Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

3rd yr 2nd sem > CC2 - ENDOCRINOLOGY > Flashcards

CC2 - ENDOCRINOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical substance that sends message to another cell in the body.

A

Hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hormone are cellular messages that are sent to other cells via:

A

➢ Bloodstream
➢ Gastrointestinal tract
➢ Neurologically
➢ Interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 HORMONE CLASSIFICATION

A

Amine
Peptide
Protein
Glycoprotein
Steroid
Fatty Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hormone Classification:

Very short half-lives compared to other protein hormones

A

AMINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Examples of AMINE

A

Epinephrine
Melatonin
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Serotonin
urinary 5- Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid (5-HIAA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hormone Classification:

  • Made of chains of amino acids
  • Cannot cross cellular membranes easily
A

PEPTIDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Examples of PEPTIDE

A

Vasopressin
Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vasopressin and Oxytocin are stored in

A

posterior pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hormone Classification:

  • Made of chains of amino acids
  • Have primary, secondary, and tertiary structures
A

PROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of PROTEIN

A

ACTH
Calcitonin
Insulin
Glucagon
Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hormone Classification:

Conjugated proteins bound to carbohydrates

A

GLYCOPROTEIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of GLYCOPROTEIN

A
  • FSH→Follicle Stimulating Hormone
  • LH → Luteinizing Hormone
  • TSH → Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hormone Classification:

  • Derived from a lipid, typically cholesterol
  • Act in the nucleus of the cell, to modify transcription and translation
A

STEROID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of STEROID

A

aldosterone
cortisol
estrogen
progesterone
testosterone
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hormone Classification:

Made up of small fatty acid derivatives of arachidonic acid

A

FATTY ACID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of FATTY ACID

A
  • Eicosanoids → related to hemostasis
  • Leukotrienes → inflammation response; elicit
    inflammation
  • Prostaglandin & Thromboxanes → release from
    endothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PITUITARY GLAND is divided into two:

Derived from both Latin and Greek literally means to ___

Known as the ___

A

Anterior & Posterior

Spit mucus

Master gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

They are not directed secreted and are also called as

A

HYPOPHYSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ANTERIOR PITUITARY is also known as

A

Adenohypophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • Largest portion of the gland
  • It is the “true endocrine gland”
A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ANTERIOR PITUITARY

The hormones secreted by the anterior lobe are either ___ or ___

A

peptides
glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Anterior is for ___
Posterior is for ____

A

secretion
storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

5 ANTERIOR PITUITARY CELL TYPES

A

Lactotrophs
Somatotrophs
Thyrotrophs
Corticotrophs
Gonadotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

• ___ – prolactin secreting cells

• ___ – growth hormone secreting cells

• Thyrotrophs – ___ hormone secreting cells

• Corticotrophs – ___ secreting cells

• ___ – LH and FSH secreting cells

A

Lactotrophs

Somatotrophs

thyroid stimulating

ACTH

Gonadotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Poorly developed in humans and has little functional capacity
INTERMEDIATE LOBE
26
INTERMEDIATE LOBE also called as
pars intermedialis
27
POSTERIOR PITUITARY also known as
Neurohypophysis
28
POSTERIOR PITUITARY arises from the ___
diencephalon
29
POSTERIOR PITUITARY is responsible for the storage and release of ___ and ___
oxytocin vasopressin (ADH)
30
Oxytocin and Vasopressin are release through direction of ___
central nervous system
31
Pituitary Gland is detected between ___ & ___ of gestation
7th and 9th week (First trimester - first three months of pregnancy)
32
Pituitary Gland resides in a pocket of the sphenoid, sella turcica. Sella turcia is also known as ___
Turkish Saddle
33
Sella turcica is part of skeletal system because it separates ___ and superior portion of pituitary in hypothalamus
dura mater
34
The diaphragm sella is penetrated by the ___ or pituitary stalk that connects the adenohypophysis to median eminence and hypothalamus
infundibulum
35
The anterior pituitary receives ___of its blood supply and many hypothalamic factors via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
80-90%
36
The hypothalamic response patterns are characterized by ___, ___, and ___
open-loop negative feedback mechanisms pulsatility cyclicity
37
They are subject to external modulation and generally influenced or modified by higher neural input or other GnRH hormones
Open-Loop
38
Example of Open-Loop
Hypothalamic-pituitary thyroidal axis
39
Difference of Negative Feedback and Positive Feedback. Give each an example.
• Negative Feedback→ Increase production of the substance and decrease the activity of that system E.g., TSH • Positive Feedback→ Increase production and increase activity E.g., oxytocin
40
Pulse frequency of secretion is generally regulated by neural modulation
PULSATILE
41
Secretion of the hormones that regulate gonadal function
PULSATILE
42
___ is a diurnal variation and the nervous system regulates this function through external signals, such as light-dark changes
CYCLIC
43
2 Examples of cyclic
ACTH TSH
44
CYCLIC: ___ (time giver) refers to the process of entraining or synchronizing these external cues into the function of internal biologic clocks
Zeitgeber
45
ACTH, the nadir (lowest) of secretion is between ___ and ___, and the peak occurs on awakening or around ___ to ___
11:00 pm and 3:00 am 6:00 to 9:00 am
46
HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES is also known as
HYPOPHYSIOTROPHIC
47
TRH (Thyrotropin-releasing hormone) Structure: Action:
3 amino acids Releases TSH and prolactin
48
GnRH (Gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone) Structure: Action:
10 AA Releases LH and FSH
49
CRH (Corticotropin-releasing hormone) Structure: Action:
41 AA Releases ACTH
50
GHRH (Growth-hormone-releasing hormone) Structure: Action:
44 AA Releases GH
51
Somatostatin Structure: Action:
14 and 28 AA Inhibits GH and TSH release (additional effects on gut and pancreatic function)
52
Dopamine (prolactin inhibitory factor) Structure: Action:
1 AA Inhibits prolactin release
53
ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES has two classifications:
Tropic Direct effector
54
Differentiate Tropic and direct effector of anterior pituitary hormone. Give also examples.
• Tropic – actions are specific for another endocrine gland - E.g., LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH • Direct effector – they act directly on peripheral tissues - E.g., Growth Hormone and Prolactin
55
6 Pituitary Hormones
LH FSH TSH ACTH GH Prolactin
56
LH - Luteinizing hormone FSH - Follicle stimulating hormone Target gland: Structure: Feedback Hormone:
Gonad Dimeric glycoprotein LH - Sex steroids (F2/T) FSH - Inhibin
57
TSH - Thyroidstimulating hormone Target gland: Structure: Feedback Hormone:
Thyroid Dimeric glycoprotein Thyroid hormones (T4/T3)
58
ACTH - Adrenocorticotropic hormone Target gland: Structure: Feedback Hormone:
Adrenal Single peptide derived from POMC Cortisol
59
Growth Hormone Target gland: Structure: Feedback Hormone:
Multiple Single peptide IGF-I
60
Prolactin Target gland: Structure: Feedback Hormone:
Breast Single peptide Unknown
61
Either to increase or decrease the hormone and it maintains balance
Feedback hormone
62
• ___ is responsible for MILK PRODUCTION • ___ is responsible for MILK EJECTION
Prolactin Oxytocin
63
___ is responsible for steroidogenesis
ACTH
64
Transcribe POMC
Proopiomelanocortin (Pro + Opio + Mel + Ano + Cortin)
65
Growth Hormone is aka
Somatotropin
66
A single peptide with two intramolecular disulfide bridges
Growth Hormone

3rd yr 2nd sem (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions