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christianity Flashcards

christianity ocr gcse

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1
Q

what biblical teachings does the story of the lost son have.

A

god’s nature- forgiving,benevolent, presented as father figure

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2
Q

exodus 20

A

10 commandments, ‘for I , your god, am a jealous god’
god is benevolent, wants monotheistic followerss.authoratative- fatherly, judge

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3
Q

what do baptists believe about god- how do they live

A

god is directly accesible by all, priests arent necessary in any way,pray to god with phrase ‘abba’-meaning daddy, immanent god. ( existing within)

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3
Q

how do amish/brethren people live/ think

A

live in closed of communities to seperate them from sin,only talk to god if you are in these communities, god is forgiving, live in accordance with laws and commands of the bible

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4
Q

evidence for the trinity

A

matthew 28:19 - ‘go and make disciples of all nations, baptising them in the name of the father and of the son and of the holy spirit’

the creed

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5
Q

filoque controversy

A

eastern church-the holy spirit proceeds from just the father
latin church- the holy church proceeds from the father and the son

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6
Q

divergent view for trinity

A

unitarians-reject belief in trinity, emphasise the oneness of god as the bible says’one god’

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7
Q

creation days

A

1-light and dark
2-sky and earth
3- sun moon stars
4- land and plants
5- fish and birds
6-animals and humans
7- rest

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8
Q

fundamentalist/ conservative view of creation story

A

the creation story is a true, historical account and the word of god

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9
Q

liberal view of creation story

A

the story i s meant to be read as a metaphor / allegory to teach about god’s creative power and origin of evil

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10
Q

role of spirit in creation

A

life giver
‘the spirit of god hath made me, and the breath of the almighty hath given me life’

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11
Q

john 1;1-5

A

In the beginning , was the word(jesus) and the word was with god and the word was god

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12
Q

Original sin

A

everyone born with original sin, from birth, need to be baptized

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13
Q

redemption

A

when the price of sin is paid, if not, no hope of eternal life with god

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14
Q

how are humans made, for god

A

made imago die, in gods image but are sinful and lack his perfection

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15
Q

compatible view for creation theory

A

days of creation are not 24hr but ions , can fit with evolution

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16
Q

natural evil

A

Suffering created through no direct fault of humans, eg natural disasters

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17
Q

moral evil

A

suffering caused by human beings, eg war

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18
Q

mackies inconsistent triad

A

evil exists, God omnipotent, God omnibenevolent? Doesn’t make sense, cant be possible

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19
Q

Augustinian theodicy

A

God made a perfect world
Evil is not made by god but a privation of god
When we sin we create a privation of good in ourselves
Original sin destroyed perfectionand caused moral and natural evil
God is fair and just so lets us suffer to show consequences of sin
Gen 3 God gave us free will

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20
Q

Strengths and weaknesses of Augustinian theodicy

A

logical explanation, consistent with Christian beliefs and gen 1.2.3

Evil is not a privation, its a real thing. how can there be a lack of good in a perfect world
Heavily relies on genesis
Why would an omniscient god continue with creation if evil would be made

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20
Q

irenaean theodicy

A

god makes mankind imago dei but not born as it- have to grow to become it .
we need pain and suffering to have genuine moral growth.
we are made with the potential to become perfect.

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21
Q

soul making- john hick ( addition to irenaean theodicy)

A

Soul-making is the theory that evil has to exist so that humans can develop their souls by living and becoming good, moral people.

