IPv4 Addressing Flashcards
What are the possible first octet values of a Class A network?
1-127
What is the Default Subnet Mask of a Class A network?
255.0.0.0
How many possible hosts can there be on a Class A network?
16.7 million
What is the CIDR Notation for a Class A network?
/8
What are the possible first octet values of a Class B network?
128-191
What is the Default Subnet Mask of a Class B network?
255.255.0.0
How many possible hosts can there be on a Class B network?
65,536
What is the CIDR Notation for a Class B network?
/16
What are the possible first octet values of a Class C network?
192-223
What is the Default Subnet Mask of a Class C network?
255.255.255.0
How many possible hosts can there be on a Class C network?
256
What is the CIDR Notation for a Class C network?
/24
What are the possible first octet values of a Class D network?
224-239
What are the possible first octet values of a Class E network?
240-255
How many possible hosts can there be on a Class E network?
268 million, which are all reserved for experimental purposes
Multicast Address
Logical identifier for a group of hosts in a computer network (like a group chat)
Classful Mask
Default subnet mask for a given class of IP addresses
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Allows for the borrowing of some of the host bits and reassigning them to the network portion of the subnet mask
Subnetting
Allows for the use of a classless subnet mask to create smaller networks with fewer hosts in each network
Process is called CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) Notation
ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Globally manages and leases publicly routable IP addresses
ARIN
North America IP addresses
LACNIC
Latin America IP addresses
AFNIC
Africa IP addresses
APNIC
Asia Pacific IP addresses
RIPE
Europe IP addresses
NAT
Network Address Translation
Allows for routing of private IPs through a public IP
RFC 1918
Used to document how organizations could conduct address allocation for private internets (intranet)
What is the IP range for a Private Class A network?
10.x.x.x
How many possible hosts can a Private Class A Network have?
16.7 million
What is the IP range for a Private Class B Network?
172.16.x.x - 172.31.x.x
How many possible hosts can a Private Class B Network have?
1.05 million
What is the IP range for a Private Class C Network?
192.168.x.x
How many possible hosts can a Private Class C Network have?
65,536
Loopback Address
127.0.0.1
Creates a loopback to the host and is often used in troubleshooting and testing network protocols on a system. Also called localhost
“There’s no place like 127.0.0.1”
APIPA
Automatic Private IP Addresses
Used when a device does not have a static IP address or cannot reach a DHCP server
169.254.x.x
Virtual IP Address
IP address that does not correlated to an actual physical network interface
Usually used for NAT, fault tolerance, virtualization
Routers often use VIP to provide redundancy in their connectivity options
Subinterfaces
Virtual interface that is created by dividing up one physical interface into multiple logical interfaces
Unicast
Data travels from a single source to a single destination
Broadcast
Data travels from a single source device to ALL devices on a destination network
Multicast
Data travels from a single source to multiple (but specific) destination devices
Static IP Assignment
Manually typing in IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server
Time consuming, prone to error, impractical on large enterprise networks
Dynamic IP Assignment
Dynamic allocation of IP addresses
DNS
Domain Name System
Converts domain names used by a website to the IP address of its server
Windows Internet Name Service (WINS)
Identifies NetBIOS systems on a TCP/IP network and converts those NetBIOS names to IP addresses
Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP)
Dynamically assigns IP addresses and allows a workstation to load a copy of their boot image over the network
Oldest method of dynamic assignment, least used
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Assigns an IP based on an assignable scope or pool of addresses and provides the ability to configure numerous other options within it
IPs leased for a period of time and returns to the pool when lease expires
How many subnets are in a /24 network? How many IPs?
1 subnet
256 IPs
How many subnets are in a /25 network? How many IPs?
2 subnets
128 IPs
How many subnets are in a /26 network? How many IPs?
4 subnets
64 IPs
How many subnets are in a /27 network? How many IPs?
8 subnets
32 IPs
How many subnets are in a /28 network? How many IPs?
16 subnets
16 IPs
How many subnets are in a /29 network? How many IPs?
32 subnets
8 IPs
How many subnets are in a /30 network? How many IPs?
64 subnets
4 IPs
