Iron

Question 1

How is iron transported in the body?

Answer 1

Transferrin

Question 2

Where does transferrin synthesis take place?

Answer 2

Liver

Question 3

Where are transferrin receptors?

Answer 3

In most tissues

Question 4

Where is ferritin stored?

Answer 4

Liver, spleen, bone marrow and muscle

Question 5

What is transferrin?

Answer 5

transport protein

Question 6

Describe 3 functions of transferrin?

Answer 6

Renders Iron soluble,
prevent Iron-mediated free radical toxicity and
facilitates transport into cells.

Question 7

Name 3 iron balance mechanisms

Answer 7

Continuously reutilisation of Fe from RBC.
Regulation of absorption in intestine hepcidin.
Ferretin iron piggybank (store and release).

Question 8

How much iron does the body contain

Answer 8

2 to 4 g

Question 9

Where is the site of haemoglobin syntheses?

Answer 9

Bone marrow

Question 10

How much Iron does the body absorb daily?

Answer 10

About 10% of dietary intake 1 mg

Question 11

What form does Iron take in aqueous solution?

Answer 11

Fe2+ is ferrous form and Fe3+ is ferric form. These are oxidation states.

Question 12

What is haemoglobin and it’s function

Answer 12

A molecule comprising of a protein and heam group its function to carry oxygen from lungs to tissue.

Question 13

What is Erythrocytes

Answer 13

Red blood cells

Question 14

What is myoglobin?

Answer 14

Iron containing oxygen storage protein in the muscles

Question 15

How is iron stored in the body?

Answer 15

Ferritin and haemosiderin

Question 16

Which form of iron is present in non harm foods?

Answer 16

Fe3+ (ferric form)

Question 17

How much iron is mandatory fortification of white and brown flour in UK?

Answer 17

> 16.5 mg iron/kg

Question 18

Which enzyme in the stomach and small intestine release haem from the globin?

Answer 18

Proteases

Question 19

Why is haemoglobin and myoglobin hydrolysed in stomach and small intestine ?

Answer 19

To allow absorption across the brush border.

Question 20

Which form of iron is absorbed?

Answer 20

Fe2+ (ferrous).

Question 21

What inhibits nonheme iron from absorption?

Answer 21

Certain fibres polyphenols and Phytic acid which irreversibly bind Iron in the gastric intestine lumen making it unavailable for absorption.

Question 22

How does vitamin C help the absorption of iron?

Answer 22

Prevents formation of insoluble and unabsorbable in compounds. Also, reduces ferric to ferrous iron.

Question 23

name 9 functions of iron

Answer 23

Haemoglobin and myoglobin
Electron transport ATP production
Amino acid metabolism
Niacin synthesis
Nitric oxide synthesis
Destruction of invading pathogens
Carbohydrate metabolism
Do you nice synthesis

Question 24

Name inadequate absorption iron deficiency

Answer 24

Poor bioavailability
Antacid therapy or high gastric pH
Excess dietary Bran, tannin, phytates or starch.
competition from other metals.
Bowel resection.
Coeliac disease.
Inflammatory bowel disease

Question 25

Name increased loss iron deficiency

Answer 25

Gastrointestinal blood loss:
Ulcers, IBD 
Genitourinary blood loss:
Menorrhagia cancer
Pulmonary blood loss:
Pulmonary harmonise roses, infection
Other blood loss:
Trauma

Question 26

What are the symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia?

Answer 26

Impairs oxygen capacity of the blood.
Symptoms include Pala listlessness impaired performance in cognitive tasks.
Work and productivity in adults is impaired.
Associate with dark stalls, nausea and stomach pain

Question 27

What is the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia.

Answer 27

Oral iron supplements of 120 mg per day.

Question 28

What does hepcidin bind to that results in internalisation and degradation of both hepcidin and what it binds to.

Answer 28

Ferry port in / ferroportin

Question 29

What is the consequence of loss of Ferroportin from cell membranes?

Answer 29

Iron cannot be transported out of the Enterocyte and macrophages and therefore cannot be used by other tissues

Question 30

What are the two causes of iron deficiency?

Answer 30

Inadequate absorption problems

I am lost from body ie blood loss.