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christian perspectives Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a family according to the CCC

A

family is the original cell of social life

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2
Q

what do family relationships reflect

A

Christian teachings refer to God as the Father, creator, and sustainer of all living things. Many Christians see this as evidence that family relationships reflect God’s parental care for all humanity and the family unit is important for society, as well as the Christian faith.

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3
Q

model , ideal christian family

A

married mother and father, children – nuclear family

bring children up with christianity- infant baptism, confirmation

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4
Q

fidelity and its importance

A

fidelity is staying faithful to your partner

protect stable family
adultment breaks the 7th commandment

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5
Q

how do churches teach about marriage about marriage

A

they support couples and have preparation for marriage classes

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6
Q

what quote shows that our role is to have children

A

be fruitful and muliply - gen 1;26

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7
Q

how should fathers bring their children up - quote from bible

A

‘fathers…bring them up in the discipline and instruction of the lord’- bring up with christian faith and teachings
father= head of house
ephesians 6;4

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8
Q

quote for how children should view their parents

A

listen to your father, who gave you life’- proverb 23;22

‘honour your father and mother’ exodus 20;12

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9
Q

men and women quote for helper

A

genesis 2;28 ‘i will make a helper suitable for him’ - women made for men, meant to be together

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10
Q

quote against divorce

A

two will become one flesh… therefore what god joined together , let man not seperate

one flesh- one family-spiritually and physically- sex- have child

no divorce allowed

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11
Q

mother’s union case study

A

world wide mission to help families
campaigns- debt relief, target illiteracy, gender based violence
work with communities
regular meetings to socialise
‘ putting christian faith into action

Mothers’ Union is a global Christian movement working with people of all faiths and none to develop communities, strengthen families and advocate for change.

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12
Q

marrisge

A

formal and legal union of a man and woman in which they become husband and wife

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13
Q

what does PURPOSE stand for

A

Procreation
Union
rearing children
Pattern( for society)
One flesh
Sacred
Eternal

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14
Q

coe purpose of marriage and blessings made

A

couple learns to love one another throughout their lives
marriage should reflect christs love for the church
offers 3 blessings- creation of children,place for sexual relations,help and comfort
marriage binds the couple and god

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15
Q

Catholic purpose of marriage

A

permanent commitments-no divorce
creates a unique and ubreakable bond
marriage is a sacrament- brings god grace to the couple
constant presence of god strengthens marriage

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16
Q

differences between russian orthodox and quaker weddings

A

russian orthodox

highly structured- formal liturgy by priest
focus on sacrament of marriage- rich religious symbols, rituals and prayer
officiated by orthodox priest-central role
vows focus on religious sacrament

Quaker

simple structure- silent meditation and reflection
‘friends weddings’- lack elaborate religious ceremonies
don’t require specific clergy member- members of community present are considered officiants
vows are spontaneous- inner spirits promptings
emphasise simplicity- dress modestly- focus on internal aspects

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17
Q

anti gay agenda

A

minority extremist view introduced by conservative christian groups in america

drive to reverse the acceptance of homosexuality

‘homosexuality isnt something you’re born with but a sinful lifestyle choice that can be cured

conervsion therapy- hypnosis, electric shock therapy, praying , exorcism

e.g westboro baptist church-point out evil and sin
only ones that will be saved on judgement day

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18
Q

catholic beliefs about homosexuality

A

apply the concept of natural law- st thomas aquinas
purpose of sex is procreation therefore any sexual act which doesn’t have the possibility of this end result is sinful- therefore homosexual relations are immoral- no contraception, no masturbation, no homo-sex

however only the act is sinful so you can have homosexual thoughts but not act on it

apply concept of the bible ‘ man shall not lie with man’ 10 commandments

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19
Q

Anglican ( CoE) thoughts ab homosexuality

A

do not accept same sex marriage and homosexuality

however call for acceptance of gay believers who sincerely believe it is right for them

vicars who are in married gay relationships are expected to be celibate.

