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GCSE AQA RELIGIOUS EDUCATION P1 > ISLAM BELIEFS AND TEACHINGS > Flashcards

ISLAM BELIEFS AND TEACHINGS Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Akhirah mean?

A

Everlasting life after death

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2
Q

what is the definition of Allah?

A

the arabic name for God

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3
Q

what are angels in Islam?

A

spiritual beings believed to act as messengers of God

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4
Q

what does beneficent mean?

A

All loving, all good ; a quality of god

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5
Q

What does caliph mean?

A

person considered to be a political and religious successor to the prophet Muhammad
the leader of the Sunni community.

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6
Q

what does day of judgement mean?

A

a time when the world will end and every soul will judged by God and either rewarded or punished.

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7
Q

what does fairness mean to Muslims?

A

the idea that God treats people fairly and impartially without favour or discrimination

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8
Q

what is the gospels?

A

a holy book revealed by God to Jesus

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9
Q

what is the hadith?

A

The teachings of Muhammad

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10
Q

what is hajj?

A

The annual pilgrimage to Makkah that every Muslim should try to make at least once in their life.

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11
Q

what is heaven?

A

eternal happiness in the presence of God; also called paradise

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12
Q

what is hell?

A

Eternal separation from God

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13
Q

who is Iblis (Satan)?

A

a spiritual being created from fire who was thrown out of heaven for refusing to bow to Adam

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14
Q

what is eid-ul-adha?

A

a Muslim festival that celebrates the prophet Ibrahim’s willing to sacrifice his son for God

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15
Q

what does imam mean?

A
  1. a person who leads communal prayer
  2. in Shia Islam , the title given to Ali and his successors
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16
Q

what does immanent mean?

A

The idea that God is present in and involved with life on earth and in the universe.

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17
Q

what does Islam mean?

A

the name of the religion followed by Muslims; to surrender to the will of god ; peace.

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18
Q

who is Jibril?

A

the Arabic name for Gabriel , the archangel who brought god’s message to the prophets , particularly to Muhammad.

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19
Q

what does adalat mean (shia islam)?

A

the idea that god is just and fair and judges humans actions, rewarding the good and punishing the bad

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20
Q

what is the ka’bah?

A

the black cube-shaped building in the centre of the Grand Mosque in Makkah (Mecca) ; the holiest place in Islam

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21
Q

what does merciful mean?

A

the quality of God that shows compassion or forgiveness to humans, even though he has the power to punish them

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22
Q

Who is Mika’il?

A

• arabic name for michael ,
•archangel of mercy who rewards the good deeds and provides nourishment to people.

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23
Q

what does monothestic mean?

A

Belief in one God

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24
Q

what is a muslim?

A

One who has submitted to the will of god and has accepted Islam

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25
Q

what does omnipotent mean?

A

all powerful

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26
Q

what does predestination mean?

A

god has already determined everything that will happen in the universe

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27
Q

what is a prophet?

A

A person who proclaims the message of God

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28
Q

what does Prophethood mean?

A

someone who is made a prophet and helps us understand God’s message.

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29
Q

what is the psalms?

A

A holy book revealed by God to David

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30
Q

what is the quran?

A

the holy book revealed to Muhammad by the angel Jibril; God’s final revelation to humankind

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31
Q

What does resurrection mean?

A

rising from the dead or returning to life

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32
Q

what does risalah mean?

A

the channel of communication between Allah and humans

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33
Q

what is the scrolls of Abraham?

A

a holy book revealed by God to Abraham

34
Q

what is a shia muslim?

A

Muslims who believe in the Imamate, the successorship of Ali

35
Q

what does sunnah mean?

A

the teaching and deeds of Muhammad

36
Q

what does sunni mean?

A

Muslims who believe in the succesorship to Muhammad of Abu Bakr , Umar , Uthman and Ali

37
Q

what does supremacy mean?

A

supreme power or authority; a quality of God

38
Q

what does tawhid mean?

A

The oneness and unity of God

39
Q

what is the torah?

A

The five books revealed by God to Moses

40
Q

what does transcendent mean?

A

beyond space and time

41
Q

what are the qualities of Allah?

