IQ Flashcards
Boring’s definition of intellegence
intelligence is whatever intelligence tests measure
- doesn’t ask what makes some people smarter than others?
Galton’s IQ theory
he believed that intelligence was a byproduct of sensory capacity and that the more you could sense the more knowledge you could obtain.
- not actually true, sensory was weakly related to iq
Binet and Simon
- designed first intelligence test in 1905
- focused on higher reasoning and ability to understand theoretical concepts (abstract thinking)
abstract thinking
Intelligence is the ability to understand theoretical/hypothetical concepts
General Intelligence
- spearman
- accounts for overall differences in intellect
- people with effective, powerful brains
specific intelligence
particular intelligence in a specific domain
- intelligence is made up of both g and s
fluid intelligence
capacity to learn new was of solving problems
- cattell and horn
crystallized intelligence
- accumulated knowledge of the world over time
- used to answer factual questions
- cattel and horn say iq is a mix of fluid and crystallized
Multiple intelligences
- different domains of being smart
- gardner
8 intelligence types
- linguistic
- logico-math
- spatial
- musical
- bodily-kinesthetic
- intrapersonal
- interpersonal
- naturalistic
limitations to gardners multiple intelligences
- hard to falsify
- not certain which things count and which dont
- no evidence that these intelligences are independent
frames of mind
ways of thinking of the world
triarchic model
- robert Sternberg
- 3 distinct types of IQ: analytical, practical, creative
analytical intelligence
the ability to think logically (book smarts)
practical intelligence
ability to solve real world problems, especially involving other people (street smarts)
creative intelligence
ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions
brain and intelligence
- brain size is weakly correlated to intelligence
- cerebral cortex development is slower in gifted children
- higher intelligence shows less brain activity (more efficient brain)
prefrontal cortex and intelligence
its especially active during highly g-loaded tasks
intelligence and reaction time
- negatively correlated
- smarter people have lower reaction times
- intelligence is related to speed of info processing
metacognition
- knowledge of our own knowledge
- dumber people tend to think they are smarter
stanford-binet test
intelligence test based on comparing performance to population norms (1916)
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
- stern 1912
- = divide mental age by chronological age and multiply by 100
- compare iq at what its supposed to be for a certain age
Limitations to IQ test by Stern
- iq peaks at around 16
- modern tests fix this by using deviation IQ
Wechsler Adult intelligence scale (WAIS)
- iq test for adults which included overall iq, verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed
genetic influences on IQ
- Iq runs in families
- environment deprivation can override but genetics still play a role
environmental influences on intelligence
- children from larger families have slightly lower iqs
- later born children tend to have lower iqs
- amount of schooling has an effect
- early interventions have short term increases in IQ
- decrease in iq over time while living in poor environments because of lack of nutrition and exposure to lead
does how we think effect iq
- people who believe intelligence is fixed have take fewer academic risks
flynn effect
average increase in iq of 3 points per decade.
- could be cause of environmental influences like increased test sophistication, increased complexity of the world, better nutrition, changes in home and school
sex differences
- no big difference between iq of men and women
- females do better at verbal tasks and emotion
- males do better on spatial test like mental rotation and geography
