IR WEEK 4

Question 1

are bound via noncovalent interactive with other membrane proteins

Answer 1

Peripheral membrane proteins

Question 2

held in the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer and cannot be released easily

Answer 2

transmembrane proteins

Question 3

illustrate the number of amino acids of a transmembrane protein located within a cell membranes lipid bilayer (~20-30); also how many membrane spanning domains there are

Answer 3

hydropathy plots

Question 4

spectrin mutation, produces RBCs that have unusual cell membrane properties… inflexible, destroyed quickly leads to anemia

Answer 4

hereditary spherocytosis

Question 5

measures the rate at which the carrier can flip its conformation. it is specific for each transport protein and is reflected by km

Answer 5

vMAX

Question 6

transport of one solute to transport of another

Answer 6

coupled transport

Question 7

co transporters that involve simultaneous transfer of a second solute in the same direction of the first solute

Answer 7

symporters

Question 8

list the two types of coupled transport

Answer 8

symport and antiport

Question 9

exchangers that move one substance in and another out; function is to maintain cellular pH

Answer 9

antiporters

Question 10

most diseases are the result of cell communication breakdown: signals are lost

Answer 10

diabetes type 1
loss of immune protection

Question 11

most diseases are the result of cell communication breakdown: cell signals do not reach target

Answer 11

multiple sclerosis

Question 12

most diseases are the result of cell communication breakdown; target cell does not respond

Answer 12

diabetes type 2

Question 13

most diseases are the result of cell communication breakdown; too much signal

Answer 13

stroke with release of glutamate in the brain

Question 14

a motor protein that slides along actin polymers for muscle contraction using ATP hydrolysis

Answer 14

myosin

Question 15

growth to shrinkage

Answer 15

catastrophe

Question 16

shrinkage to growth

Answer 16

rescue

Question 17

paralyzed cilia so chronic lung disease due to sufficient movement of cilia from defect in dynein arms; mutations on two genes DNAI1 and DNAH5 on chromosome 9, both of which encode for proteins found in the ciliary outer dynein arm lead to this syndrome

Answer 17

kartagener syndrome

Question 18

genetic defect in keratins; skin ruptures or blisters with any mechanical stress

Answer 18

epidermyolysis bullosa

Question 19

contact with an adhesion protein in the substrate

Answer 19

contact-mediated attraction/ repulsion

Question 20

attraction to an emitted chemical cue

Answer 20

chemoattraction/chemorepulsion

Question 21

neural tube closure requires numerous cellular events based on cell migration

Answer 21

spina bifida

Question 22

sertoli cells have altered cytoskeleton and lack androgen receptors on nucleus; alterations in these cells cytoskeleton during development produce infertility

Answer 22

kennedy disease

Question 23

protein enzymes that add phosphates to various proteins involved in cell cycling

Answer 23

cyclin dependent kinases

Question 24

a ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes the destruction of major proteins; securin (protects protein links between sister chromatids and unleashes anaphase) and S- and M-cyclins

Answer 24

APC/C

Question 25

cyclin D

Answer 25

G1 Cyclin

Question 26

Cyclin E

Answer 26

G1/S Cyclin

Question 27

Cyclin A

Answer 27

S cyclin

Question 28

Cyclin B

Answer 28

M Cyclin

Question 29

a ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes the destruction of major proteinsn

Answer 29

Cyclosome APC/C

Question 30

microtubule organizing center that has centrioles and nucleation sites; important during mitosis

Answer 30

centrosome.