A

TAWHID - Muslims believe in one god called Allah. Everything is centred on the belief in one God.

OMNIPOTENT - Muslims believe they can seek strength in Allah and this gives them hope that what may seem impossible for them is possible for Allah

IMMANENT - Muslims believe Allah is in the world to help and guide them and is active in their lives , this means if they call on him he will answer.

TRANSCENDENT - Muslims believe that God can be both transcendent and immanent because although he created the universe (so is it outside) he is also within all things and able to act within it.

BENEFICENT - Muslims believe that Allah is good and so must trust that there is a reason for everything including suffering

MERCIFUL - Muslims believe that even when they do things wrong, with repentance , Allah will forgive them, Allah is the god of second chances

JUST AND FAIR - Muslims believe they will face justice on the day of judgement for their actions and must so live justly and fairly in their own lives so that they will be rewarded in heaven instead of punished (Shia Muslims believe in particular believe that people have full responsibility for their actions and god will reward or punish people depending on their choices they make)

42
Q

what are sunni six articles of faith?

A
  1. tawhid (oneness of allah)
  2. angels
  3. holy books
  4. prophets (risalah)
  5. judgement day
  6. al-qadr (predestination/fate)
43
Q

what are the shia five roots?

A
  1. tawhid
  2. prophethood
  3. adalat (justice)
  4. the Imamate (another group of Muslims believed that Muhammad has elected his cousin Ali successor Ali and his supporters believed that the true leader (Imam) has to be a descendant of Muhammad and chosen by God. Each imam would identify the next one before he died. Ali’s claim was ignored by many Muslims .Over time a split formed between Ali’s followers (Shia Muslims) and Sunni Muslims. today Shia Muslims only accept teachings and sayings of Muhammad that has been passed down through the imams and followers.
  5. day of resurrection
44
Q

what are the differences between Shia and Sunni Muslims?

A

Sunni leader (caliph) should be elected whereas Shia’s leader should be a descendant of Muhammad and chosen by God

Sunni Muslims believe only the Quran and the Sunnah have the authority to provide religious guidance. Shia Muslims believe the Quran , Sunnah and Shia leader have the authority to provide religious guidance

Sunni Muslims believe the Abu Bakr (Muhammad’s advisor) was the rightful leader after Muhammad death whereas Shia Muslims believe that Ali (Muhammad cousin/son in law) was the rightful leader after Muhammad death

Sunni Muslims believe in the six articles of faith whereas Shia Muslims believe in the five roots of Usul ad-din

45
Q

What does Surah 112 say about Allah? (tawhid)

A

‘He is God the One’

‘God the eternal’

‘He begot no one nor was He begotten’

‘no one is comparable to Him’

46
Q

what are the nature of angels?

A

-pure and sinless

-no free will

-are spiritual beings. created by God from light

  • constantly serve and praise God
  • take on a human form to give messages to people.
47
Q

what are the roles of angels?

A

They act as messengers to the prophets.

They take care of people.

They record everything a person does, and this information is used on the Day of Judgement.

Izrail, the Angel of Death, takes people’s souls to God when they die.

They welcome Muslims into Paradise and also supervise the pits of Hell.

48
Q

Why is Jibril important?

A
  • the angel of revelation
  • purified Muhammad’s heart when he was a child so he would later be able to receive gods revelation.
  • recited the Quran to Muhammad -continued to pass on gods message to Muhammad to guide him through the rest of his life
49
Q

Why is Mika’il important?

A
  • the angel of mercy
  • responsible for sending rain,thunder and lightning to earth
  • brings nourishment to earth and helps to provide food for humans ,by sending rain to the ground.
  • believed to reward people who do good deeds
50
Q

What do Shi’a Muslims believe about predestination?

A

God knows everything that is going to happen but he doesn’t decide what will happen.

Humans have full freedom to act and behave.

“God does not change the condition of a people unless they change what is in themselves” - Quran 13:11

51
Q

What do Sunni Muslims believe about predestination?

A

Allah has determined everything that is to happen and this is written down in the book of decrees.

Allah created all things , so we should act according to his will.

God is omnipotent and omniscient so less emphasis should be placed on freewill.

Humans have a choice in their behaviour.

