IS Antibodies

Question 1

AKA as immunoglobulin or gamma globulin and produced in response to an immunogenic stimulation

Answer 1

Antibodies

Question 2

who created the side chain theory?

Answer 2

Paul Ehrlich

Question 3

what are the two aspects of side chain theory?

Answer 3

lock-and-key fit and cells with built in capacity

Question 4

states that cells have a specific receptors for antigen that were present prior to antigen contact and when it is introduced it will select the proper receptor, the receptors would break off and enter the circulation as an antibody molecule and new receptors would form in place of those that are broken off what is it?

Answer 4

Side Chain Theory

Question 5

who created the instructive theory?

Answer 5

Felix Haurowitz

Question 6

states that antibody-generating cells can produce a generalized type of antibody and when interaction with antigen occurs, the antigen will serve as a template and alters protein configuration thus a new antibody with a specific fit is made what is it?

Answer 6

Instructive Theory

Question 7

who formulated clonal selection theory

Answer 7

Niels Jerne and Macfarlane Burnett

Question 8

states that the lymphocytes are genetically preprogrammed to generate a specific antibody

Answer 8

Clonal Selection Theory

Question 9

who proposed that genes coding for the constant and variable Ig regions are separate?

Answer 9

Dreyer and Bennet

Question 10

who discovered the genetic mechanism of antibody diversity

Answer 10

Susumu Tonegawa

Question 11

what chromosome codes for heavy chains?

Answer 11

chromosome 14

Question 12

what chromosome codes for kappa?

Answer 12

chromosome 2

Question 13

what chromosome codes for lambda?

Answer 13

chromosome 22

Question 14

A classic monomeric antibody consists of?

Answer 14

2 identical light and 2 identical heavy

Question 15

light chain is covalently bonded to?

Answer 15

heavy chain by disulfide bonds

Question 16

heavy chain is covalently bonded to?

Answer 16

each other by disulfide bonds

Question 17

variable regions determines what?

Answer 17

specificity

Question 18

unique amino acid sequence that is common to all Ig molecules

Answer 18

Isotype

Question 19

minor variations in heavy chain sequences that are present in some individuals but not to others

Answer 19

Allotype

Question 20

variable portion of each chain that are unique to a specific antibody molecule

Answer 20

Idiotype

Question 21

recognition domain; combined VH and VL

Answer 21

Paratope

Question 22

biological activity of the antibody

Answer 22

CH

Question 23

it is yielded three fragments

Answer 23

Papain treatment

Question 24

what are the 3 fragments in papain treatment

Answer 24

2 Fab and 1 Fc

Question 25

Fab stands for?

Answer 25

fragment antigen binding

Question 26

Fc stands for?

Answer 26

fragment crystallizable

Question 27

it is yielded two fragments

Answer 27

Pepsin treatment

Question 28

what are the 2 fragments in pepsin treatment

Answer 28

F(ab')2 and Fc'

Question 29

2 Fab units in a single structure?

Answer 29

F(ab')2

Question 30

similar with Fc portion but is disintegrated to smaller pieces?

Answer 30

Fc'

Question 31

-primary immune response antibody -is also known as macroglobulin -has 10 functional binding sites

Answer 31

IgM

Question 32

half life of IgM

Answer 32

6 days

Question 33

IgM accounts for ? of total circulating Ig

Answer 33

5-10%

Question 34

functions of IgM

Answer 34

Complement fixation, Agglutination, Opsonization, Toxin neutralization, B cell receptor

Question 35

-predominant Ig in humans -"immune" antibody -longest half life of all Ig

Answer 35

IgG

Question 36

half life of IgG

Answer 36

23 days

Question 37

IgG approximately ? of total circulating Ig

Answer 37

70-75%

Question 38

functions of IgG

Answer 38

Provides immunity to the newborn, Opsonization, Complement fixation, Neutralization of viruses and toxins, Plays a significant role in HDFN, Participates in precipitation and agglutination reactions

Question 39

best in agglutination reaction?

Answer 39

IgM

Question 40

best in precipitation reaction?

Answer 40

IgG

Question 41

Both IgM and IgG can participate in agglutination reactions? T or F

Answer 41

T

Question 42

IgA approximately ? of total circulating Ig

Answer 42

10-15%

Question 43

is joined by j chain and has a secretory component?

Answer 43

IgA2

Question 44

-mostly found on naive B cells -discovered from a multiple myeloma patient

Answer 44

IgD

Question 45

IgD ? total Ig

Answer 45

less than 0.001%

Question 46

-least abundant, most heat-labile -cannot cross placenta and do not participate in usual Ig reactions -causes degranulation and release of vasoactive amines -involved in hypersensitivity and immune response against helminth infections

Answer 46

IgE

Question 47

IgE ? total serum Ig

Answer 47

less than 0.0005%

Question 48

who created monoclonal antibodies?

Answer 48

Cesar Milstein and Georges Kohler

Question 49

states that derived from a single parent antibody-producing cell that has been reproduced multiple times forming a clone what is it?

Answer 49

Monoclonal Antibodies

Question 50

targets HER-2 protein in breast cancer

Answer 50

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)

Question 51

targets CD20 of B cells in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other B cell malignancies

Answer 51

Rituximab (Rituxan)

Question 52

for colorectal cancer, and head and neck cancers

Answer 52

Cetuximab (Erbitux)

Question 53

for colorectal, non-small cell lung, and breast cancers

Answer 53

Bevacizumab (Avastin)

Question 54

MAb-drug conjugates for B cell malignancies.

Answer 54

Ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) and Tositumomab (Bexxar)

Question 55

anti-inflammatory (for AID).

Answer 55

Infliximab and adalimumab (Humira)