emotion and motivation

Question 1

emotions

Answer 1

motivated state marked by physiological arousal, expressive behaviour, and mental experience

Question 2

discrete emotions theory

Answer 2

humans experience a small number of distinct emotions, even if they combine in complex ways
- all humans have them even if they are expressed differently

Question 3

primary emotions

Answer 3

small number of emotions that are thought to be universal
1. happiness
2. disgust
3. sadness
4. fear
5. surprise
6. contempt
7. anger

Question 4

secondary emotions

Answer 4

seem to be cross-culturally universal and are made up of primary
ex: alarm, hatred, schadenfreude

Question 5

display rules

Answer 5

how and when to express emotions
- differs in cultures
- does not influence emotions itself but its overt expression (ex; boys dont cry)

Question 6

facial expression

Answer 6

primary emotions might be associated with distinct facial expressions
- can help distinguish real and fake emotion

Question 7

physiology and emotion

Answer 7

primary emotions may be distinguished by physiological elements such as heart rate increasing with neg emotions, digestive system slowing down when scared

Question 8

duchenne

Answer 8

real, involuntary emotion

Question 9

pan Am

Answer 9

fake, voluntary emotions

Question 10

cognitive theories on emotions

Answer 10

• emotions are products of thinking, not the other way around

Question 11

james lange theory

Answer 11

emotions result from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli

Question 12

cannon-bard theory

Answer 12

emotion provoking events lead to simultaneous emotional and bodily reactions

Question 13

somatic marker theory

Answer 13

• domasio
• we use our gut reactions to inform our actions

Question 14

two factor theory

Answer 14

emotions are produced by an undifferentiated arousal (alertness) with and attribution (explanation) of that arousal

Question 15

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 15

• feedback from facial expressions can influence emotions possibly through feedback directly to the brain or as a result of classical conditioning
• facial expressions influence your expression

Question 16

nonverbal leakage

Answer 16

unconscious spillover into nonverbal behaviour
- posture, hand gestures, movements will convey something about our state of mind. this even lets us understand texts
- rolling eyes can say u are bored or angry
- powerful cues of emotion we are trying to suppress

Question 17

proxemics

Answer 17

study of personal space
- 4 levels of distance
1. public (12 feet or more)
2. social (4-12)
3. personal (1.5-4)
4. intimate (0-1.5)
- differences in sexes and cultures

Question 18

gesture and body language

Answer 18

posture and gestures can communicate emotions in unconscious ways
- emblems

Question 19

emblems

Answer 19

culture specific gestures
- ok sign, wave, thumbs up

Question 20

affective forecasting

Answer 20

predict our future emotional states but are not great at it

Question 21

durability bias

Answer 21

beleiving that our good or bad moods will last longer than they do

Question 22

hedonic treadmill

Answer 22

our moods tend to adapt to external circumstances

Question 23

broaden and build theory

Answer 23

happiness predisposes us to think more openly allowing us to see the big picture
- if were happy and say yes to things we get more opportunities (being optimistic makes u happy)

Question 24

drives and wants and needs that prope; us in specific directions
- most powerful motivations are food and sex

Question 25

psychological homeostasis

Answer 25

equilibrium

Question 26

rive reduction theory

Answer 26

certain drives like hunger, thirst and sexual frustration motivate us to act in ways that to minimize aversive states
- trying to maintain homeostasis