irrigation system 1

Question 1

1. field application
2. factors
3. Various irrigation systems depend on nature of source & location such as:

Answer 1

1. Procedures are used to deliver water to crops in field known as field application
2. soil type, crop, topography etc

3.gravity irrigation,
lift irrigation,
tank irrigation,
Surface irrigation

Question 2

1.Gravity/flow irrigation

Answer 2

1.Water is available at higher level to enable supply to the land by gravity

Water is supplied to the field through the canal off-taking from headwork.

Cheaper than lift irrigation

Classified - perennial irrigation & inundation

Question 3

1. Perennial irrigation system

2. Inundation irrigation

Answer 3

1Assures supply of water throughout the crop period to meet irrigation requirement of the crops to the command area either through diversion of supply made by means of headworks at the off-take point of the canal or storage of water done at the dam.

Either direct and indirect irrigation

2.Canal irrigation plays a vital role in agriculture.

In many places, during the rainy season, there is flood in the rivers. The flood water is carried to the field through canals.

They supply water only when there is flood in the rivers, and therefore, are of no use during the dry season when water is required most.

Question 4

1. Direct irrigation

2. Indirect irrigation (storage Irrigation)

Answer 4

Water is directly diverted from the river into the canal by construction of diversion weirs across the river without attempting to store water

Practice where the river has adequate perennial supply

To feed the canal system at all times of crop period

period by construction of a dam across the river for supply into the off-taking canal

Is adopted where the river is non-perennial /flow in the river is inadequate during lean period.

Has greater irrigation potential

Costly due to cost of construction of dam

Question 5

Bhandara irrigation

Answer 5

Small dams are constructed across a river to raise the water level to feed the off-takes

Pass downstream excess water over top of dam.

The supply downstream can be further arrested by constructing other dams in series.

The supply into the canal is regulated by a head regulator

Question 6

Tank irrigation

Answer 6

Is also storage irrigation

Tanks are small sized reservoirs formed by small earthen embarkments to store runoff for irrigation

Components - tank embankments, surplus escape weir & outlet sluice
Is also storage irrigation

Tanks are small sized reservoirs formed by small earthen embarkments to store runoff for irrigation

Components - tank embankments, surplus escape weir & outlet sluice

Question 7

Lift irrigation

Answer 7

Water is lifted from a river/canal to the bank to irrigate the lands which are not commanded by gravity flow.

Surface water may be lifted from a reservoir by installing pumps either on the ground or on floating barges. The water supply is ensured during all stages of river as location & level of the barges are adjustable.

Pump is used to lift the water from source at the lower level to higher level

The provision of standby pumps is essential
-To cater for immediate replacement of defective pump sets and to switch over to diesel set in power facilities

Question 8

Surface irrigation

Answer 8

Application of water to the field from a higher level at ground level.

Either flooded or direct into furrows

Two type- Uncontrolled & controlled flooding

Question 9

1. Uncontrolled flooding

2. Controlled flooding

Answer 9

1.Water is let into the field from a higher level and slowly it spreads all over
Depends on the existing slope of the land
Practice in area where the water is plenty and preparation of land is costly.
Drawback- greater loss of water, soil erosion, un-uniform wetting of the soil, deep percolation in some pockets and greater loss of nutrients

The fields are divided into plots by means of bunds and water is guided from the source through main and sub-channel and let into the field for uniform wetting of the soil

Includes furrow method, border irrigation, check basin and corrugation method

Question 10

Corrugation Irrigation

Answer 10

are miniature furrows adopted for irrigating close growing crops such as grain, forage and pasture crops.

Crops may be line sown or broadcast and corrugation may not bear any definite relation to crop row.

Border irrigation
Check basin irrigation