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20
Q

methodists, Quakers homosexuality thoughts

A

has become largest religious denomination that accepts same sex marriage- freedom of conscience clause for ministers- do not have to conduct weddings they do not want to

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21
Q

liberal views about homosexuality

A

jesus said ‘love thy neighbout’-agape
man christians open ab faith and sexuality- may uphold values of monogamy and abstinence but with partners of same sex

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22
Q

pre marital sex

A

sex before marriage

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23
Q

fornication

A

seeing a person who you do not know- no intention of forming relationship

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24
Q

contraception

A

artificial methods to prevent pregnancy

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25
Q

celibacy

A

commitment to not have sex at all

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26
Q

abstinence

A

commitment to not have sex until marriage

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27
Q

adultery

A

sex with someone who isn’t your married partner

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28
Q

what can a liberal view of sex lead to

A

lot more cheating- guilt free sex
possibly kids having sex at younger ages
more stis or stds

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29
Q

vague christian thoughts on sex

A

beautiful- natural god given thing
for marriage, one flesh
fro creating children ‘ be fruitful and multiply’

10 commandments- you shall not commit adultery

ALL CHRISTIANS are against casual sex and promiscuity (sleeping around)

st paul- ‘flee from sexual immorality

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30
Q

liberal christian view on sex

A

sex in a stable, commited relationship is accepted

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31
Q

true love waits case study

A

abstinence group
believe they should be ‘sexually pure’ before marriage
make a pledge and wear a ring to show an outward sign of this commitment

believe that sexual immorality leads to emotional hurt, a worse off society and disease

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32
Q

catholic beliefs on sex

A

sex helps enrich their lives
requires marriage
natural law- sex for procreation - all marital acts must have the ability to create children

vow of celibacy

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33
Q

church of england divergent views on sex

A

share view of catholics- marriage required for sex

more modern view:
understand that some couples will cohabit and have sexual relationship

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34
Q

catholic church view on contraception

A
  • reafirmed in humanae vitae- rejection of artificial contraception
    morning after pill seen as murder
    1968- all artificial forms of contraception banned- during this time, there was development of birth control and legal abortions available
    church concerned with resulting immorality
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35
Q

how do catholics control of size of family

A

rythm method- avoiding sex when woman is most fertile

, NFP natural family planning- period tracking- basically more accurate

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36
Q

potential issues - not allowing contraception

A

having really big families- not able to support the children, bad quality of life

overpopulation

women are exhausted- if they say no , risk of rape

poverty

spread of disease

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37
Q

protestant and baptist churches view on contraception

A

teach to use contraception-couples decision whether to have children
children more likely to be cared for

morning after pill not acceptable- life starts at conception

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38
Q

catholic views on divorce and remarriage

A

NO DIVORCE - gets rid of legal agreement but not holy agreement- your marriage and still binded by god

do annul marriage in cases where- forced, didnt understand vows, couple didnt have sex- never become 1 flesh

remarriage- not allowed, only after first marriage as it doesnt count- technically not a remarriage

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39
Q

CoE views on divorce and remarriage

A

divorce is inevitable in some cases- abusive relationship, adultery

remarriage is up to parish priest- takes into consideration what efforts you made to keep last marriage

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40
Q

matthew 5;32

A

‘anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, vcauses her to become an adultress

remarrying= adultery– unless 1st patner was unfaithful

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41
Q

malachi 2:16

A

’ for i hate divorce says the lord’

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42
Q

mark 10:6-11

A

‘anyone who divorces his wife and marries another woman commits adultery against her

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43
Q

how catholic families and CoE bring up children

A

child is baptised- usually within a year of birth
family commits to praying for the child
incorporate into daily routine
saying grace before a meal

child is likely to attend sunday school
-taught stories from bible
child chooses to get confirmed- commit to christian faith-allowed to take part in eucharist

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44
Q

how amish community brings up children

A

far more structured
use ORDNUNG- list of rules that outline how they should live
only marry other amish
schooling ends at 14- learn more practical things
women under authority of men-take on domestic role
at age 16- RUMSPRINGA- allowed to live outside the community for a few years and disobey the ordnung
decide whether they want to be fully baptised
most children return and become baptised

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45
Q

role of women in christian family

A

submit to husband (genesis)
obey husband(marriage vows)’ adam’s helper’
give birth to children and nourish them

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46
Q

role of husband in christina family

A

head of family and in charge of wife
love wife
support, protect family

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47
Q

role of children

A

obey parents, honour father and mother

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48
Q

historical context for the roles of husband and wife- liberal view and traditionalist

A

societies in both old and new testament- very patriarchal

liberal-recognise historical context and instead emphasise agape

traditionalist view- teachings ab men and women are univeral ( all time and all place) and unchanging therefore men and women have diff roles

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49
Q

reasons for equality of men and women

A

gen 1 men and women created equally

jesus gave women respect-healed a woman

god has time alike for men and women

st ambromse ‘ you are not her master, but her husband’

galations 3;28- neither jew nor greek… male nor female, you are all one in christ

lots of positive , strong characters in the bible

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50
Q

unequal quotes for men and women

A

women weaker than adam- gave into temptation befoe adam
made as adam’s helper

‘obey your husband’ wedding vows

christ is head of church- a man

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51
Q

christian egalitarianism

A

men and women created by god as equals

may have different psychological characteristics but should have equal opportunities and no set roles

