Islam - Beliefs and Teachings Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Sunna and Hadith?

A

The Sunna is the record of the actions of the prophet Muhammad.
The Hadith is the recording of the prophet Muhammad’s sayings.

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2
Q

What is Sharia law?

A

Shari’a law is a set laws based of the Sunna and the Hadith put together by Muslim lawyers.

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3
Q

What are the main differences in Sunni and Shi’a Islam?

A
  • Sunni Muslims believed prophet Muhammad’s successor should be Abu-Bakr (the 1st Caliph),
  • Shi’a Muslims believed it should have been Ali (4th Caliph), so they disregard the Caliphs before him.
  • Shi’as believe Allah chose 12 Imams, who are direct descendants of Muhammad, and Allah will send the 12th Imam to Earth as a Messiah to bring peace (instead of prophet Isa).
  • Sunni Muslims believe the belief in Imams is close to Shirk, as the Imams are believed to have semi divine qualities, challenging Tawhid.
  • Sunni Muslims believe in predestination, Shi’a Muslims do not.
  • Shi’a Muslims believe there is an objective right and wrong that Allah follows, Sunnis believe everything Allah does is right simply because he does it.
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4
Q

What are the Six Articles of Faith (Sunni Islam).

A

1 - Tawhid (oneness of Allah)
2 - Belief in the angels of Allah
3 - Belief in the books of Allah
4 - Belief in the messengers of Allah (the prophets)
5 - Akhirah (afterlife)
6 - Al Qad’r (predestination)

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5
Q

What are the 5 Roots of Usul ad-Din (Shi’a Islam).

A

1 - Belief in Oneness of God (Tawhid)
2 - Belief in Divine Justice (Al-Adl)
3 - Belief in Prophethood (Al-Nubuwwah)
4 - Belief in Imams (Al-Imamah)
5 - Belief in the Day of Resurrection (Al-Ma’ad)

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6
Q

Quote on the 6 articles of faith / 5 Usul ad-Din.

A

“Righteous is he who believes in Allah and the Last Day and the Angels and the Scriptures and the Prophets…”

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7
Q

What are Allah’s believed traits? (+ quotes)

A
  • infinite (no beginning or end)
    “the eternal, absolute”
  • omnipotent (all powerful)
  • omniscient (all knowing)
    “knower of the seen and the unseen”
  • merciful and benevolent
    “the all merciful, all compassionate”
  • transcendent (above human understanding)
    “there is none like him”
  • immanent (close, involved in our lives)
    “we are closer to him than his jugular vein”
  • fair and just
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8
Q

What does the belief in Tawhid mean for Muslims?

A
  • There is no being like Allah, and he is eternal and all powerful.
  • Humans depend on him.
  • Muslims want to please Allah, leading their lives in obedience
  • Muslims give their whole lives to devote to the will of Allah
  • They seek to become his servant.
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9
Q

What is Al-Imamah (explain Shi’a belief about Imams)?

A
  • Successors and direct descendants of Muhammad
  • 12 Imams chosen by Allah
  • infallible, inspired by Allah
  • appointed to preserve the religion after Muhammad’s death
  • protected from commiting sin, keeping the religion pure and true
  • First 11 were matryed, the 12th is in occulation waiting to reappear
  • Allah will send 12th Imam as a messiah at the end of the world.
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10
Q

Explain Shi’a belief in Divine Justice.

A
  • There is an objective framework of right and wrong.
  • Allah is perfect and always acts in a way that is morally right.
  • Humans are able to use their reason to work out what is morally right and through free will we should act in the correct way.
  • At the Day of Judgement Allah judges people according to the moral framework and send people to heaven and hell
  • Therefore there is no predestination.
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11
Q

Explain Sunni belief in Divine Justice.

A
  • There is no objective right and wrong
  • Everything Allah does is right simply because he does it.
  • Predestination (Allah determines all human action)
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12
Q

What is Prophethood?

A
  • Prophethood is the means of communication between Allah and humans.
  • A prophet is a messenger, chosen by Allah to teach, guide and train people to follow him.
  • They give guidance on how to follow Allah and live their lives in a way that pleases Allah.
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13
Q

Explain who Adam was and his life.

A
  • The first prophet of Islam, created in Allah’s image
  • Adam and Hawwa ate from the forbidden tree and Allah sent them out of Jannah to live on Earth
  • All humans descend from Adam
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14
Q

Explain who Ibrahim was and his life.

A
  • Ibrahim is described as ‘a man of truth’
  • born into a polytheistic family
  • told the people of Babylon that they were wrong to worship idols
  • Ibrahim was ready to sacrifice his son Isma’il, but Allah provided a ram.
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15
Q

Explain who Isma’il was and his life.

