Iron Deficiency Anaemia Flashcards
What is the most common cause of anaemia in children?
IDA
What will the haemantinics of a patient with IDA look like?
Microcytic, hypochromic
What are the three main causes of IDA?
Poor intake Poor absorption Blood loss (Meckel's diverticulum)
How do breast milk, formula and cow’s milk compare as iron sources?
Breast milk has low levels but absorption is good and so it is a GOOD SOURCE
Formula milk is supplemented so it is a GOOD SOURCE
Cow’s milk is a POOR SOURCE
Once a child has been weaned what is the leading source of iron in their food?
Breakfast cereals - these are usually supplemented with iron
What are some common causes for a child with IDA?
Delay in wearing the child - rate of growth cannot be supported by milk alone
Diet insufficient in iron rich foods - this is usually the case in children who still consume a lot of Cow’s milk
Poor intake of fruit and veg - not only do some of these contain iron but absorption of iron is markedly increased when ingested with bit C (found in fruit and veg)
What are some good dietary sources of iron?
Red meats Oily fish Dark leafy vegetables (kale, broccoli, spinach) Pulses and beans Wholemeal products Fortified cereals Liver and kidney
What are some commonly seen clinical features of IDA?
Easy tiring and fatigue
Always ask about hx of blood loss
Pale - pallor of the palmar crease and of the tongue
Pica - inappropriate eating of foods (rubber, soil, sand)
What investigations should be done in IDA?
FBC (low MCV and MCH) and low Hb
Serum ferritin
How do you managed IDA?
How long should IDA be treated for?
For the vast majority it will be DIETARY ADVICE as well as possible supplementation with oral iron (SYTRON)
Should be treated until iron is within normal limits and then for 3 months after to replenish iron stores