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52
Q

christian complementarianism

A

men and women created by god for different purposes
different roles in fsmily and in the church

usually this view held by conservative, evangelical christians, roman catholic, orthodox

men- nurture wife’s abilities, lead the relationship, create space for wife to fulfill her potential

woman- the ‘helpmate’, love, respect and encourage the husband, submit, helper, hold her husband accoountable

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53
Q

roman catholic/ orthodox views on roles of men and women

A

teach complementarianism
do not permit women to become priests- jesus chose only men to be his disciples,priests represent jesus- a man
menstruation and child birth makes them unclean

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54
Q

Church of England views on role of men and women

A

allow christian egalitarianism
approve of appointment of women as priests
jesus came down to break barriers
god created both women and men imago dei

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55
Q

free churches view on men and women

A

allow christian egalitarianism
women ministers for many years

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56
Q

equality

A

‘god shows no partiality’

noone should be advantaged or disadvantaged because of their differences

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57
Q

embedded/ institutional inequality

A

where the processes, structures and set up of organisations, provide advantages for some and disadvantaged for others

e.g education

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58
Q

prejudice

A

judgements that are made about a person- before any reason or any actual interaction

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59
Q

discrimination

A

prejudice in the act- prejudicial treatment

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60
Q

stereotyping

A

inaccurate representations of a whole group of people based on a common characteristic

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61
Q

christian beliefs ab equality

A

genesis 1:27 ‘ god created mankind in his own image’ - imago dei
sanctity of life- all life is made holy by god - all lives are of equal value

galations 3;28

story of good samaritan- agape for everyone

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62
Q

curse of ham

A

curse of ham was black skin- whole race of people cursed by noah and now only fit for slavery

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63
Q

matthew 19:24

A

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of god

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64
Q

unitarian belief about the trinity

A

jesus is in some way son of god but isnt god himself
still believe that jesus was sent to earth as saviour and as a human INSPIERED by god
reject the trinity- wrong to worship 3 things

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65
Q

jehovas witnesses beliefs about the trinity

A

reject teaching the trinity
god is a single being-name is jehovah
noone is equal to god - jesus is the son of God- had a beginning therefore not eternal

do not believe that holy spirit is a seperate persona

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66
Q

eastern church belief vs western church about trinity with quote

A

eastern church -holy spirit proceeds from god only john 15:26- the Spirit of truth, which proceedeth from the Father,

western church- holy spirit proceeds from father and sun
john 1:3- in the beginning was the word

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67
Q

god is the creator and master craftsman

A

world is dependant on god for its existence
continues to sustain the world and creation was a deliberate act

the natural world itself is a witness to god’s existence

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68
Q

quote for god being atemporal

A

jeremiah 29:11 ‘ for i know the plans i have for you’

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69
Q

views on god being temporal

A

if god is outside time ( atemporal)
he would not be able to relate to his creation
god is active in time and everlasting(within time)
god is more personal and engaged

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70
Q

can humans communicate with god directly

A

catholic church-priests believe that they have been called into their ministry
when priest is ordained he is acting in the power of christ

priest acts as a link for human and god

in protestant church, do not believe that they needa mediator between themselves and God- jesus enabled all people who believe in God can pray to him directly

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71
Q

provision of the law

A

Christians believe that God has revealed his law to people through the Bible, which they see as a guidebook to salvation.

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72
Q

cosmological argument

A

st thomas aquinas
based on the concept of causation
1- everything that exists in the physical universe has to have a cause
2- universe exists and so must have a cause
3- that cause cannot have a cause itself
4- that uncaused cause is god—— cause cannot be a part of this universe- has to be eternal , necessary ( doesnt rely on other things) , spirit

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73
Q

pros and cons of cosmological argument

A

cons- no actual proof, just reasoning, no reason to worship this god, unsatisfactory

pros-logical, not disproved by any science

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74
Q

teleological argument

A

telos means end/purpose

william paley

watch analogy- finding watch on a heath, complex object must have an intelligent explanation- a watchmaker

eye is much more complex than a watch- must also need a maker who is GOD

complexity and purpose of the universe requires a designer which must be God

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75
Q

pros and cons of the teleogical argument

A

pro- strong analogy, universe IS very complicated, doesn’t contradict itself

cons- challenged by evolution theory, challenged by J.S mill
comparing something not natural to something natural
doesn’t describe the designer

