IQ3/4/5/ Module 5 Flashcards
What are polypeptides made of?
Many amino acids (there are 20 types of amino acids)
Why is each polypeptide unique?
Because of the sequence of amino acids in the chain
What does DNA code for in the context of polypeptides?
The sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide
What do polypeptides fold into?
Proteins
List three functions of proteins.
- Enzymes
- Hormones
- Structural proteins
What is the process of converting DNA to polypeptides called?
Polypeptide Synthesis
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus
What does RNA polymerase do during transcription?
Brings in nucleotides to produce another strand of RNA
What is formed as a result of transcription?
mRNA
What structure does mRNA travel to after leaving the nucleus?
Ribosome
What is the role of tRNA in translation?
Matches with mRNA codons and brings along the amino acids
What are codons?
Three nucleotides on the mRNA
What are the four levels of protein structure?
- Primary: Polypeptide chain
- Secondary: Pleated sheet or alpha helix
- Tertiary: Folds in on itself
- Quaternary: Joins with other polypeptide chains
What is gene expression?
When the end product of a gene has been made by the cell
What is the main function of RNA?
To carry the genetic information from DNA
What are the three types of RNA?
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
What does mRNA do?
Forms long strands and carries the genetic code
What does tRNA carry?
Amino acids attached to three bases (anticodons)
What is the role of rRNA?
Forms a structural part of ribosomes
What happens to introns during mRNA editing?
They are removed
What is pre-mRNA?
Contains introns and exons before editing
Fill in the blank: DNA → polypeptide synthesis → transcription → _______ → polypeptide fold → proteins.
translation
True or False: Proteins can only fold into one specific shape.
False
