Ions and Water Balance

Question 1

What is intracellular fluid?

Answer 1

Fluid that exists within cells

Question 2

What is extracellular fluid?

Answer 2

Fluids that are not contained in the cells

Question 3

What are the three types of extracellular fluids?

Answer 3

Blood plasma and lymph, interstitial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

Where would interstitial fluid be found?

Answer 4

In the spaces between cells and tissues of the body

Question 5

What is osmosis?

Answer 5

It is the diffusion of water across a membrane in response to osmotic pressure caused by an imbalance of molecules on either side of the membrane.

Question 6

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 6

It is a solute that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water

Question 7

How does non-electrolyte differ from an electrolyte?

Answer 7

It does not dissociate into ions during water dissolution

Question 8

What do electrolytes and non-electrolyte have in common?

Answer 8

They both contribute to the osmotic balance.

Question 9

What level of concentration do salts and ions go from and to?

Answer 9

Salts/ions move from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Question 10

Are freshwater animals hypoosmotic or hyperosmotic to the water they live in?

Answer 10

Hyperosmotic

Question 11

What is the task of the primary importance of freshwater animals?

Answer 11

Water elimination

Question 12

What level of concentration do salts and ions go from and to?

Answer 12

Salts/ions move from areas of high concentration to low concentration

Question 13

What is the osmoregulation of animals in a freshwater environment?

Answer 13

They drink little water, they actively take up ions through their gills, and they absorb water through the skin but excrete ions through it, and excretes dilute urine (ions and water).

Question 14

What are the challenges of freshwater animals and what are the solutions?

Answer 14

Gaining too much water - drink less or no water
Loosing too much salt (bc the environment is relatively hypotonic) - osmoregulate

Question 15

What is hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic?

Answer 15

Hypotonic - having a lower osmotic pressure than a body fluid; having a lower concentration of fluid, sugars and salts than blood.
Hypertonic-solute concentration is higher than that inside of the cell; solutes cannot cross the membrane.
An isotonic - similar concentration of fluid, sugars and salts to blood.

Question 16

How could freshwater animals osmoregulate?

Answer 16

Excrete very dilute urine and actively transport salts back through the gills

Question 17

Are saltwater animals hyposmotic or hyperosmotic to seawater?

Answer 17

Hyposmotic

Question 18

what is the task of the primary importance of saltwater animals?

Answer 18

Water conservation

Question 19

What are the challenges of saltwater animals?

Answer 19

Losing too much water - drink seawater
Too much salt in their system - osmoregulate

Question 20

How would saltwater animals osmoregulate?

Answer 20

Excrete very concentrated urine and actively remove excess salts through gills.

Question 21

What is the difference between conformers and regulators?

Answer 21

Conformers - the body of the organism depends upon the changes in the external environments while regulators - the organisms are capable of controlling their internal environment irrespective of their external surroundings to an extent.

Question 22

What are osmoconformers?

Answer 22

Organisms that keep their internal fluids isotonic to their environments i.e., their body fluid concentrations conform to changes in seawater concentration

Question 23

How does glomerular filtration work?

Answer 23

Blood pressure forces water and solutes across the wall of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular spaces.

Question 24

Is glomerular filtration based on size? If so, where do small molecules pass through?

Answer 24

Yes, filtration is based on size; small molecules pass through filtration membrane.