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76
Q

what is J.s mill’s challenge to the teleological argument

A
  • universe has faults, e.g earthquakes
    who would want to worship such a cruel god
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77
Q

anthropic principle- addition to teleological argument

A

F.R Tennant
universe is so perfectly structured to sustain life and ensure life would develop
evolution is further evidence for existence of a designer god

suggests how god guides evolution

john polkinghorne- anglican minister and theoretical physicsist
in order for life to exist, there must’ve been very precise development- rejects the view that it is simply luck- gen 1 and gen 2 - god creates environment suitable for humans

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78
Q

pros and cons of anthropic principle

A

pro- doesnt go against science, agree with evolution, uses maths

cons-uses some biblical evidence

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79
Q

moral argument

A

john newman
sense of guilt linked with god’s voice speaking through our conscience
people can ignore their conscience- freewill
god’s voice within us - reminder that we are responsible to him
if there was no god, there would be no inner morals

80
Q

pros and cons of moral argument

A

god is a judge- has morals

everyone has different morals- murders, psychopaths, interferes with free will
morals could be made due to societies expectations

81
Q

soul making argument - john hick

A

suffering and evil are opportunities for humans to learn and act in a way that would please god

through this process, people can become more like god

process will continue after death- every person continues on their journey to goodness after death

some christians reject this argument - does not fit the belief taht god judges people afteerr death

christians do believe that morals will have an impact on their place in the afterlife- parable of sheep and goats

82
Q

rich man and lazarus

A

rich man died- went to hell
lazarus-beggar- went to abraham’s side

rich man asks abraham to get lazarus to give him a droplet of water
abraham says no as during the irch man’s life he got to live comfortably whereas lazarus was in agony- roles swapped

rich man asks lazarus to go to his family- abraham says no as there is moses and the prophets
lazarus says that they will only repent if someone rises from the dead
abraham says- if they do not listen to moses, they will not be convinced even if someone dies

no second chances, for eternity

luke 16:19-31

83
Q

the sheep and the goats

A

matthew 25:31-46

analogy for judgement day
god is like a shepherd, seperates sheep and goats- goats on left, sheep on right
sheep - helped people ‘ came to visit me’,’ for i was hungry and you gave me something to eat’ – ‘the righteous to eternal life’

goats- bad people ‘ gave me nothing to eat’, ‘you did not look after me ‘- acts of omission
‘eternal punishment’

84
Q

souces of morality

A

10 commandments

teachings of local church
voices of conscience- conscience is the voice of god
pray to god- for answers
what jesus would do - use as an example
go to church-consider christian opinions
consider actions of famous christians

85
Q

ways of experiencing god

A

conscience, through scriptue/ word of god, through jesus christ, miracles, meeting inspirational people,figures from history, god acting in the world

86
Q

experiencing god through conscience

A

god speaking through our conscience
no god= no morals
people can ignore conscience as they have free will

87
Q

through scripture/ word of god- experiencing god

A

hebrews 4:12 ‘ for the word of God is alive and active… it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart’

god reveals himself through the bible-

liberal view -bible might have errors as written by humans
stories in bible are symbolic- find meaning in the bible, apply it to their own lives
bible is the word of God

fundamentalist / literalist- no errors in the bible
bible>science
god is infallible
people live in accordance to bible- e.g the amish

88
Q

through jesus christ - experiencing god

A

jesus is god incarnate
in becoming human, god demonstrated his love for humanity- through miracles and atonement of sins
romans 5:8

89
Q

Through miracles

A

christians largely agreed that god is able to perform miracles, just as he did in the bible

many christians pray for miracles- miracles help reinforce belief in faith and personal relationship with god- belief in a kind and caring god

lourdes- south of france, 67 officially recognised miracles out of 6,500 claims

90
Q

experiencing god through meeting inspirational people

A

significant effect on a person’s life
hear the way god has worked through the life of that inspirational person

mother teresa- said to radiate pure self goodness- agape

91
Q

revelation

A

unveiling
something that is previously hidden becomes known

92
Q

direct religious experience

A

conversion, mystical, visions, charismatic/ecstatic, through sacraments

93
Q

conversions

A

cause person to change belief
st paul - bright light from heaven, heard voice of Jesus- blind for 3 days
change from persecuting christians to preaching christianity

Nicky cruz- violent gang member–> christian preacher
visible change in lifestyle
question of whether it is psychological- longing for acceptance- guilt

94
Q

Mystical

A

overwhelming awareness of God, leading to feelings of awe and wonder

very hard to verify - might be crazy and have visions, lack of food, illness, extreme lifestyle
but clear effect on life

st teresa ( teresa of avila)
devoted herself to the virgin mary- as spiritual mother
study in monastery- seclusion and inner reflection
‘religious ecstasy’- pure joy
visions of jesus
understanding of sin

