islam

Question 1

ottoman style periods

Answer 1

1. EARLY OTTOMAN PERIOD (13th-15th century)
   * Bursa Grand Mosque
   * Iznik Green Mosque
2. CLASSICAL OTTOMAN PERIOD (15th-17th century)
   * Hagia Sophia
   * Topkapi Palace
3. OTTOMAN BAROQUE PERIOD (18th century)
   * Dolmabahce Palace
   * Beylerbeyi Palace
4. LATE OTTOMAN PERIOD (18th-20th century)
   * Selimiye Mosque
   * Yildiz Palace

Question 2

islamic cities

Answer 2

COURTYARD HOUSES:
* Islamic houses organized around a central courtyard
* Provide privacy and protection
* Adorned with gardens and fountains
MOSQUES:
* Feature a central prayer hall with a mihrab
* A minaret from which the call to prayer is issued
* Domes
MADRASAS:
* Religious schools
* Include a central courtyard surrounded by classrooms and libraries
BAZAAR:
* Spaces for trading and social interaction
* Narrow streets, covered marketplaces and storefronts
MINARETS:
* Tall, slender towers attached to mosques
* Used for the call to prayer

Question 3

mosque components

Answer 3

COMPONENTS:
MIHRAB: a wall that indicates the direction of Mecca
MINBAR: a platform where religious teaching is delivered
MINARET: call tower
DOME: cover the central prayer hall
PRAYER HALL: praying is performed
COURTYARD: outdoor prayer area
ABLUTION AREA: water sources

Question 4

mosque plans

Answer 4

HYPOSTYLE MOSQUE: features a large central hall supported by columns. Great Mosque of Cordoba in Spain
CENTRAL-DOME MOSQUE: large central dome surrounded by smaller domes. The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
TRANSEPT PLAN MOSQUE: a central nave with a transept forming a T-shaped plan. Great Mosque of Kairouan
TRANVERSE PLAN MOSQUE: cross-shaped layout. Mosque of Ibn Tulun
IWAN MOSQUE: large, vaulted halls that open onto a courtyard. Imam Mosque

Question 5

art

Answer 5

• Unity, excellence and balance
• Use of geometric patterns and Arabic calligraphy
• Avoidance of human or animal figures
• Carries spiritual symbolism

Question 6

decorations

Answer 6

GEOMETRIC PATTERNS: a reflection of order and balance
ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY: uses Arabic script to create decorative compositions
ARABESQUE PATTERNS: inspird by nature featuring vines, leaves and flowers
MOSAICS: feature geometric patterns and calligraphy

Question 7

role and water of light

Answer 7

• Mosques incorporate water fountains and faucets for worshipers to cleanse before praying
• Reflective pools and fountains provide a sense of tranquility and are a source of cooling
• Water helps col the surrounding environment
• Natural light build connection between the built environment and nature
• Channeled through windows, skylight and courtyards
• Geometric patterns on windows to create patterns of light and shadow
• Lanterns hanging from domes provide artificial light and decoration