Islam - Beliefs and Teachings Flashcards
What is the Sunna and Hadith?
The Sunna is the record of the actions of the prophet Muhammad.
The Hadith is the recording of the prophet Muhammad’s sayings.
What is Sharia law?
Shari’a law is a set laws based of the Sunna and the Hadith put together by Muslim lawyers.
What are the main differences in Sunni and Shi’a Islam?
- Sunni Muslims believed prophet Muhammad’s successor should be Abu-Bakr (the 1st Caliph),
- Shi’a Muslims believed it should have been Ali (4th Caliph), so they disregard the Caliphs before him.
- Shi’as believe Allah chose 12 Imams, who are direct descendants of Muhammad, and Allah will send the 12th Imam to Earth as a Messiah to bring peace (instead of prophet Isa).
- Sunni Muslims believe the belief in Imams is close to Shirk, as the Imams are believed to have semi divine qualities, challenging Tawhid.
- Sunni Muslims believe in predestination, Shi’a Muslims do not.
- Shi’a Muslims believe there is an objective right and wrong that Allah follows, Sunnis believe everything Allah does is right simply because he does it.
What are the Six Articles of Faith (Sunni Islam).
1 - Tawhid (oneness of Allah)
2 - Belief in the angels of Allah
3 - Belief in the books of Allah
4 - Belief in the messengers of Allah (the prophets)
5 - Akhirah (afterlife)
6 - Al Qad’r (predestination)
What are the 5 Roots of Usul ad-Din (Shi’a Islam).
1 - Belief in Oneness of God (Tawhid)
2 - Belief in Divine Justice (Al-Adl)
3 - Belief in Prophethood (Al-Nubuwwah)
4 - Belief in Imams (Al-Imamah)
5 - Belief in the Day of Resurrection (Al-Ma’ad)
Quote on the 6 articles of faith / 5 Usul ad-Din.
“Righteous is he who believes in Allah and the Last Day and the Angels and the Scriptures and the Prophets…”
What are Allah’s believed traits? (+ quotes)
- infinite (no beginning or end)
“the eternal, absolute” - omnipotent (all powerful)
- omniscient (all knowing)
“knower of the seen and the unseen” - merciful and benevolent
“the all merciful, all compassionate” - transcendent (above human understanding)
“there is none like him” - immanent (close, involved in our lives)
“we are closer to him than his jugular vein” - fair and just
What does the belief in Tawhid mean for Muslims?
- There is no being like Allah, and he is eternal and all powerful.
- Humans depend on him.
- Muslims want to please Allah, leading their lives in obedience
- Muslims give their whole lives to devote to the will of Allah
- They seek to become his servant.
What is Al-Imamah (explain Shi’a belief about Imams)?
- Successors and direct descendants of Muhammad
- 12 Imams chosen by Allah
- infallible, inspired by Allah
- appointed to preserve the religion after Muhammad’s death
- protected from commiting sin, keeping the religion pure and true
- First 11 were matryed, the 12th is in occulation waiting to reappear
- Allah will send 12th Imam as a messiah at the end of the world.
Explain Shi’a belief in Divine Justice.
- There is an objective framework of right and wrong.
- Allah is perfect and always acts in a way that is morally right.
- Humans are able to use their reason to work out what is morally right and through free will we should act in the correct way.
- At the Day of Judgement Allah judges people according to the moral framework and send people to heaven and hell
- Therefore there is no predestination.
Explain Sunni belief in Divine Justice.
- There is no objective right and wrong
- Everything Allah does is right simply because he does it.
- Predestination (Allah determines all human action)
What is Prophethood?
- Prophethood is the means of communication between Allah and humans.
- A prophet is a messenger, chosen by Allah to teach, guide and train people to follow him.
- They give guidance on how to follow Allah and live their lives in a way that pleases Allah.
Explain who Adam was and his life.
- The first prophet of Islam, created in Allah’s image
- Adam and Hawwa ate from the forbidden tree and Allah sent them out of Jannah to live on Earth
- All humans descend from Adam
Explain who Ibrahim was and his life.
- Ibrahim is described as ‘a man of truth’
- born into a polytheistic family
- told the people of Babylon that they were wrong to worship idols
- Ibrahim was ready to sacrifice his son Isma’il, but Allah provided a ram.
Explain who Isma’il was and his life.
- Isma’ils father (ibrahim) left him and his mother in the desert.
- Hajar ran 7 times between 2 hills (Safa and Marwa) in search of water
- 8th time before, he kicked the ground, and water sprung.
- him and his father rebuilt the Kaaba