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IS LEC PRELIM > IS Antibodies > Flashcards

IS Antibodies Flashcards

1
Q

AKA as immunoglobulin or gamma globulin and produced in response to an immunogenic stimulation

A

Antibodies

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2
Q

who created the side chain theory?

A

Paul Ehrlich

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3
Q

what are the two aspects of side chain theory?

A

lock-and-key fit and cells with built in capacity

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4
Q

states that cells have a specific receptors for antigen that were present prior to antigen contact and when it is introduced it will select the proper receptor, the receptors would break off and enter the circulation as an antibody molecule and new receptors would form in place of those that are broken off what is it?

A

Side Chain Theory

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5
Q

who created the instructive theory?

A

Felix Haurowitz

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6
Q

states that antibody-generating cells can produce a generalized type of antibody and when interaction with antigen occurs, the antigen will serve as a template and alters protein configuration thus a new antibody with a specific fit is made what is it?

A

Instructive Theory

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7
Q

who formulated clonal selection theory

A

Niels Jerne and Macfarlane Burnett

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8
Q

states that the lymphocytes are genetically preprogrammed to generate a specific antibody

A

Clonal Selection Theory

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9
Q

who proposed that genes coding for the constant and variable Ig regions are separate?

A

Dreyer and Bennet

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10
Q

who discovered the genetic mechanism of antibody diversity

A

Susumu Tonegawa

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11
Q

what chromosome codes for heavy chains?

A

chromosome 14

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12
Q

what chromosome codes for kappa?

A

chromosome 2

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13
Q

what chromosome codes for lambda?

A

chromosome 22

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14
Q

A classic monomeric antibody consists of?

A

2 identical light and 2 identical heavy

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15
Q

light chain is covalently bonded to?

A

heavy chain by disulfide bonds

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16
Q

heavy chain is covalently bonded to?

A

each other by disulfide bonds

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17
Q

variable regions determines what?

A

specificity

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18
Q

unique amino acid sequence that is common to all Ig molecules

A

Isotype

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19
Q

minor variations in heavy chain sequences that are present in some individuals but not to others

A

Allotype

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20
Q

variable portion of each chain that are unique to a specific antibody molecule

A

Idiotype

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21
Q

recognition domain; combined VH and VL

A

Paratope

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22
Q

biological activity of the antibody

A

CH

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23
Q

it is yielded three fragments

A

Papain treatment

24
Q

what are the 3 fragments in papain treatment

A

2 Fab and 1 Fc

25
Q

Fab stands for?

A

fragment antigen binding

26
Q

Fc stands for?

A

fragment crystallizable

27
Q

it is yielded two fragments

A

Pepsin treatment

28
Q

what are the 2 fragments in pepsin treatment

A

F(ab’)2 and Fc’

29
Q

2 Fab units in a single structure?

A

F(ab’)2

30
Q

similar with Fc portion but is disintegrated to smaller pieces?

A

Fc’

31
Q

-primary immune response antibody
-is also known as macroglobulin
-has 10 functional binding sites

A

IgM

32
Q

half life of IgM

A

6 days

33
Q

IgM accounts for ? of total circulating Ig

A

5-10%

34
Q

functions of IgM

A

Complement fixation, Agglutination, Opsonization, Toxin neutralization, B cell receptor

35
Q

-predominant Ig in humans
-“immune” antibody
-longest half life of all Ig

A

IgG

36
Q

half life of IgG

A

23 days

37
Q

IgG approximately ? of total circulating Ig

A

70-75%

38
Q

functions of IgG

A

Provides immunity to the newborn, Opsonization, Complement fixation, Neutralization of viruses and toxins, Plays a significant role in HDFN, Participates in precipitation and agglutination reactions

39
Q

best in agglutination reaction?

A

IgM

40
Q

best in precipitation reaction?

A

IgG

41
Q

Both IgM and IgG can participate in agglutination reactions? T or F

A

T

42
Q

IgA approximately ? of total circulating Ig

A

10-15%

43
Q

is joined by j chain and has a secretory component?

A

IgA2

44
Q

-mostly found on naive B cells
-discovered from a multiple myeloma patient

A

IgD

45
Q

IgD ? total Ig

A

less than 0.001%

46
Q

-least abundant, most heat-labile
-cannot cross placenta and do not participate in usual Ig reactions
-causes degranulation and release of vasoactive amines
-involved in hypersensitivity and immune response against helminth infections

A

IgE

47
Q

IgE ? total serum Ig

A

less than 0.0005%

48
Q

who created monoclonal antibodies?

A

Cesar Milstein and Georges Kohler

49
Q

states that derived from a single parent antibody-producing cell that has been reproduced multiple times forming a clone what is it?

A

Monoclonal Antibodies

50
Q

targets HER-2 protein in breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

51
Q

targets CD20 of B cells in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other B cell malignancies

A

Rituximab (Rituxan)

52
Q

for colorectal cancer, and head and neck cancers

A

Cetuximab (Erbitux)

53
Q

for colorectal, non-small cell lung, and breast cancers

A

Bevacizumab (Avastin)

54
Q

MAb-drug conjugates for B cell malignancies.

A

Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) and Tositumomab (Bexxar)

55
Q

anti-inflammatory (for AID).

A

Infliximab and adalimumab (Humira)

IS LEC PRELIM (6 decks)

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