Iron Flashcards

1
Q

How much of consumed iron is absorbed?

A

Very low amounts ~10%

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2
Q

How is non-heme iron absorbed?

What is non-heme iron absorbed as?

A

By facilitated diffusion

ferrous ions

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3
Q

How is heme iron absorbed?

A

Vesicle formation

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4
Q

What is removed form heme iron in vesicle formation?

A

ferrous ions

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5
Q

Heme and Non-heme iron form what to be ferried across the cell and into the blood, via active transport

A

Ferritin Complexes

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6
Q

What is Non-heme absorption controlled by?

A

Intestinal Mucosa cells

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7
Q

How do intestinal mucosa cells control the absorption of non-heme iron?

A

By controlling the amount of iron released in teh blood stream – this is done according to the bodies needs

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8
Q

What influences intestinal mucosa absorption of non-heme iron?

A

Bodys needs

Hepcidin

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9
Q

Hepcidin?

Hepcidin production is based on?

The effect of Hepcidin is?

A

nonheme iron regulatory control hormone

produced in the liver based on iron levels and inflammation

Decreased iron absorption

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10
Q

When is the iron absorption downregulated?

A

When the concentration the body is high

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11
Q

When is iron absorption in the body unregulated?

A

When the concentration in the body is low

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12
Q

High body iron concentration is known as

A

Transferrin Saturation

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13
Q

The average absorption rate for iron is about

A

10%

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14
Q

Absorption of heme iron is effected by dietary components? T/F

A

F – heme iron is uneffected by dietary components.

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15
Q

absorption of non-heme iron is enhanced by:

A

Vitamin C
MFP factor (meat pep)
Lactoferrin (breat milk)
Gastric Acid

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16
Q

Non-heme iron absorption is inhibited by:

A
Phylates
Oxalates
Polyphenols 
-- REd wine
--Tea
--Coffee
17
Q

How is iron transported?

A

Bound to transferrin

18
Q

Most iron absorption occurs in the:

A

Duodenum/Jejunum

19
Q

Iron is stored as:

A

ferritin/hemosiderin

20
Q

Iron is stored as:

Where is iron stored?

A

Ferritin/Hemosiderin

In the liver and bone marrow (some in the spleen & muscles)

21
Q

How is iron lost (excreted)?

A
  • -bleeding/menstruation

- -bile,urine,sweat,fece (1mg/day)

22
Q

The functions of iron are:

A
Transport/Storage of Oxygen (Hemoglobin/Myoglobin)
Energy Metabolism (Cytochromes)
Oxidant production (Immune)
Function/Synthesis of Nuerotransmitters
DNA synthesis
23
Q

Primary Sources of Iron:

A
Liver
Beef
Chicken
Tuna
Egg
Whole Wheat
24
Q

Iron toxicity is known as?

A

Hemachromatosis

25
Q

Hemachromatosis is..

A

Excessive iron absorption…

Primary: genetic

Secondary: Hemolytic Anemia due to lacking NADPH so that glutathione cannot be reduced, therefore the cell wall of the RBC is not well protected againts ROS, leading to lysis.

26
Q

S&S of Iron toxicity (Hemachromatosis):

A
Fatigue
Apathy
Increased Risk of Infection
Hepatic
Pancreatic
Cardiac
Other Organ damage
27
Q

Treatment for Iron toxicity (Hemachromatosis):

A

Phlebotomy/Chelating Agents on a Regular Basis
Do not exceed RDA of rionr
avoid fortified foods, vitamin C and supplements

28
Q

Prevalence of Iron Deficiency

A

Most common in the world

29
Q

Cause of Iron Deficiency

A

Blood Loss
Medical Condition
Iron-Poor Diets

30
Q

Patients @ High Risk for Iron Deficiency

A

Menstruating Women
Pregnant Women
Malabsorption
Inadequate Intake

31
Q

Treatment for Iron Deficiency

A

Supplements/Iron Rich Diet