Calcium

Question 1

Where is calcium absorbed most rapidly?

Answer 1

duodenum

Question 2

How is calcium transported?

Answer 2

Active Transport (Vitamin D dependent) fro lower calcium intake

Passive Transport for a higher intake of calcium

Question 3

Where is calcium stored

Answer 3

Bones/Teeth

Question 4

How is calcium excreted?

Answer 4

Urine

Question 5

What increases calcium excretion?

Answer 5

Parathyroid hormone

Question 6

What does parathyroid hormone do?

Answer 6

Increase resorption of calcium from the urine within the kidneys

Question 7

Functions of Calcium:

Answer 7

Building bones/teeth
Cofactor for intracellular/extracellular enzymes
nerve transmission
muscle contration
blood clotting

Question 8

Food sources for Calcium

Answer 8

Milk
Yogurt
Cheese
Spinach (except spinach has a high oxolate concentration so you only absorb calcium at half the rate)
calcium-fortified orange juice

Question 9

Calcium toxicity is called –>

Answer 9

Hypercalcemia

Question 10

Hypercalcemia is often caused by

Answer 10

hyperparathyroidism –> increaed vitamin D and excessive supplements

Question 11

Hypercalcemia/Hyperparathyroidism leads to

Answer 11

Increased plasma calcium concentrations
Interfere with zinc/iron absorption
calcification of soft tissues

Question 12

Calcium deficiency is referred to as…

Answer 12

Osetoporosis

Question 13

Osteoporosis can be caused by

Answer 13

chronically low intake of calcium/vitamin D

Question 14

Contributing factors of Osteoporosis are

Answer 14

Age
Gender
DEcreaed BMI
race
esterogen/testosterome def
sedentary lifestyle

Question 15

Recommended calcium intake

Answer 15

The increase to 1300 mg/day (@ around 10 y.o.) is apparently due to growth throughout puberty and menstruation.

Recommended calcium, although decreased after puberty years, is still increased compared to before because of menstruation.

Later in life calcium levels are once again jacked up to counteract/prevent osteoporosis.