ISBB - Other Blood Group Flashcards
1
Q
Produced by tissue cells and found in secretions
A
ISBT 007 / Lewis
2
Q
Not well developed at birth
A
ISBT 007 / Lewis
3
Q
Identify if Le (a-b-) is newborn, nonsecretor, or true Lewis phenotype
A
newborn
4
Q
Identify if Le (a+b-) is newborn, nonsecretor, or true Lewis phenotype
A
nonsecretor
5
Q
Identify if Le (a-b+) is newborn, nonsecretor, or true Lewis phenotype
A
true Lewis phenotype
6
Q
Unique because ___ antigens are not intrinsic to RBCs but are type 1 glycosphingolipids that are passively absorbed on the RBC membrane plasma
A
ISBT 007 / Lewis
7
Q
♥ Le (a-b-): found more frequently among ___
♥ _____: rare among whites and Africans but is more frequent among Asians
♥ _____: always present on nonsecretors; Lewis nonsecretor phenotype
A
♥ Africans
♥ Le (a+b+)
♥ Le(a)
8
Q
Lack of expression of Lewis antigens has been demonstrated on the RBCs of patients with ___, ___, ___, ___
A
Cancer
Alcoholic
Cirrhosis
Viral and parasitic infections
9
Q
Lewis causes mild ___; do not cause ___
A
HTR; HDN
10
Q
ISBT 007
A
Lewis
11
Q
ISBT 003
A
P1PK
12
Q
P1PK: In their search for new antigens, they injected rabbits with human RBCs and produced an antibody, initially called ___, that divided human RBCs into two groups: ___ and ___
A
Anti-P
P+ and P-
13
Q
___, ___, or ___ may be found on RBCs, lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes
A
P1, P, or Pk
14
Q
P can be found on platelets, ___ and ___
A
Epithelial cells and fibroblasts
15
Q
P and Pk have also been found in plasma as ___ and as ___ in hydatid cyst fluid
A
glycosphingolipids; glycoproteins
16
Q
P antigen: poorly expressed at birth and may take up to ___ years to be fully expressed
A
seven
17
Q
P antigen deteriorates rapidly on storage – older RBCs used as control for typing reagents can lead to false ___ result
A
negative
18
Q
P antigen has been identified in hydatid cyst fluid (___), ___ (common earth worm) and Ascaris suum
A
E. granulosus
Lumbricoides terrestris
19
Q
P1-like antigen has been found on: (Give 3)
A
Plasma
Droppings of pigeon and turtle doves
Eggwhite of turtle doves
20
Q
Blacks have a stronger expression of (P1) than whites
A
True
21
Q
___ marker of apoptosis in germinal center B cells, Burkitt lymphoma, and lymphoblastic leukemia
A
Pk antigen
22
Q
A receptor for Shiga toxins which cause Shigella dysentery and E. coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and also provides protection against HIV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells
A
Pk antigen
23
Q
Autoanti-P
- PNH (Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)
OR
- PCH (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria)
A
PCH (paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria)
24
Q
Anti-P1: observed in individuals infected with ____; have also been found in patients with fascioliasis (bovine liver fluke disease) and in bird handlers
A
Echinococcus granulosus
25
___ originally called as anti- (“T” = tumor) was first described in the serum of Mrs. Jay, a p individual with adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Anti-PP1Pk
26
Produced by p individuals early in life without RBC sensitization and reacts with all RBCs except those of the p phenotype
Anti-PP1Pk
27
Anti-PP1Pk is associated with ___ in early pregnancy
spontaneous abortions
28
Anti-Pk is associated with ___ and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
biliary cirrhosis
29
P system antigens also serve as receptors for ___ – a cause of UTI
P-fimbriated uropathogenic E. coli
30
P is the receptor of human ___
parvovirus B19
31
ISBT 002
MNS
32
How many antigens have been included in the MNS system that makes it almost equal to Rh in size and complexity?
