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Networking > IP Addressing > Flashcards

IP Addressing Flashcards

1
Q

What does unreliable mean for IP?

A

IP does not have the ability to manage or recover from undelivered or corrupt packets

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2
Q

What is IPv6’s Next header?

A

an 8 bit field that indicates the payload type that the packet is carrying

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3
Q

What command shoes the ARP table on Cisco IOS and Windows?

A

ip arp and arp -a

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4
Q

What are two primary assigned addresses?

A

Physical (MAC) and Logical (IP)

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5
Q

What are the codes for the routes learned?

A
  • L is directly connected local interface
  • C is directly connected network
  • S is a manually configured static route
  • O is OSPF
  • D is EIGRP
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6
Q

How long is an IPv6 header in octets?

A

40 octets that are fixed length

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7
Q

Which layer is responsible for the maximum size of the PDU?

A

The network layer but it receives information from the data link layer that it uses for its decision.

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8
Q

What is the range of a Class A address?

A

1 - 127

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9
Q

What directions are protocol header diagrams read?

A

Left to right, top to bottom

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10
Q

What does the network layer provide?

A

Services to allow end devices to exchange data across networks

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11
Q

What is time-to-live? What is its abbreviation?

A

an 8 bit field used to limit the lifetime of a packet. It is set by the originating device and goes down one for each hop it makes. Once it reaches 0, the router drops the packet and sends an ICMP time exceeded message to the source. Since it changes, the checksum has to be recalculated. TTL.

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12
Q

What is the range of a Class C address?

A

192 - 223

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13
Q

What is differentiated Services? What is it’s short name and abbreviation?

A

an 8-bit field used to determine the priority of each packet. The first six bits are the differentiated service code point (DSCP) buts and the last two bits are the Explicit congestion notification (ENC) bits. DiffServe and DF

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14
Q

What is an extension header in IPv6?

A

Optional network layer information

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15
Q

What is the flow label in IPv5?

A

Provides a way for IPv6 routers and switches to quickly identify packets that belong to the same flow or communication method.

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16
Q

Who decides a packet is destined for a local or remote network?

A

The source end device

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17
Q

On Windows, how long are ARP mappings retained?

A

15-45 Seconds

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18
Q

How long do devices learn of a networks default gateway?

A
  • In IPv4, it learns through DHCP or manually
  • In IPv6, it learns through router broadcasts, DHCP, or manually
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19
Q

What are the limitations of IPv4?

A
  • limited number of unique public addresses
  • NAT introduces additional complexity
  • Complex header
  • Limited overhead
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20
Q

The routing table stores three types of route entries. What are they?

A
  • directly connected networks are active router interfaces
  • remote networks are networks that are connected to other routers
  • default routes are use when there are no better match in the IP routing table
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21
Q

What class is 128.17.9.1

A

Class B

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22
Q

What is IPv6’s traffic class field?

A

an 8-bit field equivalent to DS in IPv4, which specifies priority.

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23
Q

Because of IPs low overhead, what can it not do?

A

It cannot track or manage the flow of packets. These functions are preformed at other layers.

24
Q

What is the IPv6 version field?

A

A 4-bit value set to 0110 that identifies this as an IPv6 packet.

25
Q

List the things dynamic routing protocols do?

A
  • Discover remote networks
  • Maintain up-to-date routing information
  • Choose the best path to destination networks
  • Attempt to find a best path if the current path is no longer available
26
Q

What is the protocol field in IPv4?

A

Used to identify the next level protocol. It is 8-bits and indicates the data payload type that the packet is carrying.

27
Q

What does connectionless mean for IP?

A

There is no dedicated end-to-end connection before the data is sent. It is similar to sending a letter to someone without notifying the recipient in advance.

28
Q

What commands show the host routing table?

A

route print or netstat -r

29
Q

Where can hosts send packets?

A
  • Itself
  • A local host
  • A remote host
30
Q

What are the most popular dynamic routing protocols?

A
  • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
  • Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing ProtocolW (EIGRP)
31
Q

What class is 126.18.45.0?

A

Class A

32
Q

What are the basic characteristics of IPv4?

A
  • It is connectionless
  • It is a best effort protocol
  • It is independent of nay medium
  • It has low overhead
33
Q

Except for IPv4 and IPv6, what are the other network layer communication protocols?

A
  • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
  • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
34
Q

What happens if there are out of order packets or missing packets?

A

Upper layer services have to resolve packets that are out of order or missing.

35
Q

What 4 things does the network layer do to communicate across network locations?

A
  1. Addressing end devices with IP addresses
  2. Encapsulating PDUs from the transport layer with IP headers
  3. Routing packets to a destination host on another network
  4. Decapsulating the packet if the IP address matches the destination device and pass the data to the appropriate service.
36
Q

What happens if a packet is too big to go over a medium (after being sent from the router)?

A

It is split by an intermediary device located before the medium.

37
Q

What is IPv6’s Hop Limit field?

A

An 8-bit field that decreased by one for each hop

38
Q

What happens to the IP address when the packet is in transit?

A

Nothing. The IP address stays the same from the device sending it to the device receiving it, except when NAT is used.

39
Q

Do routers fragment IPv6 packets?

A

no

40
Q

What two functions does ARP provide?

A
  • Resolving IPv4 to MAC
  • Keeping a table of the resolved addresses
41
Q

What does ARP do? What does ARP mean?

A

Maps an IPv4 address to MAC address. Address Resolution Protocol.

42
Q

What happens if no device responds to an APR request?

A

The packet is dropped sinceWh it can’t be addressed

43
Q

What class is 220.200.23.1

A

Class C

44
Q

What happens if the hop limit is reached on an IPv6 packet?

A

The packet is dropped and an ICMPv6 Time Exceeded message is sent

45
Q

Does IPv6 have a checksum?

A

No, upper and lower layer have them so it is unnecessary

46
Q

Does the IPv6 Payload Length include the header?

A

no

47
Q

What is the range of Class B addresses?

A

128 - 191

48
Q

How can routes learn about favorite networks?

A
  • Manually through static routes
  • Dynamically which uses dynamic routing protocols
49
Q

What are the 5 ICMPv6 messages for neighbor discovery?

A
  • Neighbor solicitation
  • Neighbor advertisement
  • Router solicitation
  • Router advertisement
  • Redirect
50
Q

What is IPv6’s payload length field?

A

a 16-bit field that includes the length of the data payload

51
Q

What must a device know in order to send a packet?

A

Logical (IP) and Physical (MAC) address

52
Q

What is a routing table?

A

A list of all known network addresses (prefixes) and where to forward the packet

53
Q

What are the characteristics of a default gateway?

A
  • A local IP address in the same address range as other hosts on the network
  • Can accept data into the local network and forward data outside of the local network
  • Route traffic to other networks
54
Q

What is the header checksum in IPv4?

A

Used to check the header for corruption. It is 16 bits.

55
Q

What is the source and destination IP address?

A

a 32 (IPv4) or 128 bit values that represents either the source or destination address for a packet. Sources are unicast addresses, destinations can be multicast, anycast, broadcast, or unicast.

Networking (8 decks)

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