim

A

Sincerely recite the shahada in front of the muslim witnesses.

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6
Q

How many times do Muslims pray?

A

Sunni Muslims believe that in order to fulfil the second pillar of salah they must pray 5x a day.
Shia Muslims pray 3x a day.

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7
Q

what are the times of the prayer?

A

Fajr - just before sunrise
Zuhr - just after midday
Asr - afternoon
Maghrib - just after sunset
Isha - night

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8
Q

which prayers do Shia’s combine together?

A

Fajr
Zuhr and Asr
Maghrib and Isha
3x

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9
Q

what are the differences between shia and sunni muslims in prayer?

A

Shia’s prat 3 times a day whereas sunni doesnt.
Shia Muslims believe in using only natural elements when prostrating themselves in prayer , so they place a clay tablet at the spot where their forehead will rest.

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10
Q

what should muslims do to prepare for prayer?

A

perform ritual washing (wudu) before they pray to make themselves spiritually clean.

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11
Q

how is preparing for prayer achieved in Islam?

A

Muslims wash their face , hands, and feet under running water.
Mosques have two special rooms set aside for this , one for women and one for men.
If water isn’t available Muslims can ‘wash’ themselves using sand/dust instead. (this illustrates the fact that wudu is about becoming spiritually clean , not physical clean.)

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12
Q

why is preparing for prayer important?

A

the purification of wudu helps Muslims to fully focus on God in their prayers

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13
Q

which was is the direction of prayer for Muslims?

A

Face the city of Makkah

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14
Q

how is the direction of prayer achieved for Muslims?

A

in a mosque the Mihrab indicates the direction of Makkah , (this is a small niche in the Qiblah wall which is the wall that faces Makkah (Muslims use this to face the right direction when they pray))
Muslims can also use a special compass to indicate the right direction.

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15
Q

why is the direction of prayer important to Muslims?

A

praying in the same direction means that all Muslims are focusing on one place associated with God.

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16
Q

how is prayer inside a mosque?

A

Many mosques have carpets that look like rows of prayer mats , giving each person their own space to pray.
Led by an imam who is positioned at the front of the congregation ,facing the mihrab.
Men and women pray in different rooms.
The imam will lead the prayers from the men’s prayer room but his voice is broadcast in the women’s prayer room so he can lead everyone’s prayer.

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17
Q

what is rak’ah?

A

set sequences of actions and recitations

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18
Q

what actions do Muslim do during prayer?

A
  1. stand= the first chapter from the Quran
  2. bow= ‘glory be to my lord who is the very greatest’ = three times
    3.Stand and make a recitation praising God
  3. prostration - this shows complete obedience to god
  4. recite ‘god is the greatest’ first while sitting and then while prostrating.
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19
Q

what is jummah prayer?

A

special prayer that is held at midday on Friday.Men are expected to attend a mosque for this prayer , but Muslims are otherwise allowed to pray at home if they want to.
Imam will give a sermon that reminds Muslims about their duties to God.

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20
Q

why is prayer important to Muslims?

A

closer to God.

it motivates Muslims to do God’s will.

Unites Muslims around the world

commanded by God to pray.

the actions of bowing and prostrating reminds Muslims that God is greater than them

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21
Q

what is ramadan?

A

the most important month in the islamic calendar as it is when the angel Jibril started to reveal the Quran.

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22
Q

when did fasting start in Islam?

A

the command to fast was revealed to Muhammad an can be found in the Quran ‘It was in the month of Ramadan that the the Quran was revealed as guidance for mankind…so any of you who sees in that month should fast’.
it has been obligatory for Muslims to fast during Ramadan since the 17th Century.

23
Q

what does fasting involve?

A

Muslims get up everyday before sunrise to eat and drink enough to keep them going until sunset.
Food , drink , smoking and sex are forbidden during daylight hours.
The fast is broken at sunset. The evening meal is often shared with family and friends and followed by extra prayers and readings from the Quran.

24
Q

what are the exceptions to fasting during Ramadan?

A

Children and people who are ill, pregnant or breastfeeding can be excused from fasting.
People who cant fast are expected to makeup for it later if they can.

25
Q

why is Ramadan important?

A

shows obedience and dedication to God.
inspires Muslims to help those in poverty who cant afford enough to eat or drink.

26
Q

what is the night of power?

A

when angel Jibril first started to recite the Quran to Muhammad. Muslims celebrate this night during Ramadan

27
Q

what did Jibril say to Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) on the night of power?

A

‘read in the name of your Lord who created: He created man from a clinging form…who taught man what he did not know’ 96:1-5

28
Q

what do Muslims do on the night on power?

A

Muslims try to stay awake throughout the night on each of these dates praying ,studying the Quran.

29
Q

what is Zakah?

A

Muslims to give 2.5% of their savings every year. Muslims believe that giving Zakah helps them to purify their souls by removing selfishness and greed

30
Q

when did Zakah begin?

A

giving to charity is mentioned in the Quran many times, the exact amount that should be given was worked out at a later date by Muslims scholars.

31
Q

how much Zakah should be given?

A

only Muslims with savings greater then a certain amount (nisab) are required to give zakah.
Muslims with savings greater than the nisab are expected to give 2.5% of their savings once a year.

32
Q

who is Zakah given too?

A

Charity e.g islamic relief

33
Q

why is Zakah important?

A

fulfilling a duty to god.

strength Muslim community by supporting the poorest and weakest.