49
33
___ antigens is found on glycophorin ___ and they are antithetical antigens – easily destroyed by enzymes
MN
A
34
___ antigens is found on glycophorin ___ and they are antithetical antigens – less easily destroyed by enzymes
Ss
B
35
In MNS, the _____:
reacts best when acidified;
pH-dependent (reacts best at pH 6.5);
shows DOSAGE effect
Anti-M
36
In MNS, the _____ is seen in renal patient, who are dialyzed on equipment sterilized with formaldehyde
Anti-N
37
In MNS, the Anti -___
___ = universal; found on black people
U
38
En(a-) phenotype: M-N-
---> Confers resistance to ___ merozoite
Plasmodium falciparum
39
_____ phenotype:
null phenotype;
typed as M-N-S-s-U-En(a-)Wr(a-b-), but has a normal hematologic picture
Mk
40
In MNSS, the ___ may serve as the receptor by which certain pyelonephritogenic strains of E. coli gain entry to the urinary tract
Glycophorin A
41
The malaria parasite ___ appears to use alternative receptors, including GPA and GPB
Plasmodium falciparum
42
ISBT number of "I" which is also known as individuality"
027
43
At birth, infant red cells are rich in (i or I) and
(i or I) is almost undetectable
rich in i
undetectable in I
44
During the first ___ of life, the quantity of i slowly decreases as I increases until adult proportions are reached;
adult red cells are rich in I and have only trace amount of i antigen
18 months
45
There is NO true I- or i- phenotype
true
46
I and i are NO antithetical antigens
True
47
In ISBT 027: I, ___ is common antibody that can be benign or pathologic
Anti-I
48
Anti-I demonstrates strong reactions with (adult/cord) cells and weak reactions with (adult/cord) cells
adult
cord
49
Anti-I is not associated with ___ because the antigen is poorly expressed on infant red cells
HDN
50
Benign Anti-I
OR
Pathologic Anti-I / Anutoanti-I
is found in the serum of normal healthy adults; not associated with an in vivo red cell destruction
Benign Anti-I
51
Benign Anti-I
OR
Pathologic Anti-I / Anutoanti-I
patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae often develop strong cold agglutinin with I specificity as a cross-reactive response to Mycoplasma antigen
Pathologic Anti-I / Anutoanti-I
52
Pathologic Anti-I / Anutoanti-I:
___ organism from a patient with cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia has been reported to absorb anti-I and stimulate its production in rabbits
Listeria monocytogenes
53
Pathologic Anti-I / Auto anti-I:
Associated with ___ disease
cold agglutinin
54
(Anti-i / Anti-I) is associated with infectious mononucleosis, alcoholic cirrhosis, myeloid leukemia and reticuloses
Anti-i
55
Anti-I^T:
T = transition
Naturally occurring antibody among Melanesians, coastal residents of Papua New Guinea, Yayoma and Venezuela
Have been found in patients with ___, with special association with Hodgkin’s lymphoma
warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA)
56
Chronic dyserythropoiesis anemia type II or hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with a positive acidified serum test is associated with much greater
---> (I or i) activity
i activity
57
In Asians, the "i" adult phenotype has been associated with ___
congenital cataracts
58
ISBT 008
Duffy
59
Named for Mr. Duffy, a multiply transfused hemophiliac who in 1950 was found to have the first described example of ___
anti-Fya
60
___ is important for invasion of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi
Fy6
61
Anti-Fya and anti-Fyb have been associated with ___ & ___
acute & delayed HTRs
62
Unlike Fya and Fyb, the ___ antigen is not destroyed by enzymes
Like (ans in the first blank), ___ is not also destroyed by enzymes
Fy3
Fy5
63
In Duffy, the Fy(___) is commonly found in black population
(a-b-)
64
ISBT 009
KIDD
65
Found on Mrs. Kidd whose infant has ___
HDN
66
___ antibodies have a notorious reputation in the blood bank (What ISBT?)
Kidd
67
Kidd is the most common cause of ___
delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR)
68
Drug-induced autoantibody is associated with Kidd blood group system on patient receiving ___ and another was CHLORPROPAMIDE-dependent
ALDOMET/METHYLDOPA
69
KIDD blood group system
Jk(___)
null phenotype;
most abundant among Polynesian, and is identified in Filipinos, Indonesian, Chinese, and Japanese
(a-b-)
70
Jk(a-b-) also resists lysis to ___
2M urea
71
With Jk(a+) or Jk(b+) RBCs, lysis in 2M urea occurs within how many minute/s?
With Jk(a-b-) cells, lysis is delayed by how many minute/s?
1 minute
30 minutes
72
ISBT 006
KELL
73
Excluding ABO, this ISBT (__) is rated second only to D in terms of immunogenicity
K
74
KELL consists of ___ high-prevalence & low-prevalence antigens;
36
75
___ was the first blood group system discovered after the introduction of antiglobulin testing
KELL
76
___ antigen can be detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10 weeks and is well developed at birth
K
77
Kell blood group antigens are found only on what blood cells?