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22
Q

strength and weakness irenaean theodicy

A

doesn’t redefine evil
doesn’t really rely on bible
logical explanation for evil from experience

why are personally grown morals better than pre programmed ones?
deep suffering doesn’t always lead to moral growth- sometimes moral deprivation

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23
Q

incarnation

A

becoming flesh

shows god’s power
example of a good life
jesus takes punishment for all humans

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24
Q

crucifixion

A

jesus/ god understand human pain and suffering

atonement sacrifice

his death benefits all humans

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25
Q

resurrection

A

shows god’s/ jesus’ power over death
proved that jesus was truly god and man
god approves of sacrifice-pay debt of human sin

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25
Q

ascension

A

victory of good vs evil
final sacrifice
signifies the end of jesus’ work on earth- it continues in heaven

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26
Q

divergent views about crucifixion ( to do with worship)

A

some worship with a cross to emphasise sin that jesus went through- catholic and orthodox

others don’t because it could be seen as worshipping an object and not god itself

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27
Q

salvation

A

deliverance- act of being saved

examples- old testament– god saves israelites from egyptians
new testament- jesus saves human kind from sin and its penalty- eternal death

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28
Q

atonement

A

make amends or pays for having done something wrong
e.g animal sacrifices used to atone for sins of the israelites
nt- jesus’ death atoned for our sins - no more need for animal sacrifices BUT still need to seek forgiveness
‘ we have been made holy through the sacrifice of the body of Jesus Christ once for all’ st paul in hebrews 10;10

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29
Q

grace

A

god’s redemptive loveto save sinners.
you can only be saved through the grace of god

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30
Q

divergent views about receiving salvation

A

roman catholic- believe believers can be saved by being baptised and participating in sacraments

others believe that to be saved you must believe in jesus

liberal christians believe that good deeds allow them to be saved and enter heaven

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31
Q

repentance

A

to be sorry for things you have done- then you can seek god’s forgiveness

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32
Q

apocalyptic

A

referring to end of the world

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33
Q

parousia

A

second coming of jesus Christ

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34
Q

apocalyptic views

A

some expect parousia
others try to calculate when the world will end
most christians believe that parousia and the end of time is a different way of expressing their belief - god has a plan—- living a goood christian life is better than speculating the end of time

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35
Q

eschatological

A

referring to the end of the world - study of the last

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36
Q

materialst vs dualist

A

materialist- we are just physical matter- no life after death
dualist- body and soul

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37
Q

christians as dualists

A

we possess a soul- seperates us from animals, makes us sacred
‘Man became living soul’ gen 2 : 7
physical body- temple for god in which spirit can live
resurrection-all will be raised to be judged by god

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38
Q

everything heaven

A

liberal view- heaven is a state of mind where you are in the eternal presence of god
comservative- actual place where you have the eternal presence of god
new testament ‘ a sea of glass, as clear as crystal’
heaven is awe inspiring

literalist view- place where suffering and evil no longer exist- revelation 21;4 ‘ there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain’

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39
Q

everything hell

A

a place or state of existence ( liberal christians) in which the person suffers the consequences of immoral actions in life.
‘ place of everlasting separation from god’

rc-acknowledges literal existence of hell, fiery ‘punishment’

In the parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus, the rich man describes Hell as a place of torment.

The rich man also died and was buried. In Hades, where he was being tormented…
— Luke 16:22

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40
Q

purgatory

A

CATHOLIC ONLY

state of preparation before soul is judged to go to heaven

This is a place where some people who have sinned are purified in a ‘cleansing fire’, after which they are accepted into Heaven. The idea of a purifying fire has its biblical basis in scripture. Corinthians tells of a fire that will save.

catechism of catholic church’ All who die in God’s grace and friendship, but still imperfectly purified, are indeed assured of their eternal salvation: but after death they undergo purification, so as to achieve the holiness necessary to enter the joy of Heaven.’

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41
Q

what did jesus do on sermon on the mount

matthew 5-7

A

In this sermon, Jesus taught his followers the
Lord’s Prayer
and told them several parables. The sermon also contained the
Beatitudes
and Jesus’ teachings about God’s laws,

he statements he made are known as the Beatitudes.

