Ions Flashcards
What are negative ions called?
Anions
Anions form when atoms gain electrons, leading to more electrons than protons.
How is the charge of an ion determined?
The charge is determined by the number of electrons gained or lost.
For example, if 2 electrons are lost, the charge is +2.
What happens to the number of protons and electrons when an atom forms an ion?
The number of protons remains the same, while the number of electrons changes based on gain or loss.
For example, if an atom gains 3 electrons, it has a charge of -3.
What is the atomic number of fluorine (F) and how does it relate to its electron count in an ion?
Fluorine has an atomic number of 9, so it has 9 protons and must have 10 electrons in its ion form.
This gives F a single negative charge.
What is the atomic number of iron (Fe) and how does it relate to its electron count in Fe²⁺?
Iron has an atomic number of 26, so it has 26 protons and must have 24 electrons in Fe²⁺.
This means Fe²⁺ has a charge of +2.
Which groups of elements are most likely to form ions?
Groups 1, 2, 6, and 7.
Group 1 and 2 elements are metals, while Group 6 and 7 elements are non-metals.
What type of ions do Group 1 elements form?
Group 1 elements form positive ions.
They lose electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
What type of ions do Group 6 elements form?
Group 6 elements form 2- ions.
They gain electrons to achieve a full outer shell.
What is the overall charge of any ionic compound?
The overall charge is zero.
This means all negative charges must balance all positive charges.
How can you work out the formula of an ionic compound?
By using the charges on the individual ions present.
The charges must balance to give an overall neutral charge.
What is the chemical formula of calcium nitrate?
Ca(NO₃)₂
The formula is determined by balancing the charge of Ca²⁺ with two NO₃⁻ ions.
What type of ions do names ending in -ate represent?
Negative ions containing oxygen and at least one other element.
Examples include nitrate and sulfate.
What type of ions do names ending in -ide represent?
Negative ions containing only one element.
An example is chloride.
Fill in the blank: The formula of lithium oxide is _______.
Li₂O