RBCs
78
Kell antigen expression is dependent upon the presence of ___ protein
Xk
79
In Kell, the ___ Syndrome:
- absence of Xk results
- associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
McLeod
80
Depressed Kell antigens are seen on RBCs with the rare ___-negative phenotypes
Ge: -2, -3, 4 and Ge: -2, -3, -4
Gerbich
81
Patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, in which the autoantibody is directed against a Kell antigen, may have depressed expression of that antigen
(T or F)
True
82
K (Kell)
k (Cellano)
Kpa (___)
Kpb (___)
Jsa (___)
Jsb (___)
Penny
Rautenberg
Sutter
Matthews
83
___ is an antibody outside of the ABO and Rh antibodies which is a most common antibody seen in blood bank
- Was identified in 1946 in the serum of Mrs. Kelleher
- Associated with severe HDN
Anti-K
84
Antibodies to ___, ___, and other low frequency Kell antigens: are rare because so few people are exposed to the antigen;
most often detected through unexpected incompatible crossmatches or cases of HDN
Kpa
Jsa
85
Antibodies to ___, ___, ___, and other high-frequency Kell antigens: antibodies to high frequency Kell antigens are rare, because so few people lack the antigen
k
Kpb
Jsb
86
In Kell, the ___ antigen is present on all RBCs except those of the rare McLeod phenotype (K0 and Kmod phenotype RBCs have increased Kx antigen)
Kx
87
___ phenotype: lack expression of all Kell antigens
K0
88
___: recognizes the “universal” Kell antigen (Ku) present on all RBCs except K0
Anti-Ku
89
ISBT 005
Lutheran
90
Named from the donor Lutheran when an anti- ___ was discovered in serum of a patient with SLE following transfusion
Lu(a)
91
Lutheran antigens have not been detected on platelets, ___, monocytes, or granulocytes
lymphocytes
92
Lutheran ___ is widely expressed distributed in tissue: brain, lung, pancreas, placenta, skeletal muscle and hepatocytes
glycoproteins
93
In anti-Lu(a), most are naturally occurring saline agglutinins (Ig__) that react better at ___ than 37C
IgM
RT
94
Anti-Lu(a):
Experienced technologists recognize Lutheran antibodies by their characteristic ___,___ reactivity in a test tube
loose, mixed-field
95
___ is implicated with shortened survival of transfused cells and posttransfusion jaundice.
What anti-Lutheran?
Anti-Lu(a)
Anti-Lub
Anti-Lu3
Anti-Lub
96
___ is a rare antibody that reacts with all RBCs except Lu(a-b-) RBCs
What anti-Lutheran?
Anti-Lu(a)
Anti-Lub
Anti-Lu3
Anti-Lu3
97
ISBT 010
DIEGO
98
Di(a) antigen has served as a useful tool in anthropologic studies of ___ ancestry
Mongolian
99
Diego antigens are located on the ___ (AE-1)
anion exchange molecule
100
Associated with hereditary spherocytosis, acanthocytosis and southeast Asian ovalocytosis. What blood group system?
ISBT 010 / Diego
101
ISBT 011
Cartwright
102
Yt(a): ___ incidence antigen
Yt(b): ___ incidence antigen
high
low
103
___ antigens have been located on erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase, which is an enzyme involved in neurotransmission
Yt
104
ISBT 012
XG
105
Xg(a) antigen is carried by a protein with cell adhesion properties that has been demonstrated to have homology with the CD__ molecule
99
106
ISBT 013
Scianna
107
Scianna Null Type: ___
Sc: -1, -2, -3
108
SC gene is located on chromosome ___ at ___. The product of the gene is a protein called erythroid membrane-associated protein (ERMAP), which is an RBC adhesion protein
1 at 1p34
109
The prevalence of Sc2 in Northern Europaeans is 1% but is higher in the ___ population
Mennonite
110
ISBT 014
Dombrock
111
The ___ antigens are carried on a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase 4 (ART4) attached to the RBC membrane by a GPI anchor
Dombrock
112
Dombrock Null: ___ phenotype
Gy(a-)
113
Dombrock is not associated with ___, but reported to cause ___
HDN
delayed transfusion reactions
114
ISBT 015
Colton
115
The ___ antigens are carried on an integral membrane protein, aquaporin 1 (AQP1), which accounts for 80% of water reabsorption in the kidneys
Colton
116
CO antigens have been located on the transport protein known as ___ (CHIP), which forms the primary RBC water channel and is responsible for water permeability
channel forming integral protein
117
ISBT 016
Landsteiner-wiener
118
LW(___):
null phenotype;
in one individual who made anti-LW(ab) – Mrs. Big
a-b-
119
___ antigens are resistant to treatment of RBCs with enzymes and glycineacid EDTA
LW
120
___ is also common in serum from patients with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Autoanti-LW
121
ISBT 017
CHIDO / RODGERS
122
what blood group system is associated with HLA system?
