ipratropium Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of ipratropium?
Ipratropium is a short-acting anticholinergic (muscarinic antagonist) that blocks acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors in the airways, leading to bronchodilation and reduced mucus secretion.
What are the primary indications for ipratropium?
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma (as an adjunctive therapy).
What are the common adverse effects of ipratropium?
Dry mouth, throat irritation, and rare systemic anticholinergic effects like urinary retention and blurred vision.
What rare adverse effect is associated with ipratropium?
Angioedema, though it is very uncommon.
In which conditions should ipratropium be used cautiously?
Narrow-angle glaucoma, bladder outlet obstruction, and prostatic hypertrophy (due to potential anticholinergic effects).
Which drugs may have additive effects when used with ipratropium?
Other anticholinergic drugs, such as tiotropium, may increase anticholinergic side effects.
Why is ipratropium preferred over beta-agonists in some COPD patients?
It has minimal systemic effects and is effective at reducing mucus hypersecretion and improving airflow in COPD.
What is a distinguishing feature of ipratropium compared to tiotropium?
Ipratropium is short-acting and requires frequent dosing, while tiotropium is long-acting and requires once-daily dosing.
What should be monitored during ipratropium therapy?
Monitor for signs of anticholinergic side effects, especially in patients with predisposing conditions like glaucoma or urinary retention.
What is ipratropium’s role in asthma management?
It is used as an adjunctive therapy in acute asthma exacerbations, particularly in combination with beta-agonists, to enhance bronchodilation.