“Only what God has decreed will happen to us” - Quran 9:51

52
Q

How does predestination and day of judgement influence Muslims?

A

Muslims who believe they have free will to make their own choices also believe they will be judged by God for there choices.

They believe that on the day of judgement god will judge them for everything they have done during their lives and reward or punish them as a result.

Even though God knows everything that will happen people are still responsible for their actions and will be rewarded or punished for them on the day of Judgement.

Most Muslims believe that humans cannot choose to do something if Allah has not already chosen that path for them.

53
Q

what do Muslims believe about the day of judgement?

A

they have the free will to make their own choice and also believe they will be judged by God for these choices.
they believe that on the day of judgement god will judge them for everything they have done during their lives and reward or punish them as a result
even though god knows everything that will happen people are still responsible for their actions and will be rewarded or punished.

54
Q

why is the belief of akhirah important?

A

Muslims regard life on earth as a year from Allah prepare them for eternal life

55
Q

What is barzakh?

A

The state of waiting until the day of judgement

56
Q

what 3 stages do Muslims believe about life after death?

A

barzakh , day of judgement , heaven/hell

57
Q

what do Muslims believe about barzakh?

A
  • after death the state of waiting until the day of judgement is called barzakh which means a barrier. people are unable to come back across the barrier to right wrongs or to warn people.
  • while they are waiting god sends 2 angels to question them about their faith

-depending on how they answer they will ether see the rewards that will or the punishments they will have to endure after the day of judgement

58
Q

what do Muslims believe about the day of judgement?

A
  • everyone who has ever lived will be raised from the dead (resurrected)
  • everyone will be given their own ‘book of deeds’ which is a record of everything they did during their lives
  • right hand = heaven
  • left hand = hell
59
Q

what do Muslims believe about heaven/hell?

A

-people who have kept their faith in God and done good deeds will be rewarded with heaven (paradise)

-people who have rejected God and done bad things will be punished with hell

60
Q

how many prophets are named in the quran?

A

25

61
Q

who is the first prophet?

A

Adam

62
Q

who is the last prophet?

A

Muhammad

63
Q

what does the Quran teach about Adam?

A
  • created from dust from the ground and Allah breathed his spirit into him
  • Allah gave him the knowledge and understanding he taught Adam the names of all things
  • god told the angels to bow down to Adam out of respect for his knowledge Iblis refused to bow down to Adam so god threw him out of paradise, Iblis vowed to always tempt humans to sin against god
  • god created Hawwa (eve) to keep Adam company and they lived together in the garden of bliss , god told Adam and Hawwa they could eat anything but the fruit from the forbidden tree , Iblis deceived Adam and Hawwa into eating the fruit from the tree , god expelled Adam and Hawwa from the garden and their actions brought sin into the world , god forgave Adam after he accepted his mistake and became the first prophet
64
Q

Why is Adam important to Muslims?

A

•gave him knowledge and understanding
•God taught Adam how to live a good life in obedience to God and passed on this knowledge to the rest of the human race through his descendants.

65
Q

Why is Ibrahim important?

A
  • fulfilled all the tests and commands given to him by God
  • showed great faith in God
  • good role model for muslims
  • muhammad was one of his descendants through his son , ishmael

-he proclaimed belief in only one god at a time when people worshipped many different gods and idols

66
Q

How was Ibrahim a good role model?

A
  • he refused to worship idols and instead preached that there is only one God (Ibrahim became determined to stop idol worship, one day he took an axe and destroyed all the idols in the temple of his town , people were furious and demanded that he be burnt alive he was thrown into a pit of fire but the fire only burnt his chains and he walked out alive)
  • He rebuilt the Ka’aba (after noahs flood)
  • He was willing to sacrifice his son to God. (ibrahim had a dream in which god asked for him to sacrifice his son to him , ibrahim was willing to do this but just before he carried out the sacrifice god stopped him and told him he passed the test)
67
Q

why do muslims celebrate eid-ul-adha?

A

Muslim kills an animal to remember Ibrahim’s willingness to sacrifice his own son out of obedience to god

68
Q

why is muhammad important?