CHIDO / RODGERS
123
Chido / Rodgers is composed of ___ antigens, they are on the fourth component of complement (C4), and are adsorbed onto RBCs from plasma
nine
124
Anti-___ antibodies were collectively grouped as HTLA (high titer, low avidity) along with other antibodies
Ch/Rg
125
ISBT 020
GERBICH
126
Ge antigens are inherited on chromosome ___ and are expressed on glycophorins C and/or D
2
127
Individuals with ___ phenotype
(Ge: -2, -3, -4) present with a change in RBC morphology in the form of elliptocytes
Leach
128
Rh Null Syndrome: + ___
___: + acanthocytes
stomatocytes
McLeod Phenotype
129
In Gerbich, the ___ type is the Gerbich null phenotype
Leach
130
___ most common Gerbich antibody
Anti-Ge(2)
131
♥ ___ type: Ge: -2, 3, 4
♥ Gerbich type: Ge: ___
♥ Leach type: Ge: -2, -3, -4
Yus
-2, -3, 4
132
ISBT 021
CROMER
133
In 1965, an antibody was found in a ___ patient, Mrs. Cromer, that reacted with all RBCs except her own and two siblings.
black prenatal
134
It was originally thought Mrs, Cromer antibody recognized an antigen antithetical to Go(a) of the Rh blood group system. The antibody was named ___ in 1975
anti-Cr(a)
135
Cromer null phenotype: ___
In(ab)
136
The Cr(a-) phenotype is typically found in ___ and is not found in ___
blacks
whites
137
Dr(a-) RBCs have weakened expression of all other high-prevalence Cromer antigens.
Has been found only among ___from Bakhara and in ___
Jews
Japanese
138
___ antibodies are rarely observed, with majority examples are on black individuals
CROM
139
ISBT 022
Knops
140
The ___ phenotype represents the serologic null phenotype for the Knops blood group; these RBCs type Kn(a-b-), McC(a-), SI(a-) and Yk(a-) because of the low copy number of CR1
Helgeson
141
ISBT 023
INDIAN
142
IN antibodies are carried on the hematopoietic isoform of the CD___ marker, which is known for its immune adhesion properties
44
143
ISBT 024
OK
144
Anti-Ok(a) was identified in 1979 and was named after the antibody maker, Mrs. ___
Kobutso
145
OK antigens are carried on CD___, or basigin, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that mainly functions as receptors and adhesion molecules
147
146
___is a receptor essential for invasion by Plasmodium falciparum
Basigin
147
ISBT 025
RAPH
148
___, the only antigen in the Raph system, which was originally defined by two monoclonal antibodies
MER2
149
MER2 (Raph antigen) is located on CD___, a tetraspanin, which appears to be essential for the assembly of basement membranes in the kidney and skin
151
150
The antigen name is derived from monoclonal, and ___, the laboratory where the antibody was produced
Eleanor Roosevelt
151
ISBT 026
JOHN HAMILTON HAGEN
152
♥ JMH is a ___-prevalence antigen
♥ Numerous examples of anti-JMH have been seen, especially in patients ___ years and older
high
50
153
ISBT 029
GILL
154
♥ ___: the only one antigen in GILL
♥ This antigen is found on the glycerol transporter aquaporin 3 (AQP3), a member of the major intrinsic protein family of water and glycerol channels
GIL
155
ISBT 030
RHAG
156
The ___ does not have Rh blood group antigens; however, its presence in a complex with the Rh proteins is essential for Rh antigen expression
Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG)
157
Absence of RhAG due to inactivating mutations in RHAG results in the ___ phenotype; some missense mutations in RHAG result in the ___ phenotype
Rh null
Rhmod
158
Four Antigens of RHAG:
♥ ___: high prevalence
♥ ___: very rare, low prevalence
♥ ___: high prevalence
♥ RHAG4
Duclos
Ola
DSLK (Duclos-like)
159
ISBT 031
FORS
160
In 1987, the Forssman glycosphingolipid was first thought to be a subgroup of A called ___
Apae
161
Healthy and malignant human tissue such as gastric and colonic mucosa, lung and kidney have been reported to express the Forssman glycolipid. What blood group system?
