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islam Flashcards

islam beliefs and practices ocr

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1
Q

what does islam mean

A

submission- to allah

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2
Q

main difference between sunni and shi’a muslims

A

sunni muslims accept abu bakr as first caliph and succesor to Muhammad (pbuh) as the leader of ummah( community) followed by 2 more and then ali became 4th caliph

shi’a believe that ali shouldve been first caliph

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3
Q

six articles of faith for sunni islam

A

tawhid
malaikah
kutub
risalah
akirah
al-quadr

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4
Q

tawhid ( simple)

A

belief in the oneness of allah

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5
Q

malaikah (simple)

A

beliefe about angels

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6
Q

Kutub( simple)

A

belief about holy books

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7
Q

risalah (simple)

A

belief about prophethood

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8
Q

Akirah ( simple)

A

belief about life after death

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9
Q

Al- quadr

A

belief about predestination

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10
Q

5 roots of usul ad-din in sh’ia islam

A

Al-tawhid
Al- Adl
Al Nubuwwah
Al imamah
Al-Ma’ad

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11
Q

Al Tawhid ( simple)

A

belief about oneness of allah

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12
Q

Al adl (simple)

A

Belief in divine justice

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13
Q

Al Nubuwwah (simple)

A

belief in prophethood

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14
Q

Al imamah (simple)

A

Belief in Imams

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15
Q

Al Ma’ad (simple)

A

Belief in day of resurrection

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16
Q

Al adl

A

divine justice
there is an objective right and wrong
shi’a muslims believe that you make the choices but you will be judged on the day of judgement - humans have free will

whereas sunni muslims believe that what is right and wrong is up to allah- predestination, have no control

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17
Q

differences in prayer for shi’a and sunni

A

shi’a pray 3 times a day ( still do all 5 prayers)
sunni pray 5 times a day

shi’a muslims pray on a clay slab

‘and ali is his friend’ added to call to prayer by shi’a muslims

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18
Q

Tawhid

A

oneness of allah
most important belief - shared by sunni and shi’a muslims

allah has knowledge of everything- stops people from sinning as he will find out - including thoughts/ motivation

‘lord of all the worlds’
‘one and only’

however shi’a muslims aren’t seen as fully believing in tawhid as they believe in the 12 imams who are often seen as semi divine

holy trinity is wrong- polytheistic religion

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19
Q

how many names does allah have

A

99 names
e.g the subtle one
the perfectly wise,
the only one - al-wahid

legend has it that there are 100 names but the 100th name is known only to the camel.- reinforces belief that allah is beyond human comprehension

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20
Q

risalah

A

belief in prophethood

allah’s guidance was given to prophets in other scriptures e.g tawrat,zabur(psalms) etc- all written down after death of prophet and distorted by human interpretation

all of these were before the qur’an- only qur’an is reliable as it is in its original form
prophets are perfect and sinless

25 prophets mentioned in qur’an

Muhammad special- final prophet

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21
Q

difference between rasul and nabi

A

rasul receive revelation in form of book
nabi- revelation but no book

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22
Q

adam as prophet

A

first man - first prophet
all human’s are descended from him
angel’s bowed in respect to him
adam and Hawwa( eve) ate the fruit and asked for forgiveness- allah gave it to them- guided them to earth

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23
Q

Ibrahim( as a prophet)

A

Ibrahim(abraham)
‘man of truth’ 19;41 Qur’an
born into polytheistic family- didnt like it - disagreed
father of arab people

resisted devil (iblis)- prepared to follow instructions of sacrificing his son- life of commitment

suhuf ibrahim - scrolls of abraham

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24
Q

Isma’il

A

son of Ibrahim- blessing from allah

found water in Makkah- where kaaba stands

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25
Q

Musa (prophet)

A

Musa- moses

Jewish
led the Israelites out of egyp
Tawrat -Torah- 10 commandments

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26
Q

Dawud

A

david
prophet and king of israelites
killed goliath- hero
the zabur- book of psalms

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27
Q

Isa

A

Jesus
the injil( the gospel)
sunni muslims believe that he is the messiah- return on day of resurrection and bring together true muslims

miracle performer

did not die- allah took him into his presence

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28
Q

what does the seal of prophets mean- and divergent views on it

A

Sunni Muslims believe that Muhammad was the seal of prophets- he was the last prophet and sealed the Qur’an shut

Shi’a muslims believe that Allah has given further revelations to imams

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29
Q

life of muhammad

A

born in makkah
was a trader- known for his generosity and wisdom
night of power- received his first revelations

then returned to cave where he received further revelations

retook mecca as an islamic city
destroyed all idols
died and buried in Medina

muhammad was the founder of islam

courageous- protected the ummah

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30
Q

what are the 5 holy books

A

Qur’an, tawrat, zabur,injil,sahifah ibrahim

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31
Q

angels

A

Malaikah

angels created from divine light
have no free will- must obey allah
angels record all of your good deeds

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32
Q

4 angels

A

jibril
mika
izra’il
izrafil

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33
Q

Jibril

A

chief angel
600 wings covering the sky
brought god’s message to a ll of the prophets
sometimes takes shape of a man but only muhammad saw him in his natural form