A
  • Isma’ils father (ibrahim) left him and his mother in the desert.
  • Hajar ran 7 times between 2 hills (Safa and Marwa) in search of water
  • 8th time before, he kicked the ground, and water sprung.
  • him and his father rebuilt the Kaaba
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16
Q

Explain who Musa was and his life.

A
  • Musa was an Israelite kid, his mum left him in the Nile River
  • adopted by the pharaoh’s wife, his mother was his nanny
  • accidentally killed Egyptian trying to help an Israelite slave
  • Musa led the Israelites, river Nile split, Tawrat
17
Q

Explain who Dawud was and his life.

A
  • King of Israelites, prophet
  • heroic things, such as killing giant Goliath
  • Nation of Israel prospered under his rule
18
Q

Explain who Isa was and his life.

A
  • Isa is believed to be the messiah (Sunni) that will return on the D of R to bring Muslims together
  • Isa was born to the virgin Maryam, and performed many miracles
  • Isa didn’t die, Allah took him into his presence.
  • Injil.
19
Q

Quote about God as the guardian and keys.

A

“God is the creator of everything. He is the guardian over everything. To him belong the keys of heavens and the earth.”

20
Q

Describe beliefs about angels in Islam.

A
  • Created from Nur (divine light)
  • They exist to carry out the will of Allah and do not have free will
  • They are obedient, free of sin, and are immortal
  • Angels help humans and through them Allah communicates with his messengers on Earth
21
Q

Describe the role of Jibril.

A

Jibril is an angel who brought Allah’s message to Muhammad and all the other prophets.

22
Q

Describe the role of Izra’il.

A

Izra’il is the angel of death and is responsible for the ending of each person’s life.

23
Q

Describe the role of Mika’il.

A

The angel Mika’il is the guardian of heaven who also send rain, thunder and lightning to Earth by the command of God.

24
Q

Describe the role of Israfil.

A

The angel Israfil is the angel of the Last Judgement and will blow the trumpet on the day of resurrection.

25
Q

What do Muslims believe about the Qur’an?

A
  • The unaltered, true word of God
  • it contains guidance on what Muslim’s should believe and how they should live their life in accordance with Allah
  • (Sunni), the Qur’an is eternal
  • (Shia), the Qur’an is the essence of God, and Imams can add to it.
26
Q

Quote about angels and their qualities.

A

“They do not disobey Allah’s commands that they receive: they do precisely what they are commanded.”

27
Q

Explain different Sunni schools of thought on predestination.

A

Jabarriyah:
- All human actions are determined by Allah (he is omnipotent and omniscient)
- Humans have no free will
- But then how is god merciful and benevolent, and how are we judged?

Ashari:
- God created everything including human actions
- Humans can acquire the act and make a choice
- Therefore predestination and free will both exist
“on the day of judgement, we shall bring forth a book which they will find wide open”.

28
Q

Explain different Shia schools of thought on predestination.

A

Mu’tazilah:
- Human free will existing means there is no predestination
- Free will determines what happens, not Allah
- on the day of judgement, fate is determined by divine Justice
- there is no mercy for those in hell

Shi’a:
- Partial free will, Allah knows it all
- Allah can choose to change anything any time
“indeed Allah will not change the condition of a people until they change what is in themselves.”

29
Q

Explain Muslim beliefs about Akirah.

A
  • This life is a test, in preparation for the next eternal life
  • We are representatives of Allah, expected to act as stewards of his creation
  • How well we follow Allah’s commands will be judged
  • Day of Judgement, each person is judged by Allah
    You either go to hell or hell (Jannah or Jahannam).
30
Q

What is Barzakh?

A

The period of waiting between death and the day of judgement.

31
Q

What happens in Sunni and Shi’a Islam before and on the day of judgment?

A

Sunni - Isa is sent back to Earth as the messiah, and he will bring true Muslims together
Shi’a - the 12th Imam will return and bring true Muslims together
Everyone has to walk across a bridge to heaven, and those weighed down by the weight of their sins will fall to hell.

32
Q

Explain beliefs about Heaven.

A

Jannah:
- beautiful garden, full of happiness, everyone is young, it is eternal
- there are 8 gates, based on the levels of what good deeds you did
- it is in a constant state of peace

33
Q

Explain beliefs about Hell.

A

Jahannam:
- Place of punishment and eternal suffering
- Fiery pit “bursting with fury”
- The non-believers stay there forever, the bad believers can eventually get into heaven (divine intercession).