According to Jesus, God gives his blessing to:

the meek – meaning humble people
those who make peace
those who show mercy to others
Jesus also mentioned that people who are
persecuted
because of their faith will be blessed and find reward in Heaven (Matthew 5:3–11).
#

also ‘ love thy neighbour’
turn the other cheek

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42
Q

what are beatitudes

A

they are qualities that god wants his followers to develop

blessed be the meek

blessed be the ones who mourn

blessed be the peacemakers

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43
Q

what does jesus think about bad thoughts ( jesus and the law)

A

thinking of doing bad things is just as bad as actually doing it

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44
Q

true discipleship

A

to be a true disciple you should be sincere.Everything should be between you and god

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45
Q

true righteousness

A

People should not judge each other. It is
hypocritical
to do so, and only God can sit in
judgement
.worldly wealth should not be as worshipped as god.

can’t think about money and god- god will provide for you

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46
Q

narrow gateway

A

jesus warning believers about the difficulty of being christian

broad gateway- easy life but not heaven - pathway leads to destruction

heaven/ being good christian- narrow gateway- being christian is challenging

47
Q

building on solid foundation

A

putting jesus’ words into practise

following jesus’ words is like a wise man building his hown on solid foundation whereas not followung them and putting them into action is like a foolish man building his house on sand- lead to destruction

48
Q

worship

A

the feeling or expression of reverence and adoration for a deity

49
Q

liturgical worship

A

pattern for worship( set structure )
most traditional- what jesus did
roman catholic, church of england,orthodox churches

usually - eucharist- communion, bread and wine
or service of the word- focuses on the sermon

50
Q

what do the different colours for the robes represent

A

purple / violet- advent , reminds of parousia
white and gold- special celebration
green- normal, represents hope
red- colour of blood-days of suffering

51
Q

non liturgical worship

A

spontaneous- little pre organised structure
protestant, nonconforming churches- quakers

ensures that christians do know get stuck in a ‘rut’ and actually think about their prayers

reinforce importance of bible and application to their daily lives

52
Q

charismatic worship

A

worship that focuses on the messages and gifts of the holy spirit
movement began in 1906
seen as modern- often incorporating music, dancing and modern ways of speaking– keeping christianity up to date

non liturgical worship

charismatic worshippers believe that it is possible to experience the same gifts of the holy spirit as the apostles did on the day of pentecost - acts 2;1( book of acts)
pentecostal church

53
Q

individual worshippers

A

private worship
study bible
get to know faith in a better way
seek god’s guidance

54
Q

anglican worshio ( coe)

A

liturgical prayer
uses book of common prayer

liturgy of the word- bible readings, confession prayers

liturgy of the sacrament- receiving communion, breaking of the bread
dont believe in transubstantiation ( transformation of bread and wine into the body and blood of jesus

55
Q

roman catholic worship

A

liturgical worship
similar to anglican worship
believe in transubstantiation
originally in latin
eucharist service- celebration/ remembering of jesus’ death

56
Q

Quaker worship

A

non liturgical, spontaneous
sit in silence - reflect, think listen

no songs, set prayer , reading or talk.
believe in equality of people- no ministers

during the worship people can choose to stand up and speak their thought

worship ends when two quakers shake hands

57
Q

greek orthodox worship

A

liturgical
holy communion
believe in transubstantiation
liturgy of the word- prayers hymns.
liturgy of the faithful- historically only for baptised believers
lord’s prayer

emphasise role of holy spirit

58
Q

methodist worship

A

liturfical but less structured
similar to coe
open communion- to those even not baptised- everyone can participate
has a minister

59
Q

sacrament

A

ritual through which the grace of god can be received

60
Q

roman catholic 7 sacraments

or orthodox church 7 holy mysteries ( also sacraments)

A

baptism,confirmation, eucharist , confession, matrimony, holy oders, annointing of the sick

61
Q

protestant churches sacraments

A

only baptism and eucharist

62
Q

baptism vaguelyy

proof for it

A

a sacrament- outward sign of god’s grace
symbolises admission into christian church
wash away sins

john the baptist baptised jesus - when he went out of the water he saw the spirit of god- voice from heaven said ‘This is my son, whom i love; with him i am well pleased’
mathew 3;13( evidence for baptism)

63
Q

infant baptism

A

washes away original sin- if baby dies- goes to heaven
- catholic, orthodox church, coe
allows the baby to receive god’s blessing
parents make promise to god to raise the child as a christian
initiation rites- welcoming infant to church

