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IS LEC PRELIM > IS Overview of the Immune System > Flashcards

IS Overview of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism of immunity that is mediated by cells such as T-lymphocytes (T-cells) and natural killer cells

A

Cellular Immunity

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2
Q

cells attack and destroy infected or abnormal cells and is effective against intracellular pathogens (viruses)

A

Cellular Immunity

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3
Q

mechanism of immunity that is mediated by soluble molecules such as antibodies which are produced by B-lymphocytes (B-cells)

A

Humoral Immunity

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4
Q

neutralize or mark pathogens for destruction and is more effective against extracellular pathogens (bacteria)

A

Humoral Immunity

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5
Q

born with either inherited from parents or acquire in utero

A

Natural/Innate Immunity

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6
Q
  • acquired through exposure to pathogens
  • maternal antibodies transferred fetus via the placenta
  • long lasting immunity
A

Natural/Innate Immunity

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7
Q

2 types of acquired immunity

A

Active and Passive Immunity

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8
Q

develops after birth as a result of exposure to a pathogen vaccination or other means and it is developed over time

A

Acquired immunity

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9
Q

is exposed to a pathogen or vaccinated and his/her immune system recognizes the pathogen and produces antibodies and immune cells. so when the pathogen is met again the immune system will respond quickly

A

Active Immunity

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10
Q

provided to his/her through transfer of antibodies or immune cells from someone else

A

Passive Immunity

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11
Q

temporary and lasts only as long as transferred antibodies or cells remain viable

A

Passive Imunity

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12
Q

physical and chemical barriers that protect the body from pathogenic microorganisms entering the body

A

External Defense System

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13
Q

body uses to defend itself against pathogens that have entered the body by physical and chemical mechanisms such as fever inflammation and through WBCs

A

Internal Defense System

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14
Q

produced by antibodies in response to inflammation and is produced by hepatocytes

A

Acute Phase Reactants

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15
Q

reactants increase rapidly by ?% in response to inflammation and decreases rapidly once resolved

A

25%

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16
Q

defend the body against pathogens and abnormal cells including phagocytosis, cell mediated immunity and activity of NK cells

A

Cellular Defense Mechanism

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17
Q

4 main steps of phagocytosis?

A

Physical contact between white cell and foreign particles, Formation of phagosome, Fusion wt cytoplasmic granules to form phagolysosome, Digestion and release of cell debris

18
Q

discovered by fly drosophila

A

Toll Like Receptors (TLR)

19
Q

lipoprotein in mycobacteria

A

TLR1

20
Q

peptidoglycan in gram + bacteria

A

TLR2

21
Q

lipopolysaccharide in gram - bacteria

A

TLR3

22
Q

reaction of body to injury or invasion by an infectious agent

A

Inflammation

23
Q

major events associated with the process of inflammation?

A

Increased blood supply infected area, Increased capillary permeability caused by retraction of endothelial cells lining the vessels, Migration of WBC (neutrophils) from capillaries to surrounding tissue, Migration of macrophages to injured area

24
Q

what WBC increases during acute bacterial infection?

A

Neutrophil

25
Q

what WBC increases during parasitic invasion?

A

Eosinophil

26
Q

what WBC is involved during allergic reax?

A

Basophil

27
Q

helps produce IgE

A

Basophil

28
Q

cytoplasm of ? is heavily granulated which stains light purple and has a lot of lobes

A

Neutrophil

29
Q

bilobed, ellipsoidal, eccentric nucleus; large reddish-orange granules
scattered evenly in the cytoplasm

A

Eosinophil

30
Q

has course, densely staining deep-bluish purple granules that often obscure the nucleus

A

Basophil

31
Q

largest cell in the peripheral blood

A

Monocyte

32
Q

arise from monocytes

A

Macrophage

33
Q
  • inflammatory cells that resemble basophils but arise from different cell
    lineage
  • involved in allergic reactions
A

Mast cell

34
Q
  • cells that are covered with long, membranous extensions that resemble
    nerve dendrites
  • capture antigens through phagocytosis or endocytosis then presents it to T
    cells to initiate the specific immune response
A

Dendritic cell

35
Q

movement of phagocytes towards the source of chemoattractants

A

Chemotaxis

36
Q

movement of phagocytes from the circulating pool to the
peripheral tissues through the vessel walls

A

Diapedesis

37
Q

first line of defense against cells that are infected with viruses and
intracellular parasites, and tumor cells

A

Natural Killer cells

38
Q

glycoprotein with host-specific antiviral activity by inducing transcription of
genes coding for antiviral protein that selectively inhibits synthesis of viral
RNA and protein

A

Interferon

39
Q
  • Most important immune cell
  • Orchestrates the immune system
  • Will become immunocompromised without it
A

CD4+ T cell (Helper T cell)

40
Q

similar with Natural killer cell, but is more antigen-specific or requires
antigen presentation for activation

A

CD8+ T cell (Cytotoxic T cell)

41
Q

regulates immune response

A

Suppressor T Cell / T Regulatory Cell

42
Q

when activated, they become plasma cells which are responsible for
producing antibodies

A

B cell

IS LEC PRELIM (6 decks)

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