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Intro Western Religion > Islam > Flashcards

Islam Flashcards

1
Q

Caliph

A

Prophets successor as the head of the Muslim community

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2
Q

Fatwa

A

Ruling issued by a traditional religio- legal authority

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3
Q

Fiqh

A

Jurisprudence or the theoretical principles underpinning the specific regulation contained in the shariah

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4
Q

Hadith

A

Body of texts reporting Muhammad’s words and example taken by Muslim’s as a foundation for conduct and doctrine

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5
Q

Individual unit of literatire

A

Hadith

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6
Q

Haji

A

Annual pilgrimage to meca

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7
Q

Halal

A

Ritually acceptable most often used in the context of slaughter of meat dietary restrictions

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8
Q

Huram

A

Forbidden - taboo - re actions

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9
Q

Hijrah

A

Prophets migration from Mecca to establish a community in medina

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10
Q

Hijab

A

Woman’s head covering

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11
Q

Imam

A

Religious leadership position n Islam

Head of Muslim community

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12
Q

Used to refer to leaders and Abraham in the quran

A

Imam

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13
Q

Jihad

A

Struggle in defence of faith some are military others some spiritual

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14
Q

Kaaba

A

Small cubicle building in middle of courtyard of the great mosque in mecca

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15
Q

Miraj

A

Prophets miraculous journey to heaven

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16
Q

Ramadan

A

The month throughout where muslims fast during daylight hours

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17
Q

Salat

A

Prescribed daily prayers said 5 x a day

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18
Q

Shahadah

A

Muslim profession of faith in god as the only god and in Mohammad as gods prophet

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19
Q

Shariah

A

regulations of Islamic law

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20
Q

Fiqh

A

Jurisprudence or theoretical discussion of the law

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21
Q

Shiia

A

One of two branches of islam

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22
Q

Rejects first three Sunni caliphs and regards Ali the fourth caliph as Muhammad’s first true successor

A

Shiia

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23
Q

Sunni

A

Larger of the two branches of Islam - differs from Shi’a in its understanding of the sunna and its conception of religious leadership and its acceptance of the three caliphs

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24
Q

Sunnah

A

The life example of Muhammad’s words and deeds based mainly on the Hadith literature primary source of guidance for Muslim’s

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25
Q

Ummah

A

Muslim community

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26
Q

Zakat

A

Prescribed welfare tax of 2.5 percent of each Muslim’s wealth - now donated to charity

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27
Q

Social and economic implications of Muhammad’s revelations

A

Charity
Giving
Not charging interest on loans

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28
Q

Muhammad moved to Medina because

A

There was a plot to kill him
Inifidel unrest
He was a neutral mediator helped settle disputes between Jews christians and muslims

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29
Q

How do good works fit into Muslim teachings

A

Muhammad emphasized action and good works included integrity in situations of war - good will seen as acts of piety devotion

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30
Q

Why is Muhammad seen to be the seal of the prophets

A

He recovers the final revelation for humanity - the Quran

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31
Q

Main cause of sectarian division after death of muhammad

A

Appointing a successor
Sunni believed Muhammad had not designated a successor
Shi’a thought he had appointed Ali his cousin and son in law

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32
Q

Significance of the Shahadah

A

Muslim profession of faith in god as the only god and in Muhammad as gods prophet that this is true and accept all commitments of the faith

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33
Q

The components of salat or daily prayer

A

5 x a day
Ritualistic wash
Cycle of bowing kneeling prostration
Can occur anywhere

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34
Q

How has zakaret shifted in the contemporary context from the original practice

A

After decentralization of Islam Zakariyah becomes voluntary as opposed to the responsibility of the individual

35
Q

Ramadan

A

Month where muskims fast during daylight

36
Q

Ramadan emulates what

A

Muhammad’s meditative trips - used to develop a more personal relationship with allah - refrain from smoking and drinking as well

37
Q

Stages of haji

A

Move around sacred object 7 x
Run back and forth between 2 hills
Drinks from well of zamzam

38
Q

Shariah law

A

Divine law given to Muhammad from god

39
Q

This includes how a person should act with others and a persons relationship with god

