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Topics > IRAT 3 > Flashcards

IRAT 3 Flashcards

1
Q

movement of water across membrane in response to a solute concentration gradient

A

osmosis

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2
Q

characteristics of a solute

A

-nonpenetrating
-osmotically active
these 2 things guarantee osmosis will occur

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3
Q

osmotically active

A

solute can draw water - make it move

- molecule has charge/residues

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4
Q

osmolarity

A

g/v unit of concentration of solute

- concentration of osmotically active ions

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5
Q

is osmolarity static or no?

A

yes

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6
Q

tonicity

A

fluid thing, water is moving or moved or is about to move

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7
Q

iso-osmotic

A

have same number of particles

same osmolarity

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8
Q

what can you conclude from 2 fluid bags from different countries but both 360 mOsm/L

A

iso-osmotic

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9
Q

what can you conclude from 2 fluid bags - one is 300mOsm/L and another 360mOsm/L

A

the 300mOsm/L is hyposmotic to the 360 and the 360 is hyperosmotic to the 300

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10
Q

normal human cells have an osmolarity of…

A

300

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11
Q

osmolarity of 5% Dextrose

A

260 mOsm/L

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12
Q

osmolarity of 0.9% NaCl

A

300mOsm/L

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13
Q

osmolarity of 10% Dextrose

A

520mOsm/L

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14
Q

osmolarity D5NS

A

560 mOsm/L

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15
Q

total body water is a ratio of what

A

ICF to ECF

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16
Q

2/3 TBW =

A

ICF

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17
Q

1/3 TBW

A

ECF

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18
Q

ICF

A

cations K+ and Mg2+

anions = proteins and organic phosphates

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19
Q

ECF

A

interstitial fluid and plasma
major cation = Na+
major anions = HCO3 and Cl

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20
Q

plasma of ECF

A

25% ECF
albumin and globulins
lots of proteins
interstitial fluid localized to blood

21
Q

interstitial fluid of ECF

A

75% ECF
lower proteins than ICF
fluid between cells - all cells in body

22
Q

isotonic volume expansion

A

consumption of large volume of isotonic solution

ex: sugar free gatorade excess consumption - taking it into body and not isotonic blood volume increases

23
Q

isosmotic volume contraction

A

diarrhea
loss of isotonic fluid
losing liquid and not replacing it

24
Q

hyperosmotic expansion

A

excessive NaCl intake
osmolarity of ECF inc and ICF dec
ex: eating wings at a bar

25
Q

hyperosmotic volume contraction

A

dehydration
osmolarity of ECF inc and ICF dec
ex: person in desert with no water- just losing fluids but also sweating a lot

26
Q

changes in ECF volume affect

A

effective circulating volume (blood flow/blood volume)

27
Q

why do we give IV solutions

A

quickly expand IVV (intravascular volume)

correct or compensate for fluid, electrolyte, acid-base imbalance (direct or indirect)

28
Q

isotonic saline infusion

A

normal saline = 0.9%, 300mOsm/L

higher ECF and similar ICF

29
Q

5% Dextrose infusion 260mOsm

A

hyposmotic
ECF volume expansion
inc ICF
ineffective means of inc ECF bc sugar draws water away

30
Q

5% NaCl

A

hyperosmotic
inc ECF osmolality
dec ICF volume
1500 mOsm - can damage blood vessels, only given this in really bad shape

31
Q

charged particles in solution NOT proteins or large particles
ex: K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl- dissolved in water

A

electrolytes

32
Q

colloids

A

large charged particles in solution
-colloidal suspensions used in fluid replacement therapy
-large molecular weights
in water, must have CHARGE associated with them

33
Q

Albumin

A 
#1 largest molecular weight compound in blood (plasma)
the majority function of all large MW things in blood
plasma = 85% water, the rest is albumin mostly
34
Q

what 2 forces in the body make fluids move from inside capillary to outside or otside capillary to inside?

A

hydrostatic pressure

osmotic pressure

35
Q

what happens at capillaries and what is their structure?

A

gas exchange, nutrients vs waste, heat exchange, hormones
action in tissues happens here
simple squamous epithelium (single layer cells)
increased surface area

36
Q

what is the hydrostatic force in tissue

A

interstitial fluid

37
Q

hydrostatic P in capillaries is a reflection of what?

A

blood pressure

38
Q

Pint

A

interstitial hydrostatic pressure outside the bloodstream

P bc fluid in interstitial space and there is a layer protecting it (skin)

39
Q

sum total of all osmotic particles in the interstitial fluid

A

interstitial osmotic volume

aka oncotic

40
Q

oncotic

A

represents the magnitude of P associated with presence of proteins (large MW proteins)- colloids
proteins are doing the osmosis

41
Q

what 2 forces are outside the blodstream

A

Pint and oncotic

42
Q

(pi)int

A

osmotic P due to the presence of proteins

43
Q

what is an osmotic force?

A

draws water from capillaries out into interstitium bc charged particles can draw water

44
Q

hydrostatic P favors fluid exit or entry from capillaries?

A

favors the entry of fluid into capillaries

force pushing down on capillary

45
Q

(pi)cap

A

oncotic P in capillary

draws fluid into capillary

46
Q

what is the #1 contributer to (pi)cap?

A

albumin!!! - made in the liver

47
Q

Pcap

A

hydrostatic P in capillary

force goes in to out

48
Q

is there smooth muscle in capillaries? why or why not?

A

NO

it is simple squamous epithelium (one layer of cells)

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