64
Q

believers baptism

A
  • non conformist churches- non liturgical churches
    baptist and pentecostal church

person makes conscious decision

person needs to be a believer before getting baptised

make their own promises

fully submerged into water- symbolises death of their old life and start of their new life with god

65
Q

divergent views of baptism

A

salvation army and quakers do not practise baptism as they receive god’s grace inwardly.no need for outward signs

66
Q

eucharist

A

communion
last supper-remembers when jesus shared bread and wine with his disciples- crucifixion

bread is said to be his body and wine his blood- literal view- transubstantiation

67
Q

adoration

A

prayers that focus on god’s character and adore him for who he is ‘great is the lord most worthy of praise ‘ psalms 48:1

68
Q

supplication

A

prayer asking for help or support

69
Q

intercession

A

praying on behalf of other people- asking god to intervene for someone else

70
Q

prayer

A

a way in which believers believe that they can communicate with god

71
Q

lords prayer

A

jesus taught his followers how to pray by giving them lord’s prayer

includes key things that christians must remember

72
Q

individual prayer

A

time for reflection- consider why they believe in god

listen to voice of god
ask god to guide them

73
Q

religious pilgrimage

A

a journey to a sacred place or shrine that has religious importance

74
Q

lourdes

A

south of france
mainly for catholics
vision of ‘ lady of white ‘- told her to drink from a spring
heals incurable diseases, place of miracles

75
Q

jerusalem

A

israel
where jesus lived towards the end of his life- where he died and was seen after his resurrection
stone of unction- jesus’ body laid and washed after crucifixion

76
Q

walsingham

A

village in norfolk
lady of the manor had a vision of the virgin mary’s home in nazareth- built a house according to how she saw it in the vision

a shrine
miracles
statue of the virgin mary

77
Q

rome

A

vatican city
for catholics
home of the pope

78
Q

belief about the virgin mary in roman catholicism

A

holy, pious - excellent role model
she can be prayed to and give guidance
first believer in jesus as the messiah
mother to all christians
mother of god’s incarnate

79
Q

dogma

A

a set of principles given by an authority which they believe are definitely true- e.g statement from vatican church

80
Q

protestant belief ab virgin mary

A

reject ideas that mary can be prayed to
don’t believe in any dogma’s except the bible-belief in sola scriptura
do not believ in what happened at lourdes
virgin mary cannot perform miracles
only believ what is in the bible

81
Q

advent traditions

A

fourth sunday before 25 december
marks the start of the liturgical church year
marks the period of waiting for jesus’ birth and parousia
4 red candles, one lit for each week
christians get spiritually ready for christmas- seek forgiveness

82
Q

christmas eve traditions

A

midnight mass- special service of eucharist
catholic and anglican churches

83
Q

christmas traditions

A

churches hold services to celebrate jesus’ birth
christmas= celebration of jesus

84
Q

orthodox christmas

A

7th jan
many fast before this day- period of preparation
churches light a small fire of palms and frankincesnse

85
Q

christingles

A

orange- represent world
red ribbon- represents god’s love wrapped around the world and the blood of jesus christ on the cross
lit candle- symbolises jesus- the light of the world, hope

dried fruits - symbols of god’s creations and the 4 seasons

86
Q

Lent

A

40 days before easter
time of fasting- represents jesus’ fasting for 40 days in the wilderness
give up something they usually enjoy
show that they are able to resist temptation

87
Q

ash wednesday

A

start of lent
worshippers will have the sign on the cross marked on their forehead- show that they are sinners
time for preparation

88
Q

arguments for lent to be valuable

A

allow people to be mindful and grateful
people will appreciate more
more in tune with god

