ireland 86-14

Question 1

ireland under salisbury

Answer 1

aims: kill home rule with kindness, use coercion, appoint Balfour as chief irish secretary
-land: passes Ashbourne Land act 1885: a loan given to peasants to buy up their land, 1890s over £33m given, 1887: 1881 land act extended to further review rents
-1890s: further fear of potato famine due to blight, Balfour organised relief to avoid p. famine
-problems: plan of campaign set up by Dillon to encourage bargaining for rents, 1887 crimes act, could detain tenants on suspicion of agrarian crimes, Blunt (poet in prison)

Question 2

1912-1914

Answer 2

recap: land purchase acts, Wyndham land act 1903: lords given £12m to encourage selling and, early 20th century: rise of nationalism and unionism
-revival of irish culture: Gael athletic association, gale league (Gaelic lit), Sinn Fein
-third home rule bill: Redmond in support as ulster was to be part of self-governing land, conservatives and unionists opposed, Ulstremen feared Rome rule and businessmen feared irish parliament influenced by farmers
-civil war? 1912, 450k Ulstermen signed solemn league and covenant, UVF set up in 1913 and imported 14k German rifles in April 1914, Irish volunteers set up in November 1913 but british naval ships intercepted
-negotiations over home rule bill: bill passed in commons but delayed inlords, Asquith considered leaving Ulster out of bill but Redmond hostile, Curragh mutiny 1914: ulster forces mutinies did not want to fight unionist soldiers, mutiny meant political compromise only option
-opt out: Asquith proposed opt-out system where ulster could be exempt from home rule for 6 years, both irish party and Carson not happy
-buckigham palace conference: generally agreed that the four most protestant counties of Ulster could be excluded no agreement over tyrone