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34
Q

Izra’il

A

angel of death - think ill
brings the news of punishment to non-believers
his job is to seperate human’s soul from their body
if you are a believer , he takes you to be in paradise with allah

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35
Q

Mika’il

A

guardian of heaven
only mentioned once in the qur’an
according to muhammad, this angel sends rain, thunder and lightning to earth

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36
Q

Izrafil

A

The angel of last judgement
blows a trumpet to announce day of resurrection
when he first sounds the trumnpet, everything will be destroyed
on the second blast of trumpet, all humans who have died will be brought back to life

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37
Q

kiraman katibin

A

angels who record each person’s acts - good and bad in life
record good intentions but dont record bad ones until acted upon- allah is merciful

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38
Q

Al quadr

A

predestination
sunni islam

allah knows everything that has been , is and will be - in his control

sunni believe they have a limmited free will-everything is ordained by God

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39
Q

Al ashari

A

sunni theology
humans have some freedom of action and total freedom of thought but only god has the power to create these actions

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40
Q

Mu’tazilah

A

shi’a theology
god allows human suffering to test faith
humans MUST have free will as a perfect kind god is incapable of causing evil

the reward or punishment that allah gives can only be fair if the creature truly has free will

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41
Q

divergent view for predestination

A

jabariyyah muslims -humans have no free will at all- everything that allah has willed will happen

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42
Q

Akirah/ sort of al-ma’ad

A

belief in life after death
soul taken from body and awaits its fate in Barzakh until the day of judgement
the dead will be resurrected and each person will be judged by allah

43
Q

what is Barzakh

A

waiting period between death and day of judgement
some believe that soul’s experience will be affected by how moral their life was
others believe that the soul is given a temporary body

44
Q

Day of judgement for sunni muslims

A

Isa will reappear and bring together true muslims
others believe that isa will battle until islam left as the one true religion

45
Q

shirk

A

depicting god

46
Q

shi’a day of judgement

A

twelth imam will return as he is the messiah rather than isa

47
Q

day of judgement for both

A

allah is the bringer of judgement
those who die believing in tawhid will be rewarded and admitted into paradise forever - al jannah
those who are not muslim will lose paradise and be sent to hell- al jahannam

as allah is merciful, everyone will eventually be able to go to al jannah- however sin of shirk is unforgivable - stay in al jahannam

48
Q

what is the day of judgement described as

A

passing over hell- jahannam on a narrow bridge ( the Siraat) to rech paradise -al jannah
weight of bad sin makes people fall down into hell
matyrs- immediately sent to heaven
enemies of islam- immediately sent to hell

49
Q

sufi muslims beliefs about hell

A

hell is more a psychological state of mind- further from allah

50
Q

matyrdom

A

matyrdom causes a person to go to al jannah immediately

51
Q

ways of becoming a matyr

A

main way- standing and defending your faith

dying in child birth
drowining
defending property
dying during hajj
- cant do it intentionally

52
Q

5 pillars of sunni islam

A

salat
zakat
hajj
sawm
shahadah

53
Q

salat

A

prayer

54
Q

zakat

A

giving money- alms

55
Q

hajj

A

pilgrimage

56
Q

sawm

A

fasting

57
Q

shahadah

A

decleration of faith

58
Q

10 obligatory acts

A

salah
zakat
hajj
sawm
shahadah
khums
amr- bil-maroof
nahi-anil-munkar
tawalla
tabara

59
Q

khums

A

20percent annual tax

60
Q

amr bil maroof

A

enjoying good/ promoting good actions

61
Q

nahil anil munkar

A

forbidding wrong

62
Q

tawalla

A

loving the prophets family

63
Q

tabara

A

disassosciating from enemies of the prophets family

64
Q

shadahah - importance

A

expresses tawhid
‘There is no god but allah and muhammad pbuh is the messenger of allah’
has to be proffesed until death

65
Q

salah in detail

A

ritual prayer
carried out 5 times a day ( by sunni- 3 by shi’a)
muslims believe that when they pray, they have direct communication with allah

5 daily prayers
prayer is preferably done in the mosque- if not , then a suitably clean place

66
Q

5 daily prayers

A

fajr- morning prayer
zuhr- midday
asr- late afternoon
maghrib-just after sunset
isha-night time

67
Q

call to prayer ( adhan)

A

said from minarets
before salah

muezzin- person who performs the call to prayer

68
Q

wudu

A

ritual washinig
part of preparing for prayer
must be done before salah- reinforce the intention to worship with a pure heart
follows a set pattern

69
Q

niyyah decleration

A

intention to worship with a pure heart

70
Q

set pattern for wudu

A

hands washed
mouth rinsed x 3
nose washed
both hands- whole face washed
both arms ( starting with right|) are washed
wet fingers moved backwards over head
both feet starting with right are washed