95
Q

visions

A

person having the experience - see something supernatural- real to them, other people can’t verify it

st bernadette- total of 18 visions of virgin Mary at lourdes
didn’t benefit from it
- told her to return to the grotto everyday for a fortnight

cons- for some christians, visions are likely adding something new ro what is revealed in the bible- adding to the word of God- not god himself

96
Q

charismatic/ ecstatic

A

experiences of the holy spirit
slain in spirit- falling in the spirit
glossolalia-speaking in tongues
shaking, crying, laughing
healings- religious ecstasy- people become less aware of world around them

97
Q

example of ecstatic experiences

A

toronto blessing
could be placebo,could be lying/ exaggeration
for christians- nothing of it in the bible- not biblical, may even be of the devil

98
Q

through sacraments

A

outward sign of inward grace of god

eucharist - catholic and orthodox- transubstantiation
protestant - bread and wine is a remembrance of jesus’ death and resurrection

99
Q

old testament teachings about peace and conflict

A

first murderer cain- punished by god- murder forbidden in bible
genesis 9:6 ‘ whoever sheds human blood, by man his blood shall be shed
sixth commandment ‘you shall not murder’
exodus 21:15 “Anyone who attacks[ a] their father or mother is to be put to death.

but violence allowed duringg war- ‘prepare the war, rouse the mighty men’

100
Q

new testament teachings about peace and conflict

A

jesus speaks of the peacemakers as being blessed.- same passage he teaches to love their enemies, to pray for those who persecute them and to turn the other cheek in response to violence - implies pacifism

100
Q

righteous anger

A

justifiably angry about something wrong- e.g Jesus reacting violently towards traders in the temple in Jerusalem

101
Q

christian response to violence case study

A

Mark duggan - Tottenham riots 2011

the violence was condemned - church doors were open all night to provide refuge to those who lost their home, ongoing social work with youth groups- improve community cohesions

102
Q

reasons for there to be a relationship between religion and politics

A

some christians argue that it is a moral responsibility-speak out against any injustice

duty if they want to see change
examples of christians being involved in politics in order to protest against injustice
desmond tutu- peacfully protested against apartheid in south africa
martin luther king

103
Q

reasons against there to be a relationship between religion and politics

A
104
Q

terrorism

A

illegal use of violence to cause fear and intimidation for political aims

105
Q

causes of terrorism

A

force a change in society, gain independance
religious extremism, historical reasons

106
Q

type of terrorisms

A

islamic terrorism, christian terrorism,political terrorism, state terrorism

107
Q

islamic terrorism

A

lesser jihad- beliefs about matyrdom
establish an islamic state with shari’ah law
distorted interpretation of the qur’an

108
Q

christian terrorism and case study

A

dominion theology- gen 1:28- god grants humanity dominion over the earth
attempt to create nation governed by christians- based by their understanding of the bible

e.g KKK-US believe in a very specific reading of the bible and use terror to reinforce it
causes- right wing nationalism- combined with religious conservatism- aim to purify the nation( morally e.g abortions and racially- white supremacy)

109
Q

state terrorism

A

the use of violence by a state/ government
for many , iran, Israel , Th us have all engaged in the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence to create terror

110
Q

christian responses to terrorism + quotes

A

CCC 2297 ‘ it is gravely against justice and charity’

Blessed are the peacemakers

turn to them the other cheek also

111
Q

just war theory - vague

A

christian attitudes to convential warfare

reconciles 3 things- taking human life is seriously wrong
states have a duty to defend their citizens
protecting human life and defending moral values

112
Q

just ad bellum

A

just ‘before war’

have a just cause
process the right intention
declared by proper authority
be a last resort
has a reasonable chance of success
be a proportionate war- the ends justify the means

113
Q

just in bello

A

just ‘in war’

obey internation laws on weapons
only target people engaged in harm
use of force is proportional to the end
fair treatment of prisoners of war
no evil methods usede.g mass rape, genocide
no revenge attacks

114
Q

just post bellum

A

just ‘after war’

just cause to end the war
no revenge taken
peace terms must be made
only those directly responsible are punished

115
Q

conventional warfare

A

open war fought between opposing armies using proportional / conventional weaponry such as guns or airstrikes / bombs

116
Q

church views on 2003 Iraq war

A

CoE- archbishop of cantebbury ‘ it does not look as though we have exhausted all the possibilities yet’- just war theory- last resort

WCC- accept -reluctantly-that there can be circumstances where violence is legitimate
‘lesser of two evils’- not ideal, acceptable