ISBT 031: FORS
162
The Forssman glycolipid can serve as a receptor for pathogens such as Escherichia coli, making one believe that human cells that express the ___ may have an increased susceptibility to E. coli infection
FORS1
163
ISBT 032
JR
164
Jr(___) is a high-prevalence antigen in most populations
The Jr(___) phenotype is found more commonly in Japanese
a
a-
165
ISBT 033
LAN
166
The only one antigen of LAN
Lan
167
ISBT 035
CD59
168
CD59: a GPI-linked complement-regulatory glycoprotein also known as the ___ (MIRL)
membrane inhibitor of lysis
169
___ is an acquired hemolytic anemia caused by a mutation in the GPI-linker gene
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
170
ISBT 036
AUGUSTINE
171
___ was first described in 1967 in the serum of a black woman named Mrs. Augustine
Anti-At(a)
172
At(__) is a high-prevalence antigen, and all At(__) individuals have been black
a
a-
173
Null phenotype of AUG
AUG1
174
____ antigen is associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and metastasis in renal carcinoma
LUKE (LKE)
175
Decreased expression of the ___ is seen in individuals with the Se gene with secretors having a 3- to 4-fold decreased risk of E. coli infections.
LKE
176
Sd(a): high-prevalence antigen named for ___, who was the head of the maintenance department at the Lister Institute in London
Sid
177
The soluble form of Sd(a) is ___ found in urine. The antigen is not expressed on RBCs of newborns but is in their saliva, urine and meconium
Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein
178
Anti-Sd(a): usually an IgM agglutinin that is reactive at RT, but it can be detected in the indirect antiglobulin test and does not react with cord RBCs.
Reactivity is described as ___
small, refractile (shiny) agglutinates in a sea
of free RBCs
179
The name “Bg” was given to HLA class I antigens that are detectable on mature RBCs
BENNETT GOODSPEED ANTIGENS
180
♥ Bg(a): represents HLA ____
♥ Bg(b): represent HLA ___
♥ Bg(c): represent HLA ___
B7
B17
A28
181
Low-prevalence antigen
(low-incidence antigen)
– less than 10%.
Give examples:
Wright’s antigen
Swann (Swa)
Mta
Tra
182
High-prevalence antigen
(high-incidence antigen)
– 98% to 99%
Give examples:
Augustine (Ata)
Crome (Cra)
Ena
Gerbich
Gregory (Gya)
Holley (Hy)
Jacobs (Jra)
Joseph (Joa)
Langereis (Lan)
Vel (Ve)***
183
An antigenic characteristic of the RBC membrane that is unique to an individual or a related family of individuals and therefore is not commonly found on all cells (usually <1% of population)
Private antigen
184
♥ Antibodies exhibit reactivity at high dilutions of serum, but the strength of agglutination is weak at any dilution
♥ Antibodies formerly classified as HTLA’s owing to similar serologic reactivity
♥ Examples: anti-Ch/Rg, anti-Kn, Anti-Yk (York), anti-Cs (Cost), anti-JMH, anti-Mccoy
High Titer, Low Avidity Antibodies
185
6 Naturally occurring/ Cold antibodies
LIPMAN
Lewis
I
P
MNs
AB
Lutheran
186
6 Clinically significant antibodies
ABO, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, SsU
187
4 Warm antibodies
Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd
188
The only three that react only in AHG
Kell, Duffy, Kidd
189
Can react in any phase of testing
Lewis
190
Enhanced by enzyme (give the six)
KLIPRA
Kidd
Lewis
I
P
Rh
ABO
191
Destroyed by enzyme
(Sensitive to enzyme treatment)
MN
Duffy (Fya & Fyb)
– easily destroyed by enzyme treatment such as ficin and papain
Ch/Rg
Yt
Xg
Gerbich antigens (Ge2 and Ge4),
Indian antigens
JMH
– others
192
Enhanced by acidification
M
193
Dosage effect (give 5)
DR. KIMNS Lutheran
Duffy
Rh
Kidd
MNSs
Lutheran
194
Bind complement (give 5)
PILAK
P
I
Lewis
ABO
Kidd
195
Most common cause of delayed HTR
Kidd
196
Sources of substances for neutralization
for certain antibodies:
Anti-I --->
Mother’s milk
197
Sources of substances for neutralization
for certain antibodies:
Anti-H --->
Saliva
198
Sources of substances for neutralization
for certain antibodies:
Anti-Sd(a) --->
Guinea pig urine
199
Sources of substances for neutralization
for certain antibodies:
Anti-Chido, anti-Rodgers --->
Plasma/serum
200
Sources of substances for neutralization
for certain antibodies:
Anti-Lewis --->
Secretor saliva, plasma/serum
201
Sources of substances for neutralization
for certain antibodies:
Anti-P1 --->
Hydatid cyst fluid, pigeon droppings, turtle dove egg white
