Islam Flashcards
Which civilization started spreading in the 7th century?
Islam
How long did the Umayyads last?
651-750
How long did the Abbasids last?
750-1258
Who destroyed the Abbasids?
The Mongols
How many muslims are there?
About 1.8 million (62 percent in southeast asia)
What does islam mean?
literally means “submission, giving one’s face to God.”
When was Muhammed born? Who was he?
He was born around 570, he is the founder of Muslim religion, and the messenger of God
What is the Quran? How many chapters does it have?
The Quran is a book that contains revelations from God, it is like the bible. 114 chapters
How many times do muslims pray?
Muslims pray five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at sunset and at night.
What is a mosque?
It is a house of god where people can pray
What are the Five Pillars?
These are rules that every good muslim must abide by.
What is Shahadah?(Testimony of faith) Of the five pillars.
This precept is the basis of the Islamic faith and requires the faithful to bear witness to their religion and follow its principles;
What is salat?(The prayer) Of the five pillars.
Fhe already mentioned Islamic prayer provides five moments of daily spiritual recollection;
What is zakat? (legal almsgiving) Of the five pillars.
The Islamic religion prescribes the sharing of wealth and a certain attention to the poor.
What is sawn/siyam? (fasting) Of the five pillars.
In the sacred month of Ramadan, the faithful cannot eat (and theoretically not even drink) until daylight disappears;
What is haji?(The Pilgrimage) One of the five pillars.
At least once in a lifetime the good Muslim must go on pilgrimage to the sacred city, Mecca (in present-day Saudi Arabia) during the last month of the Islamic year.
Which interpretation is the most popular?
The Sunni(About 85 percent of muslims)
What are the beliefs about leadership of islam of the Sunnites?
They are proponents of the idea that any Muslim, preferably Arab, can assume leadership of the Islamic community.
How many schools do the Sunnites have? What are they?
There are 4 schools
These legal schools are named after their founders and were formed and developed around the ‘Ulama and Fuqaha’ (knowledgeable experts) between 699 AD and 829 AD, they are:
- The Hanafite school;
- The Hambalite school;
- The Malikite school;
- The Shafi’ta school.
They each see things differently.
What are the main sources of law and religion for the Sunni?
The main sources of Sunni Islamic doctrine are:
- The Qur’an, which constitutes the main sacred text of Islam;
- The Sunna, which constitutes a set of practices and customs;
- The Ijma’ (the “consensus”), that is the possibility for the legislator to have recourse to the principle of the consensus of the community of jurists;
- The Ijtihad (the “opinion”): the possibility of using reasoning and clarifying the content of a law through a series of logical mechanisms.
When was the Hanafite school founded, and by who was it founded? Why is it notable?
The Hanafite school (founded by Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Thābit) arose shortly after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (632 CE).
The Hanafite school was the state doctrine in the Ottoman Empire and in the territories controlled by it until its extinction after the First World War.
To date, it is the most widespread doctrine in the Sunni world and helps regulate the lives of about 30% of Sunni Muslims.
When was the Malikite school founded, who founded it, and what are some notable things about it? What are their main religious sources?
The second most widespread legal school is the Malikite school, founded in Medina by Malik ibn Anas (715 AD - 769 AD).
This school is widespread in the Maghreb (the name by which the Arabs designate the countries of northern Africa), and in sub-Saharan Africa and was also the main legal source for the emirates of Andalusia and Sicily.
According to al-Malik, in addition to the Koran and the Sunna, it is necessary to use the ijma’, the consensus of the learned and the community of the wise, as a criterion for interpretation.
When was the Shafi’ita school founded, who founded it, why are they notable? Religious sources?
The Shafi’ita school of law, founded in Palestine by Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi’i (767-820 AD), is the third most widespread and can be found mainly in Indonesia, Syria and East Africa.
According to the Shafi’iti, among the main sources of Islamic law, in addition to the Koran and the Sunna, should also be included the ijma’ (consensus) and qiyās (analogy or syllogism).
When was the Hambalite school founded, who founded it, why is it notable, Religious sources?
The Hambalite school, founded by Ahmad Ibn Hambal (780-855 A.D.), is definitely the most rigid.
Very widespread in the Arabian Peninsula, it currently constitutes the state doctrine in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar.
Hambalism advocates the literal interpretation of the two main sources of Shari’a (the Qur’ān and the Sunna) and rejects interpretive methods based on human reasoning such as qiyās.