117
Q

apocalyptic warfare

A

war/ weapons that lead to mass devastation
indiscriminate- doesnt obey international laws- evil method, not proportionate

118
Q

christian thoughts on apoccalyptic warfare

A

1963 pope ‘ it is impossible to conceive of a just war in a nuclear age’
methodist church- condemn use of all weapons of mass destruction but does not condemn possession as a detterent

119
Q

technological warfare

A

use of developments in technology to advance weapons and means of engaging in war - e.g drones, attacks carried out remotely

120
Q

christian views on technological warfare

A

reduce awareness of the human cost of war
dehumanize enemy- like a video game
disproportionate - but discriminate
civilian deaths still at risk - go against just war theory
use of drones without regulation poses a threat to peace and human life

121
Q

quotes for pacifism

A

matthew 5 ;38-42
matthew 5;43-44

sermon on the mount- turn your other cheek, love your enemies

122
Q

absolute pacifism

A

minority view- violence is absolutely wrong- never justifiable

123
Q

conditional pacifism

A

in principle war is not good but sometimes it is necessary, lesser of two evils
link to just war theory
catholic and anglican churches

124
Q

selective pacifism

A

only oppose to war of mass destruction-apocalyptic warfare

125
Q

active pacifism

A

promote peace- speaking out against war

126
Q

quakers as pacifists

A

absolute pacifist- divergent view

origins of their church- ‘ we utterly deny all outward wars’
‘ will never move us to fight’- decleration of friends to Charles 2nd

want to see heaven on earh- improve this world

conscientious objectord

127
Q

example of active pacifists

A

Christian campaigning for nuclear disarment CCND

128
Q

strengths and weaknesses of pacifism

A

strengths-no war would be caused if everyone is pacifism
no death- ideal world
follow jesus’teachings

ideal in principle
less money on war- can be used on social justice

weaknesses- not realistic in a violent world
absolutists ( absolute pacifists) don’t protect people getting hurt or hurting them - immoral- in that case you are choosing the more evil of two evils
jesus’ teachings are for personal beliefs- not for the government

129
Q

forgiveness

A

letting go of past wrongs

130
Q

reconciliation

A

restoring broken relationship

131
Q

justice

A

fairness in society

132
Q

teaching of jesus and the adulterous woman

A

John 7;53- 8;11 let you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her

everyone but jesus left

jesus is talking ab interpersonal relationships, not rejecting entire systems of justice

133
Q

quote against hypocrisy Matthew 7;3

A

you look at the bit of sawdust in my eye… no attention to the piece of wood in your eye’

134
Q

luke 23;24

A

jesus forgave those who crucified him

135
Q

case study for forgiveness

A

anthony walker (18) murdered with an axe in 2006
his mother forgave the murderes
‘ i cannot hate, i have to forgive them. Hate is what killed anthony’

mum feels genuine sorry for the killers

136
Q

case study reconciliation

A

south africa
truth and reconciliation commision- attempt to heal south africa

ssecurity forces brought face to face with victimd

archbishop desmond tutu very involved
letting go off past wrongs, moving on

137
Q

social justice

A

belief that people should be treated fairly with respect and have equal rights in society

138
Q

social injustice

A

where people are denied rights as a consequence of poverty or discrimination
e.g gender discrimination
islamophobia
racism
homophobia

139
Q

christian views ab social injustice/ justice

A

genesis 1:27 god made man in his own image

galations 3:28 - neither jew no greek, for we are all one in christ almighty
therefore christians should not discriminate- all created imago dei

blessed are the peacemakers

sheep and goats

140
Q

golden rule

A

do unto others as you would to youself

141
Q

oscar romero -case study for christian facing social injustice

A

oscar romero - catholic archbishop of el salvador

el slavador- ruled by military dictatorship- deathsquad killed protestoe
rs- supported by upper class bishops until 1977

oscar romero appointed archbishop- used sermons to attack the government- urged people to protest
called for soldiers to put down their weapons
romero killed for his actions

inspired the liberation theology- shifting catholic ethos towards support for the poor

142
Q

secular

A

non religious

143
Q

britain as a religious society

A

national anthem
funeral and weddings
nativities
christmas and easter
omg jesus christ etc

144
Q

disestablishmentarianism

A

the campaign to sever the links between the church and the state

145
Q

role of monarch today

A

‘defender of faith’
head of state-uk
maintain the church

queens reasons for defending faith-create environment for other faith communities to live freely
‘duty to protect the free practise of all faiths ‘
‘ the church has helped build a better society