A

Shariah law

40
Q

2 subgroups in Shi’a islam

A

7’s and 12ers

41
Q

Who is the 12 imam

A

Mahdi

42
Q

When Mahdi returns to earth what will happen

A

Bring forth the apocalypse lead the righteous

43
Q

How can honour killings be seen as cultural not religious

A

Has to do with shame faced by family due to conduct of daughter

44
Q

How does Quran describe women and their rights

A

Women have same religious duties - equal modesty for men and women

45
Q

Why do women wear a veil

A

Tradition
Pressure
Religious identity
Emulation ofmuhammads wives

46
Q

Four key features of a mosque

A

Fountain large place for kneeling and lying out pulpit for Imam images niche in wall closest to Mecca showing correct position for prayer

47
Q

Al Qaeda ideology

A

Remove Americans from Muslim countries to reduce influence
Liberate the holy mosque so that the lands are not threatened by western influence
A caliphate cannot be established until western forces are defeated and out of Muslim countries

48
Q

This violates mainstream Muslim beliefs

A

Suicide bombing

49
Q

In the quaran can women own property

A

Yes

50
Q

How does quaran see women

A

Sees in women human dignity and social emotional personality that were denied in many societies

51
Q

Does Quran mention hijab

A

No - it demands modesty for men and women and says no jewellry

52
Q

Five pillars of islam

A 
To declare and bear witness that there is no god except god
Muhammad is the messenger of god
Establish regular worship
Pay the alms
Observe Ramadan
Perform haji pilgrimage
53
Q

Islam is an Arabic word meaning

A

To surrender

54
Q

For the Islamic religious tradition Islam means

A

A persons total submission to gods will

55
Q

Islam minor musical movement is

A

Sufism

56
Q

What is a tribe

A

A component of a larger tribal society

57
Q

In biological terms a tribal society is

A

Class

58
Q

A particular tribe is the

A

Order

59
Q

Clan is a

A

Family

60
Q

The adoption and incorporation of Jewish and Christian practices by Islam was facilitated by

A

All three shared a monotheistic concept of the divine

61
Q

Teachings of Muhammad that are adhered to by Muslim’s are found in

A

Qu’arn and Hadith

62
Q

Quaran

A

Recorded words of allah as revealed to Muhammad

63
Q

Hadith

A

Words and actions of Muhammad as recorded by eye witnesses to the events

64
Q

Five basic beliefs in Islam

A

Belief in allah
Belief in angels
Belief in allahs messengers
Belief in final judgement on the last day

65
Q

Five practices also known as

A

Five pillars

66
Q

Five practices of Islam

A 
No god but allah
Alms for the poor
Prescribed prayers
Fasting - Ramadan
Hajj pilgrimage to Ka’ba in Mecca
67
Q

Shahada

A

Bearing witness that there is no god except allah

68
Q

Zaqat

A

Alms for the poor 2.5 % of wealth

69
Q

Salat

A

Daily prayers

70
Q

Swam

A

Fasting

71
Q

Tawhid

A

Absolute oneness of god

72
Q

3 important religious developments of Islam

A

Early consolidation and spread of Islam
Sunni Shiite split
Emergence and development of Sufi sect

73
Q

Sunni beliefs

A

Caliphs lead
Authority of Hadith and sunnah
Shariah law rooted in their interpretation of quaran
Quran is eternal
Leaning to predestination - allah exercises his influence in individuals

74
Q

Shiites believe

A

Divinely inspired imams lead
Authority of imam
Literal meaning of quaran - distrust Sunni interpretation
Believe in existence of Mahdi who will return to usher in era of justice
Strong emphasis on free will

75
Q

Four main Sunni schools of shariah

A

Hanifite
Malikite
Safiite
Hanabalite

76
Q

Hanifite

A

Most liberal school

Focus on analogous reasoning

77
Q

Malikite

A

Emphasis on consensus of scholarly opinion

78
Q

Safiite

A

Classical form of Islamic law
Synthesizes othe4 schools
Emphasis on quaran hadiths consensus and analogy

79
Q

Hanabalite

A

Most conservative

Literal quaran

80
Q

Number of primary Islamic states

A

43

81
Q

Extremist groups seeking to purify Islam and defeat enemies of Islam

A

Al Qaeda

Isis

82
Q

Islam is more concerned with orthopraxy or orthodoxy

A

Orthopraxy

83
Q

Feast of sacrifice

A

A requirement of hajj

84
Q

Feast after Ramadan

A

Feast of fast breaking

Intro Western Religion (10 decks)

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