Ions and Water Balance Flashcards
What is intracellular fluid?
Fluid that exists within cells
What is extracellular fluid?
Fluids that are not contained in the cells
What are the three types of extracellular fluids?
Blood plasma and lymph, interstitial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid
Where would interstitial fluid be found?
In the spaces between cells and tissues of the body
What is osmosis?
It is the diffusion of water across a membrane in response to osmotic pressure caused by an imbalance of molecules on either side of the membrane.
What is an electrolyte?
It is a solute that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water
How does non-electrolyte differ from an electrolyte?
It does not dissociate into ions during water dissolution
What do electrolytes and non-electrolyte have in common?
They both contribute to the osmotic balance.
What level of concentration do salts and ions go from and to?
Salts/ions move from areas of high concentration to low concentration
Are freshwater animals hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic to the water they live in?
Hyperosmotic
What is the task of the primary importance of freshwater animals?
Water elimination
What level of concentration do salts and ions go from and to?
Salts/ions move from areas of high concentration to low concentration
What is the osmoregulation of animals in a freshwater environment?
They drink little water, they actively take up ions through their gills, and they absorb water through the skin but excrete ions through it, and excretes dilute urine (ions and water).
What are the challenges of freshwater animals and what are the solutions?
Gaining too much water - drink less or no water
Loosing too much salt (bc the environment is relatively hypotonic) - osmoregulate
What is hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic?
Hypotonic - having a lower osmotic pressure than a body fluid; having a lower concentration of fluid, sugars and salts than blood.
Hypertonic-solute concentration is higher than that inside of the cell; solutes cannot cross the membrane.
An isotonic - similar concentration of fluid, sugars and salts to blood.
How could freshwater animals osmoregulate?
Excrete very dilute urine and actively transport salts back through the gills
Are saltwater animals hyposmotic or hyperosmotic to seawater?
Hyposmotic
what is the task of the primary importance of saltwater animals?
Water conservation
What are the challenges of saltwater animals?
Losing too much water - drink seawater
Too much salt in their system - osmoregulate
How would saltwater animals osmoregulate?
Excrete very concentrated urine and actively remove excess salts through gills.
What is the difference between conformers and regulators?
Conformers - the body of the organism depends upon the changes in the external environments while regulators - the organisms are capable of controlling their internal environment irrespective of their external surroundings to an extent.
What are osmoconformers?
Organisms that keep their internal fluids isotonic to their environments i.e., their body fluid concentrations conform to changes in seawater concentration
How does glomerular filtration work?
Blood pressure forces water and solutes across the wall of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular spaces.
Is glomerular filtration based on size? If so, where do small molecules pass through?
Yes, filtration is based on size; small molecules pass through filtration membrane.
