Ions, Atoms Amd Isotopes Y9 Flashcards
Silver ion
Ag+
Copper ion
Cu2+
Iron ion (2+)
Fe2+
Iron ion 3+
Fe3+
Lead ion
Pb2+
Zinc ion
Zn2+
Hydroxide ion
OH-
Hydroxide ion
OH -
Ammonium ion
NH4 +
Carbonate
CO3 2-
Nitrate ion
NO3 -
Sulfate ion
SO4 2-
Sulfate ion
SO4 2-
Which atoms exist in pairs?
H2, O2, N2 and all of group 7
What’s an istotope?
Two or more types of an element. Each with the same number of protons but different neutrons.
Relative mass of a proton
1
Relative mass of a neutron
1
Relative mass of an electron
Negligible
Relative charge of a proton
+1
Relative charge of a neutron
0
Relative charge of an electron
-1
What so the atomic number
The number of protons
In an atom how can you work out the number of electrons from the number of protons
They are the same
What is the mass number
The number of protons + the number of neutrons
How to work out number of neutrons in an atom
Mass number- atomic number
What number is bigger mass or atomic
Mass number
Where are the electrons in an atom?
The shells
What is the arrangement of electrons in these shells called
Electron configuration
Maximum number of electrons in each shell
2,8,8
What will the total number of electrons be equal to
The atomic number
What is an isotope
Atoms that have these same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Will the atomic numbs be the same in isotopes
Yes
Will the mass number be the same in isotopes
No because they have different amounts of neutrons
What are the isotopes of carbon
Carbon-12
Carbon-13
Carbon-14
Why is is it called carbon-12
12 is the mass number
What are the isotopes of hydrogen
Hydrogen
Deuterium
Tritium
Isotopes of chlorine
Chlorine -35
Chlorine -37
Isotopes of oxygen
Oxygen-16
Oxygen -18
What does RAM stand for
Relative atomic mass
What is RAM
Mass of an elements taking into account the different isotopes present
How do you work out RAM
Using the example of chlorine :
Chlorine contains 75% Cl-35 and 25% Cl-37
For 100 atoms :
Work out mass of Cl-35= 7535=2,625
Work out mass of Cl-37= 2537=925
Add them together
Total=3550
Divide by number of atoms (100 here)
The average mass per atom=35.5
What is the RAM of Bromine if
50.5% was Br79 and 49.5% was Br81
79.99
3 types of bonding
Ionic
Covalent
Metallic
What is ionic bonding
When a non-metal and a metal bond
What is covalent bonding
Non-metals bonding
What is metallic bonding
When metals bond
What are cations
Positively charged ions after an atom has lost electron/s.
metals lose elctrons
What are anions
Negatively charged ions after an atom has gained electrons.
Non metals gain electrons
What groups lose electrons
1,2,3
What groups gain electrons
5,6,7
How do you form an ion
By add in or taking away electrons
Form an magnesium ion if the configuration is 2,8,2
Take away 2 electrons
Definition of ion
A charged atom
How do you draw an ion
[O] charge e.g
[O] 2+
(O will have electrons drawn on it)
How to write the electron configuration of an ion
[2,8] 2+
This is the new configuration
How to write the formula of an ion
Element, charge
E.g Mg2+
What does metal+non metal =
Ionic compound
Charge of group 1
+
Charge of group 2
2+
Charge of group 3
3+
Charge of group 5
3-
Charge of group 6
2-
Charge of group 7
-
What charge do ionic compounds have
Neutral
What is a giant ionic lattice
Oppositely charged ions that are attracted into a lattice that gets bigger and bigger until it consists of millions of ions
How do you write it if the charges of the two elements reacting are different
Example:
Mg2+ and N-
To make it neutral there needs to be two N so it is written like :
MgN2 (two is subscript number)
Hydrochloric acid
HCl
Sulfuric acid
H2SO4
Nitric acid
HNO3
Carbon dioxide
CO2
Carbon monoxide
CO
Water
H2O