71
Q

complete sequence of prayer

A

rak’ahs

eight movements in each prayer- no. of rak’ahs differs depending on prayer

72
Q

different rak’ahs

A

hands raised to ears- ‘allahu akbar’- allah is the greatest
bowing to demonstrate respect

sitting on knees- other prayers recited

once finished, head to right , then left , bless fellow muslims ‘salam’- peace

73
Q

iqamah

A

second call to prayer

74
Q

what does the dome of a mosque do / symbolise

A

universe which allah created, amplifies human voice, helps with circulation of air

75
Q

quiblah

A

faces makkah
mihrab shows that it is the quiblah wall

76
Q

minbar

A

where imams stand- only stand halfway- not higher than allah

77
Q

jumu’ah prayer

A

friday prayer
required by every muslim except slaves, women, children or sick people
instead of noon zuhr
joining of the ummah
demonstrates devotion

78
Q

sunnah vs hadith

A

hadith are muhammads teachings
sunnah are muhammads practices and actions

79
Q

du’a

A

private worship

can be done at any time but not instead of the 5 set prayers

perform wudu
face the direction of mecca
raised your hands- encouraged by muhammad
call upon allah

praise allah before you ask him of something

can be in native language

80
Q

rabbana

A

the one who takes care of me- ofte n used in du’a

81
Q

prayer beads

A

either 33 beads or 99 beads- allah has 99 names

divergent view- some do not use as muhammad did not use them

82
Q

zakah

A

purification- from greed

zakah for sunni is 2.5 percent of wealth
shi’a - 20 percent of wealth

zakah is obligatory alms giving

donations used to give poor people support
to free people from debt
benefit community
investing in education

83
Q

sawm

A

fasting during ramadan
ramadan- 9th month of islamic calendar

84
Q

reasons for fasting

A

obeying God and exercising self-discipline
becoming spiritually stronger
appreciating God’s gifts, which may otherwise be taken for granted
developing empathy for the poor
giving thanks for the Qur’an, which is believed to have been revealed in the month of Ramadan
sharing fellowship with other Muslims

85
Q

night of power

A

It is believed that, on the Night of Power, angels come down to Earth. The Qur’an says that this night is better than a thousand months (Surah 97:3). Laylat Al-Qadr is the holiest night of the year. Muslims try to stay awake for the whole night to pray and study the Qur’an.

The Night of Power is celebrated during Ramadan. It is seen as a time of thanksgiving for the Qur’an.

86
Q

hajj

A

pilgrimage in mekkah
3 days

87
Q

day 1 of hajj

A

day of quenching thirst
walk round the kaaba 7 times- what muhammad did upon reentering mekkah
running between two hills near the spring of zam zam- reenacts hagars search for water

88
Q

day 2 of hajj

A

day of arafat

go to arafat - where muhammad gave the last sermon

collect 21 stones for the next day - think about akirah

89
Q

day 3 of hajj

A

day of sacrifice
throw the rocks at mina- 7 for each of the pillars (3)- jamrah
sacrifice goats and sheep
shave hair off
women shave a lock of hair off
circle kaaba 7 times again

shows rejection of sin
visual badge of completing hadge- bald
not materialistic

90
Q

ihram

A

state of holiness required before beginning on hajj

91
Q

ihram further

A

muslims must perform wudu before arriving at mekkah

special clothing - ihram

men- 2 pieces of unsewn white cloth

women- no set dresscode- white headscarf and dress- only show hands and face

colour white reminds not to sin

92
Q

what must muslims not do on hajj

A

not showing violence, havin sex, cutting nails, shaving, wearing perfume

93
Q

id ul adha

A

festival of sacrifice
last day of hajj
pilgrims of hajj sacrifice animals
in islamic countries, animal is sacrificed in backyards

festival remembers when allah provided a lamb for ibrahim to sacrifice instead of his son
men shave their heads
women cut off some hair

94
Q

id ul ghadeer

A

festival of the pond
originated 10 years after it is believed muhammads appointment of ali as succesor
major shi’a festival
give presents, wear nice clothes
complete specific prayers in mosque

95
Q

id ul fitr

A

day of breaking fast
signifies end of ramadan
donations given- atone for any sins

celebration will happen after citing of new moon
families feast, exchange gifts and buy new clothes
1-3 day holiday in islamic countries
not allowed to fast
same for sunni and shi’a

96
Q

ashura

A

shi’a festival

10th day of muharram- first islamic month
shi’a mourn
remember matyrdom of hussayin- grandson of muhammad
some whip themselves- think it helps with day of judgement
taking part washes away sin
public mourning processions
‘ 1 tear for hussayin washes away 100 sins’

97
Q

jihad

A

means striving or struggling

98
Q

lesser jihad

A

outer struggle, e.g war

99
Q

greater jihad

A

inner struggle, morals, struggle against evil

control personal desire- shows complete obedience to allah

100
Q

maroof

A

striving to do good

101
Q

munkar

A

striving against wrong

102
Q

lesser jihad further

A

creating an equal and faor muslim society- doesnt mean that the world should be a muslim society

if lesser jihad is fought it must only be defensive
innocent people must not be killed
the war must stop as soon as enemies ask for peace

103
Q

jihadist groups

A

say that everyone should be muslim- goes against qur’an ‘ let there be no compulsion’
jihad shouldn’t refer to war

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