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Great Civ Exam 2014-2015 > Islam > Flashcards

Islam Flashcards

0
Q

What is the Hejaz?

A

Farm land on the west coast

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1
Q

What is the terrain like in the Arabian Peninsula?

A

Desert

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2
Q

Who were the two groups before Mohammed?

A

The bedouins (nomadic desert dwellers) and the Hezajis (city dwellers)

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3
Q

Why was Mecca important?

A

Because of religion and trading

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4
Q

What was the religious stone?

A

The Kaaba

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5
Q

Did Islam have priests?

A

No because “spiritual equality”

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6
Q

Basic facts about Muhammeds childhood:

A
  • He was illiterate
  • He was an orphan
  • He was from Mecca
  • And was viewed as an unlikely profit
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7
Q

Who was Khadijah?

A

Mohammed’s wife and employer (who was a wealthy widow)

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8
Q

How did Mohammed get reached from God?

A

He was meditating and Gabriel the Angel came and spoke to him

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9
Q

What was the Hegira?

A

In 622 AD it was Mohammed’s flight from Mecca to Yathrib

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10
Q

What did Yathribs name get changed to?

A

Medina, meaning “city of profits”

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11
Q

What does the term “Islam” mean?

A

“Submission to the will of Allah”

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12
Q

What kind of religion is Islam?

A

Monotheistic, only believe in Allah as the supreme God

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13
Q

What is the Holy Book called?

A

The Quran “gods last revolution”

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14
Q

What are the 5 pillars?

A
  1. The statement of faith (shahada)
  2. Praying 5 times a day (salat) (created unity)
  3. Charity (alms, zakat)
  4. Fasting (sawn) during month of Ramadan
  5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
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15
Q

Who was the first caliph?

A

Abu Bakr

16
Q

Why was there growth of the empire?

A

Motivation (jihad, economicly needed agriculture) and a strong military and neighbors were weak

17
Q

How did they treat the conquered?

A

They were tolerant as long as abided by Muslim rule and paid taxes

18
Q

What did the 5th caliph do?

A

He made it a hereditary dynasty and changed the capital to Damascus (Syria)

19
Q

What type of government was present?

A

Monarchy or theocracy (religious)

20
Q

How did the Umayyad dynasty end?

A

Overthrown

21
Q

What were the problems with the Umayyad dynasty?

A

Tensions created by ethnic problems and religious (Sunnis and Shiites)

22
Q

What did the Sunnis and Shiites separately believe in?

A

The Sunnis believe in the Umayyad dynasty

And the Shiites believe in Ali

23
Q

What was the capital of the Abbasid dynasty?

A

Baghdad

24
Q

What was considered the golden age of Islam?

A

The Abbasid Dynasty

25
Q

Why was the Abbasid Dynasty so successful?

A

Trade, inventions, and opportunities

26
Q

What happened in 1258 AD?

A

The Mongols sacked Baghdad

27
Q

How would you describe the political aspect of Islam?

A

“No rigid line between church and state”

28
Q

Was trade important?

A

Very, because agriculture was horrible and Islam had three great trade centers: Baghdad, Damascus, and Cairo

29
Q

What was the largest class?

A

The middle because of high amounts of merchants

30
Q

How were women treated?

A

Had basically no rights, could only leave house for 3 reasons. But could own property, and had respect.

31
Q

Who was Ali?

A

The 4th caliph

32
Q

Who was Harun al-Rashid?

A

He was the best caliph during the Abbasid dynasty

33
Q

What is the definition of Islam?

A

“Submission to the will fof the Allah”

34
Q

What is a hajj?

A

Pilgrimage to Mecca

35
Q

What was the caliph?

A

The secular leader of the Islamic Community

36
Q

What is “a struggle in the way of God”, a holy war, or spreading of Islam known as?

A

Jihad

37
Q

What are Islams most significant accomplishments?

A

Math (algebra, geometry, physics), science (astronomy, chemistry, alchemy), medicine (hospitals, germs), paper (literature), preserved greek-roman works,

38
Q

Why didn’t any of Mohammed’s children become his successor?

A

None of his sons were alive at his passing, and his daughters could not become rulers

Great Civ Exam 2014-2015 (6 decks)

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