Irvin Yalom

Question 1

Therapeutic Factors of Group Therapy

Answer 1

Instillation of hope
Universality
Altruism
Increased development of socialization skills
Imitative behaviors
Interpersonal learning
Group choesiveness
Catharsis
Existential Factors
Corrective refocusing

Question 2

Instillation of hope

Answer 2

Participants develop hope for creating a different life. Members are at different levels of growth; thus, they gain hope from others that change is possible

Question 3

Universality

Answer 3

Participants discover that others have similar problems, thoughts, or feelings and that they are not alone

Question 4

Altruism

Answer 4

This results from sharing oneself with another and helping another

Question 5

Increased development of socialization skills

Answer 5

New social skills are learned, and maladaptive social behaviors are corrected. The group can provide a “natural laboratory”

Question 6

Imitative behaviors:

Answer 6

Participants are able to increase their skills by imitating the behaviors of others

Question 7

Interpersonal learning:

Answer 7

Interacting with others increases adaptive interpersonal relationships

Question 8

Group cohesiveness

Answer 8

Participants develop an attraction to the group and other members as well as a sense of belonging

Question 9

Catharsis

Answer 9

Participants experience catharsis as they openly express their feelings, which were previously suppressed

Question 10

Existential factors

Answer 10

Groups enable participants to deal with the meaning of their own existence

Question 11

Corrective refocusing

Answer 11

Participants reexperience family conflicts in the group, which allows them to recognize and change behaviors that may be problematic

Question 12

Group phases

Answer 12

Pre-group
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjouring

Question 13

Pregroup phase

Answer 13

The leader considers the direction and framework of the group
Purpose, goals, membership criteria, membership size, pregroup interview, informed consent

Question 14

Forming

Answer 14

Members are concerned about self-disclosure and being rejected.
Goals and expectations are identified
Boundaries are established
Development of trust and rapport is very important

Question 15

Storming

Answer 15

Members are resistant and may begin to use testing behaviors.
Issues related to inclusion, control, and affection begin to surface.

Question 16

Norming

Answer 16

Resistance to the group is overcome by members.
A strong attraction to the group and others emerges.
Open and spontaneous communication occurs,
The group norms are established

Question 17

Performing

Answer 17

The group’s work becomes more focused.
Creative problem-solving and solutions begin to emerge.
Experiential learning takes place.
Group energy is directed toward completion of goals.

Question 18

Adjourning

Answer 18

Preparation is made to end the group. (Remember that the work of termination begins during the first stage of the group.)
Both members and leaders express their feelings about each other and termination.
A discussion and overview of what has been learned, as well as what issues still need to be worked on, takes place.