IQ2: Preventable Illnesses Flashcards
The nature of CVD
Broad term used to characters a range of blood vessel and heart diseases
Major causes of CVD - Atherosclerosis
Caused by the buildup of fat and cholesterol - plaque formation on the interior walls of blood vessels - reduces/blocks blood supply
Major causes of CVD - arteriosclerosis
Walls of blood vessels harden and thicken - lose elasticity, resulting from atherosclerosis and the calcification of BV walls.
Types of CVD
- coronary heart disease
- cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
- PVD
Extent of CVD
- mortality is decreasing
- morbidity increases with age
Risk factors of CVD
Non-modifiable:
- age and gender
- ethnicity
- family history
Modifiable:
- smoking
- obesity
- high cholesterols levels
Protective factors
- following the physical activity guidelines by being physically active for at least 60 mins everyday.
- maintaining health
- managing stress
- abstaining from alcohol or following safe consumption
Determinants of CVD
Sociocultural - family, peers, media
Socioeconomic - education, employment, income
Environmental
Groups at most risk for CVD
- ATSI
- Rural and remote
- socioeconomically disadvantaged
- elderly
- overweight and obese
Nature of cancer
- the controllable growth and spread of abnormal cells
Cause:
- lifestyle + exposure to carcinogens
Risk factors of cancer
Lung cancer:
- Tobacco smoking
- occupational exposure to cancer-causing agents
- air pollution
Breast cancer:
- a family history or personal history of the disease
- a hig-fat diet
- late menopause
- obesity
Skin cancer:
- fair skin that burns rather than tans
- a high number of hours of bright sunlight at place of residence
- the number of type of moles on the skin
Protective factors of cancer
Lung cancer:
- avoid exposure to tobacco smoke
- avoid exposure to hazardous materials such as asbestos
Breast cancer:
- consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables, and low in fat.
- practise self-examination
Skin cancer:
- avoid sunlight
- reduce exposure to the sun by wearing a hat, sunscreen, protective clothing and sunglasses
Determinants of cancer
Sociocultural - family, peers, culturae
Socioeconomic - education, employment, income
Environmental
Groups at risk for cancer
Lung cancer:
- cigarettes smokers
- people exposes to environmental hazards
- men and women aged over 50 years
Breast cancer:
- women who have never given birth
- obese women
- older women
Skin cancer:
- people with fair skin
- people in outdoor occupations
