Islam

Question 1

Which civilization started spreading in the 7th century?

Answer 1

Islam

Question 2

How long did the Umayyads last?

Answer 2

651-750

Question 3

How long did the Abbasids last?

Answer 3

750-1258

Question 4

Who destroyed the Abbasids?

Answer 4

The Mongols

Question 5

How many muslims are there?

Answer 5

About 1.8 million (62 percent in southeast asia)

Question 6

What does islam mean?

Answer 6

literally means “submission, giving one’s face to God.”

Question 7

When was Muhammed born? Who was he?

Answer 7

He was born around 570, he is the founder of Muslim religion, and the messenger of God

Question 8

What is the Quran? How many chapters does it have?

Answer 8

The Quran is a book that contains revelations from God, it is like the bible. 114 chapters

Question 9

How many times do muslims pray?

Answer 9

Muslims pray five times a day: at dawn, at noon, in the afternoon, at sunset and at night.

Question 10

What is a mosque?

Answer 10

It is a house of god where people can pray

Question 11

What are the Five Pillars?

Answer 11

These are rules that every good muslim must abide by.

Question 12

What is Shahadah?(Testimony of faith) Of the five pillars.

Answer 12

This precept is the basis of the Islamic faith and requires the faithful to bear witness to their religion and follow its principles;

Question 13

What is salat?(The prayer) Of the five pillars.

Answer 13

Fhe already mentioned Islamic prayer provides five moments of daily spiritual recollection;

Question 14

What is zakat? (legal almsgiving) Of the five pillars.

Answer 14

The Islamic religion prescribes the sharing of wealth and a certain attention to the poor.

Question 15

What is sawn/siyam? (fasting) Of the five pillars.

Answer 15

In the sacred month of Ramadan, the faithful cannot eat (and theoretically not even drink) until daylight disappears;

Question 16

What is haji?(The Pilgrimage) One of the five pillars.

Answer 16

At least once in a lifetime the good Muslim must go on pilgrimage to the sacred city, Mecca (in present-day Saudi Arabia) during the last month of the Islamic year.

Question 17

Which interpretation is the most popular?

Answer 17

The Sunni(About 85 percent of muslims)

Question 18

What are the beliefs about leadership of islam of the Sunnites?

Answer 18

They are proponents of the idea that any Muslim, preferably Arab, can assume leadership of the Islamic community.

Question 19

How many schools do the Sunnites have? What are they?

Answer 19

There are 4 schools
These legal schools are named after their founders and were formed and developed around the ‘Ulama and Fuqaha’ (knowledgeable experts) between 699 AD and 829 AD, they are:

• The Hanafite school;
• The Hambalite school;
• The Malikite school;
• The Shafi’ta school.
  They each see things differently.

Question 20

What are the main sources of law and religion for the Sunni?

Answer 20

The main sources of Sunni Islamic doctrine are:

• The Qur’an, which constitutes the main sacred text of Islam;
• The Sunna, which constitutes a set of practices and customs;
• The Ijma’ (the “consensus”), that is the possibility for the legislator to have recourse to the principle of the consensus of the community of jurists;
• The Ijtihad (the “opinion”): the possibility of using reasoning and clarifying the content of a law through a series of logical mechanisms.

Question 21

When was the Hanafite school founded, and by who was it founded? Why is it notable?

Answer 21

The Hanafite school (founded by Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Thābit) arose shortly after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (632 CE).
The Hanafite school was the state doctrine in the Ottoman Empire and in the territories controlled by it until its extinction after the First World War.
To date, it is the most widespread doctrine in the Sunni world and helps regulate the lives of about 30% of Sunni Muslims.

Question 22

When was the Malikite school founded, who founded it, and what are some notable things about it? What are their main religious sources?

Answer 22

The second most widespread legal school is the Malikite school, founded in Medina by Malik ibn Anas (715 AD - 769 AD).

This school is widespread in the Maghreb (the name by which the Arabs designate the countries of northern Africa), and in sub-Saharan Africa and was also the main legal source for the emirates of Andalusia and Sicily.

According to al-Malik, in addition to the Koran and the Sunna, it is necessary to use the ijma’, the consensus of the learned and the community of the wise, as a criterion for interpretation.

Question 23

When was the Shafi’ita school founded, who founded it, why are they notable? Religious sources?

Answer 23

The Shafi’ita school of law, founded in Palestine by Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi’i (767-820 AD), is the third most widespread and can be found mainly in Indonesia, Syria and East Africa.

According to the Shafi’iti, among the main sources of Islamic law, in addition to the Koran and the Sunna, should also be included the ijma’ (consensus) and qiyās (analogy or syllogism).

Question 24

When was the Hambalite school founded, who founded it, why is it notable, Religious sources?

Answer 24

The Hambalite school, founded by Ahmad Ibn Hambal (780-855 A.D.), is definitely the most rigid.

Very widespread in the Arabian Peninsula, it currently constitutes the state doctrine in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar.

Hambalism advocates the literal interpretation of the two main sources of Shari’a (the Qur’ān and the Sunna) and rejects interpretive methods based on human reasoning such as qiyās.

Question 25

What is the Shia interpretation, when was it founded?

Answer 25

Their origin dates back to the death of the Prophet (632 A.D.).
Common to all of them is the belief that ‛Alī, cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, had been explicitly designated to succeed him, so that the first three caliphs were usurpers; they also agree that the imamate(leadership) (i.e. the caliphate) can only belong to descendants of ‛Alī and his wife Fāṭima.
They make up 15 percent of muslims

Question 26

How many schools do the Shiite, or Shia’s have? What are the schools?

Answer 26

they have three main schools

• Zaidites, who represent the address less distant from Sunni orthodoxy on the political and legal terrain;
• Imamites or Duodecimans, are moderate and the most numerous and politically important;
• Ismailites or Batinites, the most distant from orthodoxy.

Question 27

Largest group in the Shiite?

Answer 27

The largest group (over 80%) is made up of the Imamites (Iran, Afghanistan, India, Syria, Iraq); followed by the Ismailites (more than 15% including Druze and Nuṣairi: India, Syria, some districts of the Arabian Peninsula) and finally the Zaidites, almost all in Yemen.

Question 28

Who are the Kharagites? When were they founded?

Answer 28

Followers of the Islamic sect that arose in 657 A.D. as a result of the dissension that broke out among the followers of Caliph Alī over the permissibility of settling the question of succession to the caliphate by arbitration.

Divided into various offshoots, some with extremist tendencies, others more moderate, they also formed important political formations (in North Africa in the 10th century, in East Arabia, in East Africa), and survive in the Ibadite branch.

Question 29

What do the Kharagites believe?

Answer 29

They defended the idea that the leadership of the Muslim world should go to the one who had the most merit towards Islam.

Question 30

What is Sufism? When was it founded?

Answer 30

At the end of the 8th century there is the first known attestation of the term ṣūfī, to indicate a devotee of al-Kūfa, and around the middle of the 9th century this expression was used to indicate those who devoted themselves with particular intensity to spiritual disciplines; shortly afterwards there is the diffusion of the term taṣawwuf (“professing to be ṣūfī”) to indicate the tendency as a whole.