146
Q

house of lords

A

lordsspiritual- 26 anglican bishops appointed- automatic place

bishops of CoE can play significant role in governance of the country

147
Q

humanists

A

people who shape their lives in the here and now- believe it is the only life they have - use reason, logic and evidence to navigate the world

148
Q

rationalism

A

the practise of basing opinions and actiond on reason and knowledge rather than religious beliefs or emotional response

149
Q

collective worship

A

all maintained schools must provide religious education and daily collective acts of worship for all registered worship
promote spiritual, moral and cultural development

150
Q

british humanist association

A

humanism
focus on science and facts
rational approach,death is the end- give life greater meaning

campaigns 4 areas- school and education–

end to religious discrimination in school admissions
progressive reform of school curriculum

human rights and equality
secularism
public ethical issues- assisted dying

teach evolution not creationism campaign

151
Q

secularisation and its reasons

A

society modernising, science advancing, less need to rely on faith

religion is private instead of public

rationalism-science and reasoning
differentiation- large parts of people’s lives still run by various institues
decline of community- people no longer live in small communities- we are global

152
Q

effects of secularisation

A

fewer people attend churhc
fewer people getting baptised and confirmed
christian festivals have lost their significance- more materialistic and commercial

153
Q

religion is still imprtant

A

still maintain traditions of the church
large rise in british converts to islam
new churches forming

154
Q

clashes between religion , secular law and tradition for marriage

A

fornication(no sex before marriage)- not illegal ,culturally accepted, not accepted by some churches

cohabitation- before marriage
not illegal, culturally accepted, frowned upon some problems
same sex marriage- not illegal, some churches allow this
civil marriage-not recognised as marriage by the church

definition of marriage by law is different to what the church believes marriage is- for catholic church it is between a baptised man and woman who can procreate

divorce not accepted by roman catholic church but legal

155
Q

forced marriage

A

marriage where one or more of the parties is married without consent or against their will

156
Q

arranged marriage

A

a type of marriage where the bride and groom are selected by their families .Both parties consent.This is legal in the Uk

157
Q

child marriage

A

marriage before the age of 18

158
Q

christian views on different types of marriages - arranged, forced, child

A

christians used to practise arranged marriages to establish peace until 12th century where a book ‘decretum gratiani’ was introduced, introducing the idea of consent in marriage
forced marriages are legally and morally wrong- issue of fundamnetal human rights

159
Q

legal ages of marriage

A

uk 18
scotland 16 ( without parents permission)
roman catholic church- men- 16, women 14— bishops can set ages in accordance to the country

160
Q

clashes with equality laws for christians

A

roman catholic beliefs clash with equality act of 2010 as women are not meant to be leaders and have a role at home

161
Q

full term pregnancy

A

40 weeks

162
Q

abortion

A

foetus removed and pregnancy deliberately ended

illegal if the foetus has been developing for more than 23 weeks- unless mother is too young or foetus has serious health problems

163
Q

what must people do before aborting

A

see 2 doctors - see if mental of physical health is at risk

164
Q

methodist conference statement 1976

A

abortion should never be seen as an akternative for contraception
foetus has an inviolable right to life
butt foetus dependant on mother for at least 20 weeks - mother has total right to decide whether to continue the pregnancy

165
Q

sanctity of life

A

‘knit me together in my mother’s womb- life starts in the womb, has a soul, god makes us precious

thou shalt not kill

man made imago dei

166
Q

church of england beliefs about abortion

A

’ all human life , including life developing in the womb, is created by god in his imagw and is therefore nurtured, supported and protected’

church is strongly opposed to abortion - but accepts some situations where the abortion is morally righte.g mother has been raped,threatens life etc

167
Q

roman catholic beliefs ab abortion

A

natural law- god given purposes for living are - preservation of life, procreation

absolutely condemn it - only time foetus can be aborted is if mothers life is in danger and foetus must be removed in order to survive- called the double effect- intention is to save mother but other effect where foetus dies

all human life must be respected and protected absolutely from the moment of conception

168
Q

active euthanasia

A

a person directly and deliberately causes the patients death

169
Q

passive euthanasia

A

death brought by an omission- e.g withdrawal of medicine in order to let person die

170
Q

assisted suicide

A

person who dies needs help killing themselves- asks for it and receives it

171
Q

doctrine of the double effect

A

ethical theory that allows use of drugs that will shorten life , but primary aim is to reduce pain- not seen as euthanasia

172
Q

voluntary euthanasia

A

euthanasia carried out at request of person who dies

173
Q

involuntary euthanasia

A

person couldve given informed consent but did not- didnt’t want to die, or didnt express the wish