A

•because he is ‘God’s messenger’ (Quran 33:40).
•He received the Quran from God, which all Muslims use as the basis of their faith.
•He is also remembered for helping to fully establish the religion by conquering Makkah, and for having travelled to heaven where he was in the presence of God.

69
Q

what is the story of ‘revelation of the quran’ ?

A

-grew up in Makkah he would sometimes visit a cave in the mountains to meditate and pray

-in 610 CE he visited the cave and experienced a revelation from Jibril

over the next 22 yrs Muhammad continued receiving revelations they were combined together to form the Quran

70
Q

what is the story of ‘conquering makkah’ ?

A
  • After the first revelation from Jibril Muhammad started challenging people in Makkah to follow gods teachings
  • Muhammed was persecuted and fled with his followers to Madinah
  • In Madinah he united with warring tribes and with their help he conquered Makkah converting the city into Islam

this helped to bring harmony to this region and firmly established Islam as a religion

71
Q

what is the story of ‘the night journey’

A

-Before Muhammad fled to Madinah angel jJbril took him on a journey to Jerusalem then into heaven and he spoke to many prophets and saw huge signs from god

  • In heaven Muhammad agreed with god that Muslims should pray 5x a day (Sunni Muslims practice this)
72
Q

what do Shi’a muslims believe about the imamate?

A

Shias believe that Muhammad chose Ali (cousin) as his successor

After Ali death Shia Muslims were led by 12 imams

this was the beginning of the imamate

Imams are necessary because people need guidance on how to live correctly and they can interpret the Quran and Islamic law without fault (because they were appointed by God)

73
Q

Why is the Imamate important in Shi’a Islam?

A

Shia Muslims believe that Muhammad cousin Ali succeeded as imam Shia Muslims believe that when each imam died it should be their son who continues on.

the twelver branch of Shia Muslims believe that 12 imams and that the last imam has been kept alive by god and in hiding ready to return with Isa to bring justice to the world

the twelver believe Muhammad received Allah’s law but the imams preserve this and help guide people in following it this is why the imamate is important to Shia Muslims.

74
Q

what do Sunni Muslim believe about what happened after Muhammad death?

A

They believed that after Muhammad died a new leader should be elected , Sunni’s elected Abu Bakr as their first caliph.

75
Q

what is the content of the quran?

A

-contains a mixture of historical accounts and advice on how to follow god

  • there are 114 chapters all together in the Quran
  • Muslim children are encouraged to learn Arabic so they can read Quran properly without needing to someone to translate it for them.
76
Q

Why is the Quran important to Muslims?

A

-original word of god which was revealed to Muhammad

  • it contains the foundations of the beliefs and is the most sacred text
  • it is believed to be infallible (without error) and therefore is a source of authority on the laws and practice how to be a Muslim
77
Q

what is the history of the quran?

A

-Quran was revealed to Muhammad by angel Jibril

  • Jibril was directly passing on god’s word
  • Jibrils revelation occurred over a period of about 22 years
  • Muhammad learnt each revelation by heart and recited these and write these down
  • as Islam spread there was a danger that the original word would be distorted so the the third Caliph asked team of Muslim scholars to compile an official version of the Quran every Muslim could use this was completed around 650CE
78
Q

what do Muslims think about the Torah?

A

-they believe that Torah was given to Moses (Musa)

-mentioned 18 times in the Quran

-they believe that it is essentially the first 5 books of the bible, however over time things have been added and taken away from original text so its not correct

79
Q

what do Muslims think about the psalms?

A
  • they believe that it was revealed to David (Dawud)
  • mentioned 3x in Quran
  • many Muslims believe they are similar to the psalms in the bible but again the ones in the bible have been changed and are not the direct word of god
80
Q

what do Muslims think about the gospel?

A
  • it was revealed to Jesus (Isa)
  • its mentioned in the Quran
  • they believe that the original gospel has been lost but some messages are found in the bible
81
Q

what do Muslims think about the scrolls of Abraham?

A
  • the scrolls were given to Abraham (Ibrahim) and is mentioned in the Quran however these scrolls have been lost and no longer exist

-they are believed to be one of the earliest scriptures of Islam which was revealed by God to Abraham.

GCSE AQA RELIGIOUS EDUCATION P1 (4 decks)

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