IP ADDRESSING AND SUBNETTING Flashcards
An IP address has ____ bits?
And is divided by ____ octets?
32
and
4
When binary IP addresses are written in decimal format.
Dotted Decimal Notation
Devised for use on large networks.
IP addressing
have a hierarchical structure and do provide logical groupings.
IP Addresses
IANA stands for…?
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Devised the hierarchical IP addressing structure
ARIN stands for…?
American Registry of Internet Numbers
Manages IP addresses in the United States
ICANN stands for…?
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
Kinds of IP Classes
- Class A
- Class B
- Class C
- Class D
- Class E
Reserved for governments and large corporations throughout the world.
Class A
supports 16,777,214 hosts
Addresses are assigned to large- and medium-sized companies
Class B
supports 65,534 hosts
Addresses are assigned to groups that do not meet the qualifications to obtain Class A or B addresses.
Class C
supports 254 hosts
Addresses (also known as multicast addresses) are reserved for multicasting
Class D
is the sending of a stream of data (usually audio and video) to multiple computers simultaneously.
Multicasting
Addresses are reserved for research, testing, and experimentation.
Starts where Class D leaves off.
Class E
Gateway devices have network interface connections to the internal network and the Internet.
Private IP ranges
Ranges of each IP Classes…?
(example: number between 1 and 126)
- Class A= 1 and 126
- Class B= 128 and 191
- Class C= 192 and 223
- Class D= 224 and 239
- Class E= 240 and 255
Indicates how much of the IP address represents the network or subnet
Subnet Mask
Manipulation of the subnet mask to get more network numbers.
Subnetting
Network is identified by the first, or first few, octets.
Subnet Address
When the entire host portion of an IP address is all binary ones
Broadcast Address
Broadcast Types(2):
- Flooded Broadcast
- Directed Broadcast
Broadcasts for any subnet.
Uses the IP address 255.255.255.255.
Flooded Broadcasts
Are for specific subnet. Routers can forward directed broadcasts
Directed Broadcasts
Developed to slow the exhaustion of IP addresses.
Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
CIDR addressing method allows the use of a ____ to designate the number of network bits in the mask.
Prefix
Also know as route aggregation or supernetting.
Allows many IP subnets to be advertised as one
Summarization
Allows different masks on the subnets.
Essentially done by subnetting the subnets
Variable length subnet masking (VLSM)
numbering system is base 16
Hexadecimal
(well duh:D)
The version of IP currently deployed on most systems today.
IP version 4 (IPv4)
Originally designed to address the eventual depletion of IPv4 addresses.
IP version 6 (IPv6)
Another technique developed in part to slow the depletion of IPv4 addresses.
Allows a single IP address to provide connectivity for many hosts.
Network address translation (NAT)
Some protocols do not work well with NAT, such as the ____ ?
IP Security Protocol (IPSec)
how many bits is IPv4?
32 bits
how many bits is IPv6?
128 bits
Involves enabling IPv6 on all routers, switches, and end nodes but not disabling IPv4.
Dual Stack
Encapsulates IPv6 traffic inside IPv4 packets.
Done when portions of a network are running IPv6 and other network areas have not been upgraded yet.
Tunneling