174
Q

non- voluntary euthanasia

A
  • person is unable to ask for euthanasia - so a person makes deciscion on their behalf
175
Q

palliative care

A

medical, emotional, phsycological care given to a terminally ill person- aimed at reducing suffering instead of curing- hospices and hospitals

176
Q

Uk law for euthanasia

A

both active euthanasia and assisted suicide are illegal
law allows for passive euthanasia to occur - if doctor agrees that it is in patients best interest

177
Q

christian teachings on euthanasia

A

passive euthanasia acceptable- it is natural

most believe it is wrong because - life is precious- created by god, sanctity of life
euthanasia is deliberate killing- murder, forbidden by 10 commandments
christians have a loyal duty to care for those suffering

178
Q

catholic teachins on euthanasia

A

deliberate killing of a human is always evil and unacceptable morally

CCC’ all human life must be respected and protected absolutely from the moment of conception’

life is a gift from god

against all euthanasia

179
Q

Coe on euthanasia

A

recognises personal autonomy- everyone has a right to make independent deciscions about ones own life

maintain that it is better to protect life of person than their autonomy (freedom from external control)

180
Q

why might some christians/ people argue for legislation of euthanasia

A

golden rule matthew 7:12- do onto others as you would have them do to you

love your neighbour

compassion- relieving suffering– most christians disagree

181
Q

catholic thoughts on artificial insemination vs CoE thoughts

A

catholic- conception should only happen through sexual union - AI is not acceptable

CoE- artificial insemnitation is acceptable

182
Q

catholic vs CoE thoughts on ivf

A

roman catholic church opposes ivf-doesn not take place through sexual intercousre- absolutely opposed to research being conducted on them too

CoE- accepts it but understands why some may be opposed to it

-

183
Q

current law on genetic manipulation

A

embryos created by cloning cannot be placed ina woman
any human- animal hybrids must be destroyed
all embryo experimentation can only be until 14 days from conception- embyro stops dividing, becomes one

sex selection only allowed where there is a risk of gender related conditions, e.g breast cancer

184
Q

therapeutic cloning

A

produces embryonic stem cells for experiments aimed at creating tissues to replace injured or diseased tissues

185
Q

christian resposes to genetic manipulation

A

rc- playing god, natural law, cloning is unnatural,god alone should be creator, life starts at conception

sanctity of life- good and bad- kill foetus, save person with terminal illness

CoE- formally accepts therapeutic cloning
accepts experimentation up to 14 days
only supports where aim is to heal

186
Q

interfaith exclusivism

A

view that only one religion is true- for christians , salvation on possible through jesus christ—–

187
Q

mark 16 :16- support for belief in god

A

‘whoever believes and is baptised will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned

188
Q

john 3:16 - support for just christianity

A

jesus said to them ‘ i am the way, the truth, the life. noone comes to the father except through me’

189
Q

intrafaith exclusivism

A

the view that only one denomination in the faith is true

catholic church- pope eugen 4th ‘ those not living within the catholic church… cannot become participants in eternal life

190
Q

inclusivism

A

karl rahner- key thinker of this idea

god is present in non-christian religions
- person can be saved by jesus christ if person has never heard of jesus or the bible- anonymous christian— onlyyyy if never heard of christianity

191
Q

further ideas on exclusivism

A

if person has never heard of christianity, can still be saved
christianity is still the only true faith
parable of sheep and goats says nothing about faith or belief needed for salvation

aknowledges upbringing

192
Q

pluralism

A

very minority view

all religions are equally tru and vaild

john hick- mountain paths– each route is mapped out, through upbringinig- religious, cultural etc
everyone will eventually reach the same summit- different ways of getting to one god

john 14:2’ there are many rooms inmy fathers house’

doesnt align with the bible - \John 3:16 (jesus being the way)

193
Q

aim of interfaith dialogue

A

provides social ties- reduce prejudice
opportunities to learn about other religions
engaging in practical projects together

islamophobia and anti semitism still prevalent in british society

CoE runs a presence and engagement programme to engage with people from diferent faiths

religion and national identity still tied very close together

194
Q

christians vs non religious

A

agreement- behave compassionately
same moral values
promote peace
protection of environment
helping those in need
human rights
importance of happiness
liberal christians accept scientif explanations for universe
religion shouldnt be public

disagreement- belief in god
morality comes from god
permanence of marriage for christians
divorce
same sex marriage
parenting outside of marriage
materialism
creation story

cloning , abortions, evangelism, racism( dominion theology- hams curse) disestablishmentarianism- not keep link between church and state

rs gcse (3 decks)

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