Introduction

Question 1

What is animal physiology?

Answer 1

The study of how animal form or structure and function sustain life and share responses to environmental conditions

Question 2

At what temperature range can organismic growth occur?

Answer 2

From at least -15°C to about 113°C

Question 3

What is hyperthermophilic?

Answer 3

Organisms that inhabit high-temperature environments, ranging from approximately 80°C - 113°C

Question 4

What do hyperthermophilic microorganisms require? Why?

Answer 4

They require specialized cell components, like proteins and membranes, to be stable and function at high temperatures.

Question 5

What particular organisms are quite tolerant to extreme pH values?

Answer 5

Microbes and other microscopic organisms

Question 6

What are the limitations in environment?

Answer 6

Light, temperature, water, pH values and radiation

Question 7

What is scaling?

Answer 7

The relationships between anatomical and physiological traits and body size.

Question 8

What happens to the SA, V, and SA:V ratio if an object doubles in size?

Answer 8

SA: increases by a factor of 4
V: increases by a factor of 8
SA:V ratio decreases

Question 9

How are the surface area and volume involved in an organism?

Answer 9

The surface of organism is involved in exchange of material with the environment while the volume is responsible for the processing and use of these materials.

Question 10

What are the SA: V ratios of small and large animals?

Answer 10

Small animals - large SA:V
Large animals - small SA:V

Question 11

What is homology?

Answer 11

Similarity due to ancestry

Question 12

What is analogy?

Answer 12

Similarity due to similar environmental pressures(independent of ancestry)

Question 13

What happens during homeostasis when body temperature falls?

Answer 13

Blood vessels constrict so that heat is conserved. Sweat glands do not secrete fluid. Shivering (involuntary contraction of muscles) generates heat, which warms the body.

Question 14

What happens during homeostasis when body temperature rises?

Answer 14

Blood vessels dilate, resulting in heat loss to the environment. Sweat glands secrete fluid. As the fluid evaporates, heat is lost from the body.

Question 15

What is homeostasis?

Answer 15

Steady-state of internal environment of organisms

Question 16

What controls homeostasis?

Answer 16

Negative Feedback

Question 17

What are the four basic parts of a negative feedback loop?

Answer 17

Stimulus, sensor, control center, and effector

Question 18

What are some examples of stimulus, sensor, control center and effector?

Answer 18

Stimulus: oxygen, temperature
Sensor: body: receptors
Control center: body: nervous system
Effector: body: muscle, gland

Question 19

What does positive feedback do to the body?

Answer 19

It intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition rather than reversing it.

Question 20

In what processes is positive feedback involved?

Answer 20

The production of the action potential, childbirth and clot production

Question 21

Which of the following is the biggest challenge for animals living in aquatic environments?

Answer 21

Not having easy access to oxygen

Question 22

True or false? Animals living in terrestrial environments have limited oxygen available in comparison to animals living in aquatic environments.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

True or false? Size is independent of the complexity of some organ systems, like the respiratory system, of an organism.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Surface area to volume ratio influences thermal physiology such that

Answer 24

Small animals have a higher surface area to volume ratio, increasing heat loss and large animals have a smaller SA:V decreasing heat loss.

Question 25

True or false? Diversity of adaptations to the environment is limited by ancestry

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The sensor in a negative feedback loop can be?

Answer 26

Body receptors