89
Q

arguments for lent being unnecessary

A

why should people have to suffer like jesus

why not do lent constantly instead of just 40 days

some people might find loopholes

90
Q

palm sunday

A

jesus rides into jerusalem on a donkey( not horse- he’s not a military leader)
crowds welcomed him on palm branches- the messiah- symbolise victory

in churches, small crosses given out made from palm leaves- from the palm leaves they waved at him

people reflect on their faith

91
Q

maundy thursday

A

day of last supper
established eucharist
communion service- bread and wine shared
roman catholic church wash the feet of 12 people - sign of humility- like how jesus washed the feet of his disciples

92
Q

good friday

A

jesus’ crucifixion
paid for the sin of humanity- atoned for our sins
god understands suffering
people think about god’s love- reflect on own life and sins
service at the cross- think about jesus’ death
passion plays
some churches remove all signs of colour
redemption, forgiveness, suffering

93
Q

Holy saturday and easter sunday

A

Easter vigil- saturday evening
churches will be fully decorated
bonfire lit
paschal candle lit with 5 pieces of incsense( 5 wounds jesus received)
candle lit - jesus is lit

Jesus waas resurrected , tomb found empty- eternal life in heaven
triumph of life over death- jesus demonstrates that he is god

94
Q

rite of passage

A

a religious ceremony marking an important stage in someone’s life

birth, marriage, death

95
Q

steps of a christian wedding ( not orthodox)

A

held in a church
vicars opening speech
vicar asks about any exceptions to marriage
vows are said
exchange of rings
hymns are sung
prayer and blessings

96
Q

orthodox wedding

A

exchange rings at engagement ceremony before hand
rituals repeated 3 times- holy trinity
exchange rings x3
rings placed on 3rd finger of right hand
wear stefanas-royalty of marriage
3 sips of wine from shared cup
follow priest circling altar 3 times- first steps as married couple

97
Q

what happens before death/ what do people do?

A

priest will visit the dying and help them prepare e.g confess their sins- annointing of the sick

98
Q

gathering

A

puts mourners at ease- not alone

99
Q

eulogy

A

describes their positive life- god hears it- heaven

100
Q

commendation and commital

A

chance to say goodbye- sense of finality ‘ ashes to ashes, dust to dust’

101
Q

wcc

A

world council of churches
DOES NOT include roman catholic church- already have a pope- own organisation

2 part missionary- conversion- help people come to a personal faith in god
reconciliation- working to see the christinanity message playing a part ins soceity- peace . ecological sustainability, etc

345 member of churches- campaign on key issues

102
Q

missio dei

A

god’s activity

103
Q

advantages and disadvantages of mission activities

A

brought european culture and education

did it forcefully sometimes
destroyed other cultures history

104
Q

how do christians see justice as a part of their mission

A

they have to hold people accountable

105
Q

evangelism

A

sharing the good news about Jesus coming to this world

106
Q

salvation army and evangelism

A

exists to be a disciple of jesus
intention of persuading to be christians

107
Q

how did house church movement develop

A

didnt wan worship to be controlled by a liturgy
wanted to meet and worship at home- led by holy spirit

108
Q

quote for evangelsim and conversion

A

matthew 28;19 ‘ go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptising them in the name of the father son and holy spirit’

109
Q

ecumenicalism

A

creating christian unity

110
Q

taize in france

A

ecumenical community
set up by roger schutz in 1940- give refuge to jews escaping nazis

set aside differences - forgiveness
communtiy and global unity

111
Q

corrymeela

A

ecumenical communtiy

Ireland- oldest peace and reconciliation centre
healing divides , see unity between humans

112
Q

iona

A

scotland - ecumenical community
deplore social justice
justice and peace

113
Q

persecution

A

where an individual or group are subjected to hostility or ill treatment

114
Q

john chau case study

A

was killed by an isolated tribe whilst he was attempting to convert them to christianity

115
Q

proselytising

A

attempt to convert others

evangelising is not proselytising- evangelism is sharing your faith whereas proselytising is forcefully or aggresively converting someone

116
Q

divergent view of evangelsim

A

other christians belive that they can convert people through their daily actions and interactions instead of actively converting them

117
Q

christian charities

A

tearfund- alleviate poverty
christain aid- combat social injustice

rs gcse (3 decks)

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