Muslims to have a good attitude towards money and to use their wealth in a way that would please god.

purification that helps Muslims to become closer to god.

34
Q

what is khums and who follows it?

A

khums = fifth
Shi’a Muslims gives 20% of their savings, half go to Shi’a religious leaders to be used for religious education or other religious matters and the other half is given to charity or the poor.

35
Q

what is Hajj?

A

an annual pilgrimage that starts and ends in the city of Makkah (Mecca) in Saudi Arabia . Every Muslim is expected to take part in Hajj at least one during their life.

36
Q

what is the origins of Hajj?

A

God told the prophet Ibrahim to take his wife Hajira and son Isma’il on a journey to Arabia. He then told Ibrahim to leave Hajira and Isma’il with some food and water.

Having run out of water, Hajira ran up and down two hills, Safa and Marwah, in search of more. Unable to find any water, she prayed to God and water then sprang from the ground. This source of water is called the Zamzam well.

When Ibrahim returned, he was commanded to build the Ka’aba as a shrine dedicated to Allah where worship would take place.

37
Q

why is Hajj important?

A

brings a person closer to God.
emphasises equality and unity.
leads to a person’s sins being forgiven.

38
Q

what happens on Hajj?

A

1.On the journey, Muslims change their clothes for two white cloths and enter the state of Ihram, (this shows equality)
2.The pilgrims arrive at the Great Mosque, a spiritual place for Muslims as it is viewed by many as Allah’s house. Here they circle the Ka’aba seven times, which is called Tawaf.
3.A drink is taken from the Zamzam well in remembrance of Hajira’s search for water. This shows Muslims’ dependence on Allah.
4.The pilgrims visit the hills of Safa and Marwah, and run between the two seven times to replicate the actions of Hajira. She was determined, as all Muslims must be, and they must never give up.
5. Muslims stop at Mount Arafat, the place where Muhammad gave his final sermon, and they pray while hoping to be forgiven for their sins. This is where the Day of Judgement will take place.
6. Muslims spend the night at Muzdalifa, a valley between Arafat and Mina. At Muzdalifa they collect pebbles, which are required for the following day.
7. They then travel to Mina, where they stone the Devil. They throw pebbles at three stone pillars constructed to represent the Devil. Ibrahim is said to have done this. It is important that Muslims show that they reject the Devil.
8. Id-ul-Adha is the Feast of Sacrifice, which is celebrated by all Muslims, not just those completing Hajj.

39
Q

what is jihad?

A

struggle against evil

40
Q

what is greater jihad?

A

Personal struggle of every Muslim to live by their teachings of their faith

41
Q

what does greater jihad involve?

A

follow the Five Pillars of Islam
forgive others
study the Qur’an
help those in need
avoid negative qualities, eg greed

42
Q

what is lesser jihad?

A

defending Islam from threat.

43
Q

what can lesser jihad sometimes be called?

A

holy war

44
Q

what are the rules for a holy war

A

approved by fair religious leader.
fought in self defence in response to a threat.
not used to gain territory or wealth.
not used to convert people to islam.
fought only after all peaceful methods to resolve the situation have been tried first.

45
Q

what is eid-ul-fitr?

A

muslim festival that celebrates the end of Ramadan.

46
Q

what is eid ul Adha?

A

muslim festival that celebrates Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son to God and marks the end of Hajj.

47
Q

when did Eid-ul-Fitr start?

A

the festival was started by Muhammad after he arrived in Madinah having fled from persecution in Makkah.

Muhammad told the people in Madinah that God has set aside two days for festivities:Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-Ul-Adha.

48
Q

what are the celebrations in Eid-Ul-Fitr?

A

gather together in mosques or large outdoor areas to say special prayers.

Muslims decorate their houses, wear new clothes , eat special foods and exchange cards and present.

Many Muslims visit their local cemetery to remember and pray for family members who have died.

in the Uk Islamic business may be give Muslims time off to celebrate.

49
Q

why is Eid-Ul-Fitr important?

A

allows Muslim to celebrate the end of a month
Way for Muslims to thank god for giving them the strength to complete the fast.
Way to thank god for giving his wisdom and guidance in the quran.

50
Q

what are the celebrations of eid ul adha?

A

Special prayers are held in the mosque.
Muslims visit family and friends and enjoy meals together (an effort is made to make sure everyone is included).
Muslims who are able to including those to who are taking part in Hajj will slaughter an animal.
In Britain some Muslims buy an animal from their slaughterhouse and share the meat with family and friends. traditionally some of the meat is given to the poor and now Muslims usually donate money to the poor instead.

51
Q

why is eid-ul-adha important?

A

remembers and celebrates Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his son to god . this reminds Muslims about the importance of showing complete obedience to God.
celebrates the completion of Hajj.
the festival allows Muslims around the world to connect with those on Hajj.

52
Q

what is ashura?

A

an important shia festival that remembers the day of Husayn at the battle of Karbala.

53
Q

what is the origin of ashura?

A

Ashura is a special and solemn day on which Shi’a Muslims commemorate the death of Hussein, Ali’s son, in battle of Karbala.
On Ashura, Muslims wear black and plays are often performed to remind Muslims of the events that led to Hussein’s death.

54
Q

why is ashura commemorated to Shia Muslims?

A

Shia muslims perform plays etc (to remind themselves of the event)

GCSE AQA RELIGIOUS EDUCATION P1 (4 decks)

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